on the zoogeography of southern african decapod crustacea

On the Zoogeography of SouthernAfrican Decapod Crustacea,

with a Distributional Checklistof the Species

BRIAN KENSLEY

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 338

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S. Dillon RipleySecretarySmithsonian Institution

S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y • N U M B E R 3 3 8



Brian Kensley

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1981

A B S T R A C T

Kensley, Brian. On the Zoogeography of Southern African Decapod Crus-tacea, with a Distributional Checklist of the Species. Smithsonian Contributionsto Zoology, number 338, 64 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, 1981.—Decapod crusta-cean research in southern Africa is reviewed. The terrestrial and freshwater,pelagic, and benthic decapods are discussed separately. The Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, and endemic components of the benthic fauna are discussed, relatedto neighboring islands, seamounts, and shoals, and compared with othersouthern hemisphere faunas. A checklist for about 700 species, with verticaland geographical distribution information, is provided.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recordedin the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastreacavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataKensley, Brian Frederick.On the zoogeography of Southern African decapod Crustacea.(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 338)Bibliography: p.1. Decapoda (Crustacea)—Africa, Southern—Geographical distribution. 2. Crustacea—Geo-

graphical distribution. 3. Crustacea—Africa, Southern—Geographical distribution. I. Ti-tle. II. Series.

QLI.S54 no. 338 (QL444.M33] 591s 81-607972 [595.3'840968] AACR2

Contents

Page

Introduction 1Acknowledgments I

Brief Historical Review of Decapod Collecting and Research in South-ern Africa 1

Geographical Limits of the Present Study 3Composition and Zoogeography of the Southern African Decapod

Fauna 4Terrestrial and Freshwater Decapoda 4Pelagic Natantia 5Benthic Decapoda 7Endemic Decapoda 10

Origin of the Southern African Decapod Fauna 13Decapoda from Neighboring Islands, Seamounts, and Shoals 14Comparison of Decapoda with Other Benthic Crustacea from Southern

Africa 15Comparison of the Decapod Faunas of Australia, New Zealand, South

America, and Southern Africa 16Checklist of Southern African Decapoda 16

Sources of Data 16Notes on the Checklist 17

Literature Cited 51

in



Brian Kensley

Introduction

Since Barnard's (1950) invaluable mono-graphic treatment, no single comprehensive workon southern African Decapoda has appeared. Thedecapod fauna has, however, received consider-able attention, and many new records have beennoted. While much taxonomic work remains tobe done, and while many southern African areashave been poorly collected, it was neverthelessthought useful to review the group as a whole,drawing such zoogeographic conclusions as arepossible from the available data. To this end, aspecies list has been compiled to give some idea,albeit incomplete, of the total fauna known todate and to enable comparisons with other areas.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—My sincere thanks aredue to the trustees and director and staff of theSouth African Museum, Cape Town, for assist-ance and hospitality during my visits in 1978 and1979; to the Zoology Department of the Univer-sity of Cape Town for the use of collections anddata; to Dr. F. A. Chace, Jr., and Dr. R. B.Manning of the Smithsonian Institution, and Dr.I. Perez-Farfante and Dr. A. B. Williams of theSystematics Laboratory, National Marine Fish-

Brian Kensley, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museumof Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.20560.

eries Service, National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration, for reading the manuscript andfor providing many useful comments and criti-cisms, and for additional data; and to Mrs. Cyn-thia Brown for assistance with maps and figures.

Brief Historical Review of Decapod Collectingand Research in Southern Africa

Probably the earliest serious collector of south-ern African decapods was Sir Andrew Smith,founder of the South African Museum, who, onhis return to England in 1837, gave his collectionof crabs to W. S. MacLeay. This resulted in theearliest report on southern African decapods,"The Annulosa of South Africa" in Smith's Zool-ogy of South Africa of 1838. Several of MacLeay'stypes are now in the Australian Museum, Sydney.

Dr. Ferdinand Krauss spent the years 1838-1840 collecting around the South African coastand published Die Siidafrikanischen Crustaceen in1843. Several expedition vessels subsequently col-lected in southern African waters, including theChallenger, Gazelle, Valdivia, and Gauss, as well asthe United States North Pacific Exploring Expe-dition. Ortmann (1896) based his zoogeographicdiscussions on decapods and included this accu-mulated knowledge in his pioneering work.

I

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

The next important addition to knowledgecame from the work of the Cape Colony researchvessel Pieter Faure from 1897-1907. These collec-tions were first reported on by the Rev. T. R. R.Stebbing, and later by K. H. Barnard, both inthe Marine Investigations of South Africa, and in theAnnals of the South African Museum. The first check-list of South African Crustacea was produced byStebbing (1910) in the Annals of the South AfricanMuseum. The Union government vessel Picklemade several collections during the 1920s, thematerial being examined by Stebbing, Caiman,and Barnard. The culmination of all this workwas K. H. Barnard's Descriptive Catalogue of SouthAfrican Decapod Crustacea published in 1950, inwhich about 500 species were reviewed.

The present list contains about 700 species.The extra species and records have been addedby several workers. Barnard (1954, 1955, 1958)included several new records as a result of thecollecting done by the universities of Cape Townand the Witwatersrand. Several contributionshave since been made to the southern Africandecapod literature, including Forest (1954) onhermit crabs, Hayashi and Miyake (1968) onstylodactylids, Griffin (1968) on majid crabs,Grindley (1961) on Natal crabs, Berry (1969a,b1971, 1979) on palinurans and nephropids, Hay-ashi (1975) on processids, de Freitas (1979) onpenaeids, and Kensley (1968-1980) on a varietyof groups.

Certain areas around the coast, for one reasonor another, have received more attention thanothers, resulting in gaps in distributional knowl-edge. Decapods from Liideritz, South West Af-rica, have been collected by the German SouthPole Expedition, the University of Cape Town,and the South African Museum. Saldanha Bay,and more particularly Langebaan Lagoon, hasbeen extremely well sampled because of the an-nual student camps and surveys of the ZoologyDepartment of the University of Cape Town.Most estuaries have been sampled by the sameinstitution, while False Bay, Cape Province, be-cause of its easy accessibility and position, hasbeen well sampled both intertidally and from

greater depths by the U.S. Exploring Expedition,the Pieter Faure, the John D. Gilchrist, and theThomas B. Davie, the latter two being researchvessels of the University of Cape Town. A com-prehensive checklist of the fauna of False Bayresulted from this work (Day, Field, and Penrith1970). Delagoa Bay and Inhaca Island, Mozam-bique, received considerable attention followingK. H. Barnard's visit in 1914. Up to the early1970s the University of the Witwatersrand con-ducted annual visits to the island's research sta-tion and documented the fauna and flora of theregion (MacNae and Kalk, 1958). The SouthAfrican Museum collected from Inhaca Island toVilanculos and Magaruque Island (22°01'S,35°19'E) in the north during 1971 and 1973.

Until recently the continental shelf beyond the200 m line had been poorly sampled, and only inscattered areas such as Lambert's Bay, SaldanhaBay, Table Bay, False Bay, and the Agulhas Bankin the Still Bay area. Up to 1975, the mostcomprehensive but still very inadequate reporton shelf/slope decapods dealt with a very limitedarea off the Cape Peninsula, which was the resultof the South African Museum-Division of SeaFisheries deep trawling of the R.V. Africana II(Kensley, 1968). In 1975, the South African Mu-seum initiated a five-year program of samplingthe deep benthic and pelagic fauna off the eastcoast from the Mozambique border to Transkei,with the help of the C.S.I.R. R.V. Meiring Naude.The resulting 256 stations form the most compre-hensive if still inadequate collection of decapodsfrom deep water in southern Africa (Kensley,1977a,b, 1980a).

There are areas which have enjoyed little or nosampling, and which accordingly weaken anyzoogeographic conclusions. These include muchof the continental shelf, especially the AgulhasBank, and the entire West Coast; also the Tran-skei-Pondoland-Zululand shallow waters (withthe exception of the Durban area). This latteromission is unfortunate, as the area includes thetransitional zone from the Semitropical EastCoast Province to the Warm Temperate SouthCoast Province.

NUMBER 338

Geographical Limits of the Present Study

The area covered by the present work has notbeen too rigidly defined so as to allow inclusionof as many records as possible. The northern limiton the west coast is taken as the mouth of theKunene River, the brachyurans of the West Af-rican region from southern Angola northwardshaving been dealt with by Monod (1956) andManning and Holthuis (1981). A list of intertidaldecapods is included in a checklist of shore ani-mals from Mocamedes, southern Angola (Ken-sley and Penrith, 1973). On the east coast, Vilan-culos in Mozambique is taken as the northernlimit. (See Figure 1.) Barnard (1950) adopted the15° latitude as his northern limit on both the eastand west coasts in his monographic work on thedecapods, as well as in his earlier work on fish(1925). This corresponds with Mocamedes on thewest and Mozambique Island on the east. With

the exception of Kalk (1959), there are almost nopublished records of decapods north of Vilancu-los. In his work on the Mollusca, Barnard (1974)stated that the 15° latitude seemed too wide anarea, and accordingly placed his limits at theTropic of Capricorn, i.e., Walvis Bay on the westand Inhambane on the east.

As to distance out to sea, almost no limit hasbeen placed in this work. Apart from the 256Meiring Naude stations mentioned earlier, littlework has been done beyond the 200 m line. Avery few Division of Sea Fisheries stations extendfrom about 5° to 45° east and to 45° south. Thesehave been included in this survey, as well as theisolated stations on the seamounts Tripp andVema, and Walter's Shoal. For comparative pur-poses, the decapod faunas of St. Helena Island,Ascension, and the Tristan da Cunha group,Marion and Prince Edward and Gough islands,have also been considered.

15°

20°

25*

3(f

35°

Mofdmede

Cope

Swokopmund

Wolvis Boy

SOUTH-WESTAFRICA

Port

Lambert s

St. Helena Bay^ CAPE PROVINCE

Langebaa

Cope Town

Cape Agulhas

10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45'

FIGURE 1.—Map of southern Africa showing major collecting localities.

50°


Composition and Zoogeographyof the Southern African Decapod Fauna

In an analysis of any large and heterogeneousgroup of organisms, a knowledge of the modes oflife, life histories, and habitats is essential if non-sensical interpretations are to be avoided. Thusin the following discussion, the decapods are dealtwith in several sections. The terrestrial and fresh-water forms are only briefly mentioned. The ma-rine forms are dealt with in three separate sec-tions, viz., shallow benthic (intertidal to 200 m),deep benthic (beyond the 200 m line), and pelagicforms.

TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER DECAPODA.—Two macruran, one anomuran, and three brach-yuran families have representatives either on landor in freshwater in southern Africa. Freshwatershrimps are found amongst the Atyidae and Pa-laemonidae; the Coenobitidae contain the onlyterrestrial hermit crabs, while the Gecarcinidaeand Grapsidae include the terrestrial crabs. Thefreshwater crabs all belong to the Potamonauti-dae.

Potamonautidae: With the exception of Gecarci-nautes brincki Bott (I960), all the freshwater crabsof southern Africa belong to the genus Potamon-autes, which is exclusively African. Eight speciesoccur south of the Zambesi River. It is postulated(Bott, 1955) that the Potamonautidae originatedfrom marine ancestors of the Tethys Sea in theNorthern Hemisphere. Palaeontological evidenceseems to indicate this origin somewhere near theend of the Cretaceous or the beginning of theTertiary. One section of the ancestors left the seaand migrated onto land, while the ancestors ofthe Potamonautes group entered fresh water andmigrated southward down the African continentvia the major river systems and lakes of the RiftValley complex. This southward migration, alongwith adaptive radiation, led to the formation ofspecies or species-groups, each characteristic of aparticular river or river-system. Where a river-system is relatively isolated, well-defined speciessuch as P. bayonianus (Brito-Capello) of the Ku-nene River have arisen. Where several river-sys-tems interlink or where a large area is drained by

several small closely situated rivers, the definitionof species becomes blurred. Thus the Cape Prov-ince is characterized by P. perlatus (H. Milne-Edwards), and Natal by P. sidneyi (Rathbun), buta wide range of overlap occurs from which tran-sitional forms showing features of both specieshave been recorded. Similarly, where P. perlatus(H. Milne-Edwards) overlaps with P. warreni Cai-man in the Orange Free State and Transvaal,transitional forms are found. These forms leadone to suspect the subgeneric divisions proposedby Bott (1955).

Gecarcinautes brincki Bott, recorded from themountain streams of the southwestern Cape Prov-ince, has its closest relatives in the rivers of Mad-agascar.

Gecarcinidae: There are not many records ofland crabs from southern Africa, the gecarcinidsbeing tropical in distribution and essentially noc-turnal. Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst) has been re-corded northwards from Durban, while C. arma-tum Herklots occurs on the west African coastfrom Mocamedes northwards.

Grapsidae: Geograpsus stormi de Man , being atropical Indo-Pacific species, has also been re-corded northwards from Durban on the eastcoast.

Coenobitidae: Of the land hermit crabs, Coenob-ita rugosus H. Milne-Edwards is known from theeast African coast north of Natal and the Indo-Pacific region, while C. cavipes Stimpson appearsto be restricted to the Indian Ocean.

Atyidae: Of the more than 20 genera of theAtyidae, only Caridina occurs in southern Africa,where it is represented by four species, some ofwhich are of doubtful validity. The uncertaintyof the taxonomic position of the species is due tothe variability of the forms and the paucity ofcollecting. Material, usually only a few specimensfrom isolated localities, is all that is available atpresent. Intensive collecting over a wide area isneeded before reliable specific definitions may bederived.

Caridina typus H. Milne-Edwards, a species sup-posedly found on several Indian Ocean islands,the western Pacific, and Queensland, Australia,has been recorded from several rivers in Natal,

NUMBER 338

including the Umhloti, Umgeni, Illovo, Umbilo,and Uvongo. Caridina nilotica (Roux) varies withregard to egg size, and this has given rise to thedescription of varieties such as C. nilotica var.paucipara Weber (1897) and C. nilotica var. natal-ensis de Man (1908a). Habitat also plays a role inthe degree of variation, as lacustrine and fluviatileforms of this species have been distinguished. Thespecies is widespread, occurring throughout EastAfrica, Egypt, the Indian Ocean area, as well asChina and Australia. Caridina africana Kingsley,recorded from the Amamzimtoti River in Natal,and Zululand, may prove to be a form of C.nilotica. Caridina indistincta Caiman was originallydescribed from Australia, but specimens from theCongo and Zambesi rivers have been assigned toit.

It would seem that the southern African Cari-dina species, like the freshwater crabs, are eithermigrants or derived from migrants from thenorth.

Palaemonidae: The family Palaemonidae hasfreshwater, estuarine, and marine representativesin southern Africa. Again, due to lack of collect-ing, several of the freshwater forms are in uncer-tain taxonomic position.

Palaemon (Palaemon) capensis de Man, the CapeRiver prawn, is a true freshwater form, havingbeen recorded from several rivers, including theGamtoos, Duivenhoks, Buffeljachts, Palmiet,Zonderend, Baakens, and Bree. Its range wouldthus seem to be between the Palmiet River nearHermanus and the Baakens River near Port Eliz-abeth. The species has not been recorded fromany of the west coast rivers.

The genus Macrobrachium contains the rest ofthe freshwater prawns in southern Africa and isrepresented by about seven species. Macrobrachiumvollenhoveni (Herklots), recorded from the KuneneRiver, may be regarded as a true West Africanform, being known from northern Angola, Lib-eria, and the Cape Verde Islands. The Kuneneform may well be on the way to developing aseparate identity, showing more slender pereo-pods than the northern representatives.

Macrobrachium lepidactylus (Hilgendorf) was orig-inally described from northern Mozambique, and

has since been found in Tanzania and Madagas-car. In southern Africa it has spread down theriver systems of the east coast, and is known fromsouthern Mozambique, Zululand, Natal, EastLondon, and the eastern Transvaal. Macrobrachiumequidens (Dana) inhabits the lower reaches andestuaries of rivers in Natal and southern Moz-ambique.

Macrobrachium rude (Heller), M. petersi (Hilgen-dorf), M. scabriculum (Heller), and M. idella (Hil-gendorf) have all been recorded from Natal andsouthern Mozambique. All are typically tropicaleast African and Indian forms. As the southernAfrican material is often immature, and as fewspecimens are collected from any single locality,some of these identifications are still open todoubt.

PELAGIC NATANTIA.—Before any discussion ofthe southern African Natantia can be attempted,some reservations regarding the data on meso-and bathypelagic species must be made.

The single overriding factor that prevents anyfirm conclusions from being drawn regarding ver-tical distribution is that opening/closing netshave not been used for macroplanktonic sam-pling. The earlier collections, including those ofthe Pieter Fame and the Pickle, were made with anassortment of dredges, trawls, and nets, while themore recent collections, such as those made bythe Africana II off Cape Point, the midwater sur-vey of Grindley and Penrith (1965) on the SSNatal, and the South African Museum's MeiringNaude survey, did not use closing nets (althoughthe latter did use temperature/depth recordingdevices). The non-selective sampling is well illus-trated by the deep-sea collection of the Africana IIoff Cape Point. Although a beam trawl was usedto sample the benthic fauna, the samples includedsuch genera as Sergestes, Gennadas, and pelagicAcanthephyra, as well as the mysid Gnathophausia,the jellyfish Periphylla, and a large number ofpelagic fish. In such a case, it may be said thatthese organisms occur in the waters under discus-sion, but correlation with more precisely definedwater-masses is not possible.

The effect of vertical migration in water-masscorrelation will further weaken the available data.


Some species may rise from one water-mass toanother, and, depending on time of capture, maybe associated with either water-mass. Foxton(1972) has shown that in the North Atlantic,mesopelagic species of the genus Acanthephyra tendto execute considerable vertical migrations, whilethe deeper-living bathypelagic species apparentlydo not migrate.

The term "pelagic," when used in relation toa species, is here understood to imply the inhabit-ing of the main water body of the sea, livingneither in the upper 200 meters (epipelagic) noron the sea bed (benthic). "Mesopelagic" indicatesliving in the depth range 200-500 meters; "bathy-pelagic" indicates living in the depths beyond500 meters (Briggs, 1974). In this study, somemembers of the caridean families Oplophoridaeand Pasiphaeidae and the penaeidean familiesAristeidae, Sergestidae, and Penaeidae are re-garded as pelagic.

Kensley (1974c) attempted to demonstrate sta-tistically the presence of species-groups signifi-cantly associated with specific water-masses, us-ing data available up to 1974. An inherent weak-ness of this analysis was the diverse and non-selective collecting methods used, which necessi-tated a subjective decision to be made for eachsample as to water-mass of origin. It was never-theless thought useful to carry out the analysis forany information it might yield. The Mc-Connaughey coefficient (McConnaughey, 1965),which reveals homogeneous groups within heter-ogeneous systems and employs as variables theoccurrences of species A, occurrences of species B,and co-occurrences of species A and B, along witha generalised sorting strategy (Lance and Wil-liams, 1966), was used to generate a dendrogram.Interpretation of the dendrogram could not begiven any great significance; rather it was used asthe starting point for discussion. The most inter-esting facts to emerge from this analysis were thatthe Aristaeomorpha foliacea was linked to SouthIndian Central Water and that a much largergroup of 20 species, containing several species ofSergestes, Sergia, and Gennadas, and the commonAcanthephyra quadrispinosa Kemp and Systellaspis

debilis (A. Milne-Edwards), was loosely connectedto South Atlantic Central Water. Beyond thisvery broad statement, the analysis gave some(admittedly dubious) weight to subjective conclu-sions arrived at mainly by direct observation. Forexample, the Aristeidae, described by Burkenroad(1936) as containing mainly oceanic forms, con-tains the genus Gennadas, which the analysisshowed to be truly oceanic, being found only inthe South Atlantic Central Water, as is the relatedBentheogennema intermedia (Bate).

Chace (1940) noted that several of the Oplo-phoridae are truly bathypelagic (sensu latu)oceanic forms. The analysis bore this out, thegenera Oplophorus, Acanthephyra, Systellaspis, andHymenodora being found only in South AtlanticCentral Water or in Antarctic Intermediate Wa-ter. Foxton (1972) showed that Acanthephyra pelag-ica (Risso) and A. purpurea A. Milne-Edwards werealways associated with North Atlantic CentralWater, whereas A. sexspinosa Kemp and A. acan-thitelsonis Bate were always associated with SouthAtlantic Central Water. Also, A. prionota Foxton,A. curtirostris Wood-Mason, and A. stylorostrata(Bate) were species living in deeper water thanthe four aforementioned species. Foxton was ableto state these facts with some certainty, as hisspecimens were caught with opening and closingnets. It is possible that a similar system prevailsin the south Atlantic and the southwest IndianOcean.

The following remarks may be made regardingthe southern African oplophorids. Three speciesappear to be rare and are found in water deeperthan 2000 m; these are A. corallina (A. MilneEdwards), A. brevirostris Smith, and A. gracilipesChace taken off Cape Point in 2480-3000 meters.Acanthephyra armata A. Milne-Edwards (describedfrom the Lesser Antilles) and A. indica Balss areknown from the Indian Ocean, and have beenrecorded off the east coast to 850 meters. Sixspecies appear to have a wide depth range, beingfound from 250-2000 meters, viz., A. curtirostrisWood-Mason, A. eximia Smith, A. pelagica (Risso),A. prionota Foxton, A. quadrispinosa Kemp, and A.stylorostrata (Bate). Acanthephyra quadrispinosa Kemp

NUMBER 338

and A. pelagica (Risso), members of the purpureaspecies complex, are the two common species offSouth Africa. The former has been recorded fromthe surface to 3800 meters, while the latter hasbeen recorded from 250-3800 meters, but bothappear to be abundant in the 500-600 meterzone.

Amongst the Natantia from deeper waters,many genera are almost cosmopolitan in distri-bution, with the same species occurring in severalwater-masses having similar properties. The re-gion off the Cape is sometimes regarded as acorridor for the Natantia. Burkenroad (1936)showed that many so-called Indo-Pacific speciesfound off the Cape also occurred in the Atlanticoff the Bahamas and the northeast coast of theUnited States. This connection via the Cape wasused to explain the dissimilarity of the oceanicNatantia off the east and west coasts of the U.S.A.

Turning to the zoogeographic relationships ofthe Natantia under discussion, these may be sum-marized as follows: of the approximately 67 spe-cies regarded as truly pelagic, 27 (40%) have beenrecorded from both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific;17 (25%) are Atlantic forms; and 18 (27%) areIndo-Pacific forms. More interestingly, and inline with the idea of the southern African oceansbeing a corridor area, of the 17 purely Mediter-ranean/Atlantic species, 13 (76%) have been re-corded east of Cape Agulhas, while of the 18Indo-Pacific forms, 10 (55%) have been recordedwest of Cape Point. The presence of these latter10 species may be explained partially by theeddying of warm pockets of Agulhas water on thewest coast (Welsh and Visser, 1970). Whether theforegoing figures indicate genuine penetrationinto neighbouring areas or merely a lack of knowl-edge concerning the distribution of pelagic speciesis difficult to assess.

BENTHIC DECAPODA.—Consideration of specieshaving a depth distribution below 200 m, manyof which are single records, has been omittedfrom the following discussion of zoogeographicrelationships.

The overall composition of the southern Afri-can decapods is given in Table 1. The zoogeo-

graphic affinities of the benthic decapods fromless than 200 m are given in Table 2, while thedistribution of the major components of thisgroup around the southern African coastline isillustrated in Figure 3.

The Indo-Pacific component constitutes themajor section of this part of the decapod fauna.Predictably, this component shows a marked in-crease from west to east along the coastline, with73% occurring at Durban and 93% at Maputo/Inhaca Island. There is a dramatic cutoff betweenDurban and East London, which would indicatethe transition from a Subtropical East CoastProvince to a Warm Temperate South CoastProvince. This is obviously a reflection of thechange in the temperature regime of the seas ofthe area. The Indo-Pacific, and more especiallythe Indo-West Pacific, is a predominantly tropi-cal/subtropical marine region, with circulation inthe northern part of the Indian Ocean by theNorth Equatorial Current and the Counter Cur-rent and the South-West and North-East Mon-soon Drift, and in the southern part by the SouthEquatorial Current, communicating with the

TABLE 1.—Composition of the southern African decapodcrustacean fauna

Fauna Families Genera Species

Marine pelagicMarine benthic

> 200 m< 200 m

Terrestrial/freshwaterTotal

463

667

19308

73235

8334

67632107525

23700

TABLE 2.—Zoogeographic components of the southern Af-rican benthic decapod crustacean fauna from less than200 m

Component

Indo-PacificAtlantic/MediterraneanEndemicOther (Austral, wide-

spread, uncertain)Total

Species

34530

10347

525

rA of total

65.75.7

19.68.9

8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

western Pacific through the various straits of theEast Indies and northern Australia. (See Figure2.) The westward-flowing North and South Equa-torial currents could bring the larval planktonicor pelagic forms towards the East African coast,both north and south of Madagascar. The partof the North Equatorial Current that is divertedsouthward along the African coast passes downthe Mozambique Channel as the MozambiqueCurrent, to be joined by the westerly componentof the South Equatorial Current, thereby formingthe Agulhas Current. Depending on the widthand direction of the continental shelf, the AgulhasCurrent may be either close inshore, as betweenDelagoa Bay and St. Lucia and between Durbanand East London, or further offshore, as betweenSt. Lucia and Durban and south of East London.

Where this warm southerly flowing body of wateris close inshore, the intertidal and shallow areashave a good chance of receiving larval forms oftropical and subtropical species and of allowingthem to become established. This would accountin part for the high numbers of species recordedfrom Durban and the Delagoa Bay areas. Wherethe Agulhas Current, by virtue of the width ofthe continental shelf, is forced offshore, a coun-tercurrent of cold water flowing in a northeasterlydirection develops, which may even reach theLimpopo River mouth. This countercurrentcould to some extent explain the relative paucityof species in the area between Delagoa Bay andInhambane (although poor collecting in the areacannot be discounted), and is almost certainly alimiting factor to the southward range extension

FIGURE 2.—Major ocean currents around southern Africa. (Stippled area = Agulhas Bank.)

NUMBER 338

of subtropical species. Some subtropical specieshave managed to colonize southern Natal andthe Eastern Cape coastal areas in spite of the coldcountercurrent (prawns of the genus Penaeus reachthe Knysna estuary). This may be explained bythe presence of a southward-flowing inshore cur-rent (Harris, 1961) along the Natal coast, whichis especially noticeable in summer and thoughtto be caused by strong northeasterly sea breezes.On the other hand, the cold inshore countercur-rent, especially noticeable between the AgulhasBank and East London, may assist a few cold-water (i.e., west coast) species to become estab-lished east of False Bay.

Yet another factor controlling the presence orabsence of several decapod species is the presenceor absence of specialized habitats. The three mostnotable of these are coral reefs, mangroves, andshallow-water seagrass beds. The former two arefully, and the latter to some extent, dependent onwarm water for their existence. Thus, coral reefsare not found south of southern Mozambique,and those decapods always associated with corals,including several xanthid crabs and alpheidshrimps, do not occur south of northern Natal.Similarly, mangroves that occur in estuaries, em-bayments, or sheltered areas are noted for theirassociated crab fauna, especially species of Ucaand Sesarma. As one moves down the coast fromMozambique to Natal and the Eastern Cape,under the combined lack of warm water and theinfluence of the cold countercurrent, the treeswhich form the basis of the mangal decrease bothin number and diversity. MacNae (1968) showedthat many of the specialized crabs that inhabitmangroves are dependent on a variety of sub-strates found chiefly in the mangal.

Most shallow-water seagrass beds, along withtheir associated fauna, are controlled by the pres-ence of warm water. Mud flats are colonized byplants such as Cymodocea, Halodule, Halophila, Thal-assia, and Zostera, in the shelter of which decapodgenera such as Diogenes, Hippolyte, Tozeuma, Gnath-ophyllum, Periclimenes, and Periclimenaeus flourish.Only Zostera and Halophila reach southern Nataland the Cape Province, and the associated faunathus decreases.

The Atlantic/Mediterranean component,forming only about 6% of the fauna, shows a peakaround False Bay and Port Elizabeth, taperingoff to the east, but with still an almost 10%presence at Maputo. The low point on the westcoast at Liideritz may be explained by sea tem-peratures. The area of maximum upwelling ofcold Antarctic Intermediate water (9°-12° C) isat Liideritz (Stander, 1964), while northwards inthe area of the Kunene River mouth, and south-wards around the Agulhas Bank area, water closerin temperature to that off Angola is found. Theeffect of the cold Benguela water may be ad-judged by the fact that the only corals occurringoff West Africa are north of the equator in theGulf of Guinea, which is swept by the warmGuinea Current. Upwelling of cold nutrient-richwater on the west coast also contributes to thecharacteristic faunal and floral pattern, viz., fewspecies but large numbers of individuals.

Whether the Atlantic species found east ofFalse Bay are in genetic contact with the rest ofthe Atlantic populations, or whether these repre-sent relict populations from warmer Pleistocenetimes needs to be investigated for the individualspecies. The slightly higher percentage (22.6%) ofAtlantic forms in northern South West Africareflects the presence of a few West African species.Bearing in mind the north-flowing direction ofthe Benguela Current System, it is surprising thatso few Atlantic species manage to migrate andpopulate the southern west coast and the south-east coast. The actual method of migration fromnorth to south is probably a step-by-step andrelatively slow occupation of the continental shelfarea. It is possible that invasion, especially ofpelagic larval forms, is assisted by movement ofAtlantic water around and into the southwestIndian Ocean. This has been demonstrated tooccur in relatively deep water (le Pichon, 1960;Visser and van Niekerk, 1965; Shannon, 1966),and would account for the presence of true Atlan-tic pelagic forms in the southwest Indian Ocean.A similar movement of water, but in the oppositedirection, would account for the presence of In-dian Ocean species in the Saldanha Bay area.Shannon (1966) demonstrated that movement of


Agulhas water around Cape Point does occur.Only species tolerant of the low temperatures ofthe west coast could survive such migration. Ed-dying of Agulhas water into the South Atlantic(Welsh and Visser, 1970) may also account foreast coast species on the west coast.

A few species of the southern African decapodfauna appear to have a southern oceanic or aus-tral distribution, viz., Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus),Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan) , Pilumnoides perlatus(Poppig), and Lithodes murrayi Henderson.

Pilumnoides perlatus (Poppig), first recorded fromChile, is also known from Panama, Queensland,Australia, Ireland, and Plymouth, England, andis known in southern Africa from northern SouthWest Africa to False Bay. These localities wouldseem to suggest that the species has a cold-waterpreference. The unusual records from Britain andPanama may be due to transportation on ships'keels, the species having been recorded from suchsites on several occasions. The southern distribu-tion of this crab together with the other threespecies can be explained by the influence of theWest Wind Drift. This current, flowing from westto east, communicates with the west coasts ofSouth America, South Africa, and Australia bymeans of the Peru, Benguela, and Western Aus-tralian Currents, respectively, and also bathes theislands of Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Marion andPrince Edward, St. Paul and Amsterdam, andNew Zealand. Pilumnoides perlatus has a larval lifespan of 43 to 56 days (Fagetti and Campodonica,1973), sufficient for considerable transport byocean currents.

Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan) is a swimming crab,while Plagusia, the rock crab, has been foundfloating on objects far out to sea. There is thus noreason for not invoking the West Wind Drift toexplain the southern distribution of these species.

Lithodes murrayi Henderson, known from Mac-quarie Island, New Zealand, the Crozet Islands,and Prince Edward Islan, has been recorded fromdeep water of Natal and Liideritz, which distri-bution is more difficult to explain.

ENDEMIC DECAPODA.—Any discussion on ende-mism obviously depends on the state of knowl-

edge of the geographic and depth distribution ofthe species in question. Because of its accessibility,the intertidal fauna of any area almost alwayswill be relatively well known, and a species canbe designated "endemic" with some degree ofconfidence. When the infratidal region is consid-ered, however, it soon becomes apparent thatgaps of knowledge exist, as few infratidal areas ofany extent have been thoroughly sampled. Spe-cies from the infratidal thus seldom can be des-ignated "endemic" with any confidence. For thepurposes of the present discussion, an endemicspecies is considered to be confined to the geo-graphic area previously defined and limited tothe depth range 0- ± 200 m, in agreement withSmith (1970). The species of the lower part of thisrange are called endemic with reservation, andonly after consideration of all depth records.

Only seven genera are endemic, and of these,Projasus is known from off the east coast fromdepths of about 600 m. Macropetasma, Eudromidia,and Exodromidia have been recorded from the westcoast, but are not confined to this area. The fourcrab genera all have been recorded on the eastcoast. Of the fifty-three endemic brachyuran spe-cies, twenty-two have been taken in the intertidalzone.

The family Dromiidae is worthy of note, four-teen of the twenty-eight species being endemic;another four species, although from depths ofmore than 200 m, have not been recorded else-where, but may not be endemic. Eleven speciesare found in the Saldanha Bay to Agulhas Bankarea. It would seem that, although basically ofIndo-Pacific affinity, these species tend to bestenothermic and prefer the relatively cooler wa-ter of the south coast, i.e., the area of mixing ofcold west coast and warmer Agulhas water.

Of the 105 species of anomurans, twenty-sevenare endemic, while another thirteen from morethan 200 m are not recorded elsewhere. Fourteenspecies are intertidal dwellers. Seven species havebeen recorded west of Cape Point. A further fourspecies recorded from deep water (+500 m) offthe west coast are known only from the areabetween Saldanha Bay and Cape Point.

NUMBER 338 11

Of the thirty-two species of palinurans, one isendemic, and six are recorded from more than200 m, but not elsewhere. Although Homarus ca-pensis (Herbst) has been recorded four times be-tween the Cape of Good Hope and Port Eliza-beth, no depth information is available (see Wolff,1978). Polycheles demani Stebbing and Willemoesiabonaspei Kensley, both from very deep water, havebeen recorded only from off the Cape Peninsula,the latter species only once.

Twenty-five (12%) of the 208 species of Natan-tia are endemics. Of these, four are intertidaldwellers, viz., Periclimenes delagoae Barnard, Pericli-menaeus uropodialis Barnard, Alpheus edwardsii (Au-douin), and Hippolyte kraussiana (Stimpson). Tenspecies have been recorded from the west coast,and of these, Leontocaris paulsoni Stebbing, Lebbeussaldanhae (Barnard), and Plesiopenaeus nitidus Bar-nard have not been recorded east of Cape Point.The remaining species from the west coast, Hali-poroides triarthrus Stebbing, Metacrangon jacqueti bell-marleyi (Stebbing), Solenocera africana Stebbing,Macropetasma africana (Blass), and Ogyrides saldan-hae Barnard have all been recorded eastward toNatal.

Further analysis of the endemic componentcasts additional light on the faunal affinities ofthe area. Of the 103 endemic species, thirty-threeare known from the west coast; twenty of theseare distributed eastward beyond Cape Agulhasfor varying distances, some even as far as Moz-ambique. Most of these species are regarded asbeing part of the endemic group of the areabetween the Transkei and Cape Point that haspenetrated to the west coast, especially to thesheltered Saldanha Bay area. Ogyrides saldanhaeBarnard, Paguristes engyops Barnard, Dromidia hir-sutissima Lamarck, and Eudromidia hendersoni (Steb-bing) occur on the west coast and also betweenCape Point and Cape Agulhas, i.e., in the overlapzone. These species, together with Nautilocorystesocellata (Gray), known from Wai vis Bay to PortElizabeth, and Callianassa austral is Kensley, maybe said to be true west coast endemics.

From a perusal of the distribution, the endemicspecies (Figure 3) would seem to reach a maxi-

mum from False Bay to Port Elizabeth (i.e., theAgulhas Bank region), with another peak in theDurban area. The Agulhas Bank maximum mayto some extent be explained by the overlap of afew species from the cold west coast, with a largernumber from the warm-temperate area south ofthe Transkei. The endemic peak found at Durbanmay be due to concentrated collecting, but prob-ably reflects a true peak if compared with otherwell-sampled areas such as Inhaca Island andEast London. This peak may be emphasized bythe presence of a few warm-temperate speciesfrom the south added to the subtropical endemicsof Natal and Southern Mozambique.

The 24% endemism found at Inhaca Islandand Maputo may be more apparent than real, ascollecting north of Delagoa Bay and on the EastAfrican coast generally has been scant. Thesepeaks of endemism are worthy of further com-ment. Day (1973), in a discussion of the affinitiesof the fauna of Morrumbene estuary in Mozam-bique, analyzed the views of various authors onthe East African shallow marine fauna. He de-fined tropical species as those occurring north of20°S, subtropical from 20°S to Transkei, andwarm-temperate south of the Transkei to FalseBay. These definitions are adopted here, and itfollows from the geographical limits of this paperthat all the east coast endemic species north ofthe Transkei and south of Vilanculos should beregarded as subtropical. Ekman (1967) regardedall Natal and Mozambique species as tropical, asdid Kalk (1959) in her analysis of the fauna ofInhaca Island. This is perhaps an oversimplifica-tion for the decapods, but it is thought that thepeak of endemics found at Durban does indicatea distinct faunal component. The situation insouthern Mozambique is uncertain due to lack ofinformation, but it is probable that members ofthe subtropical component are well represented,and that a distinct tropical component is alsopresent as indicated by Day (1973).

The question of faunal provinces around south-ern Africa has given rise to a considerable litera-ture (see Brown and Jarman, 1978), starting inthe mid-19th century and continuing to the pres-


TOTALNUMBERS

OF SPECIES

ATLANTICDECAPODA

INDO-PACIFICDECAPODA

0.7 1.0 2.7

ENDEMICDECAPODA

FIGURE 3.—Distribution of decapod Crustacea from less than 200 m, indicated by percentagesat 8 localities (from west to east): Kunene River mouth, Liideritz, Saldanha Bay, False Bay,Port Elizabeth, East London, Durban, Maputo.

NUMBER 338 13

ent. With each separate group of organisms ex-amined, a slightly different picture emerges,which is to be expected when factors such ashabits, reproductive modes, life histories, andphysico-biological requirements are considered.The situation may be briefly described for theshallow benthic decapods.

The Tropical West African Province (Figure 4)barely makes its presence felt in northern SouthWest Africa, such forms as Ocypode cursor (Lin-naeus) , Hippolyte palliola Kensley, and Maja squi-nado (Herbst) being limited in the south by thecold Benguela System and its concomitant up-welling.

The Namaqua or Cold-Temperate West CoastProvince probably extends to Cape Agulhas andis characterized by few Indo-Pacific forms andsome typically Atlantic species. Most of the en-demics of this area are to be found on both sidesof Cape Point, with no marked division at theCape Peninsula, the temperature regime belowabout 30 m being relatively uniform.

The Warm-Temperate South Coast Provincestretching from the overlap area of False Bay/Agulhas to Transkei is characterized by highnumbers of endemics centered around the AlgoaBay (Port Elizabeth) region, by relatively highnumbers of Atlantic forms, and by far fewer Indo-Pacifics than are found from Durban northwards.

The Subtropical East Coast Province extendsfrom Transkei to about Inhambane in Mozam-bique, with a major Indo-Pacific component, butwith a strong endemic element centered aroundthe Durban area.

Origin of the Southern African Decapod Fauna

Good fossil decapod material is nowhere abun-dant in southern Africa; in fact, only five siterecords exist in the literature.

From the Cretaceous of Uitenhage, Cape Prov-ince, Kitchin (1913) recorded the palinuran me-cochirid Meyeria. The genus is known from theLower to Upper Cretaceous of Europe, North

FIGURE 4.—Faunal provinces around southern Africa: (1) Tropical West African, (2) Namaquaor Cold Temperate West Coast, (3) Warm Temperate South Coast, (4) Subtropical East Coast,(5) Tropical East Coast. (Areas of overlap are only approximate.)


America, Mexico, West Africa, Angola, and Ant-arctica. The family as a whole has not beenrecorded later than the Cretaceous and thus haslittle bearing on the history of the present-dayforms.

From the lower Miocene of Pemba Island,Stubblefield (1927) recorded the cancrid crabPalaeocarpilius intermedius, and a portunid, Neptu-nus, while from the lower Miocene of Inhambane,Mozambique, Stubblefield (1939) recorded an-other Neptunus as well as the extinct leucosiid crabTypilobus cf. granulosus.

King (1953) mentioned the presence of a "nep-tunid" (= portunid) crab from the lower Miocenedeposits of Uloa, Zululand.

Bohm (1926) recorded Callianassa erecta, Calli-anassa cf. fraasi, and Brachyuridarus sp. (possibly axanthid) from the lower Miocene of Bogenfels,South West Africa.

From such slender records, no useful conclu-sions can be drawn. Any speculations regardingthe present-day distribution and origin of thedecapod fauna must come from a considerationof the geological history of the area.

The southern African subcontinent, togetherwith South America, India, Madagascar, Aus-tralia, and Antarctica formed the southern land-mass of Gondwanaland (Crowson, 1970). Duringthe Jurassic (± 160 X 106 years b.p.) this landmassbegan to split up, with India, Madagascar, andAustralia breaking away from Africa and expos-ing the eastern and southeastern continental edgeof southern Africa. It was only during the upperValanginian of the Cretaceous that South Amer-ica and Africa began to separate, the break beingcompleted during the Lower Turonian of theCretaceous, 70 million years ago. The southeast-ern edge of Africa was thus exposed to oceanicconditions as well as to the faunal pioneers of theearly Indian Ocean long before the North andSouth Atlantic joined and washed the southwest-ern continental margin. From this time on,changes in sea level, whether due to polar iceactivity of the mid-oceanic ridges, accompaniedby marine transgressions and regressions, tookplace especially during the Tertiary and Quarter-

nary eras. These sea-level changes were undoubt-edly reflected in changes in the faunal composi-tion. There is a good evidence that the overallwater-mass and current picture was considerablydifferent from that of today. Micropalaeontolog-ical evidence from the east coast suggests that theAgulhas Current was not the well-marked year-round phenomenon it now is, during the lastPleistocene interglacial (Hutson, 1980). Further,if, as claimed by Prell and Hutson (1979), theIndian Ocean surface waters 18,000 years agowere much cooler than at present, and the Agul-has Current much weaker, the tropical Indo-Pa-cific fauna of the east coast must represent arelatively recent incursion, which is probably stilltaking place. As for the west coast fauna, studiesof the Plio-Pleistocene molluscan fauna of raisedbeaches (Carrington and Kensley, 1969; Kensley,1972, 1974b, 1977d; Tankard, 1975) indicate thata far more tropical and typically warm-waterfauna prevailed up to the last interglacial in anarea which is at present cold-temperate. Relictsof this warm-water fauna may have survived insheltered and therefore warmer pockets such asLangebaan Lagoon, Saldanha Bay, and FalseBay.

Decapoda from Neighboring Islands,Seamounts, and Shoals

Ascension Island, situated at 7°55'S, 14°30'W onthe mid-Atlantic ridge, has little affinity with thesouthern African decapod fauna. The single spe-cies in common is Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus)which is widespread through the Atlantic, andwhich occurs in northern South West Africa.

St. Helena Island, further south and closer to theAfrican continent than Ascension, has a well-developed decapod fauna showing some affinitywith southern Africa. Of the 23 species recorded(Chace, 1966) six are known from southern Af-rica. Of these, Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus) andCalappa gallus (Herbst) are widespread throughthe tropical Atlantic; Planes cyaneus Dana is wellknown from the Indo-Pacific; Plagusia depressaLamarck is known from both sides of the Atlantic;Dardanus arrosor (Herbst) from the eastern Atlantic

NUMBER 338 15

and the Indo-Pacific; and Metalpheus paragracilis(Coutiere) from the Indo-Pacific.

Whereas the fish, molluscs, and echinoderms ofSt. Helena show affinities first with the WestIndies, and then with the Mediterranean andeastern North Atlantic, the decapods seem moreclosely related to the West African and southernAfrican fauna, seven species being common toboth areas. Chace (1966) expressed the view thatonly Planes cyaneus Dana, an oceanic species oftenfound clinging to floating objects, came fromsouthern Africa, having been carried by the tradewind drift.

Seamount Vema, situated 720 km off the coast ofSouth Africa at 31°38'S, 8°20'E lies in the centralregion of the Cape Basin. It has a plateau-likesummit some 7 km in width, at a depth of 45-80m. Of the decapods from Vema, Pseudodromiacacuminis Kensley and Macropodia cirripilus Kensleyare regarded as endemic (Kensley, 1980b), theformer being closely related to Pseudodromia spinos-issima Kensley from the east coast of South Africa.The single palinuran, Jasus tristani Holthuis, isalso known from Tristan da Cunha, while Pseu-dactea corallina (Alcock) has Indo-Pacific affinity.Three species are true mesopelagics, Notostomusauriculatus Barnard, Gennadas gilchristi Caiman,and Funchalia villosa (Bouvier). Of these, the No-tostomus and Funchalia are true Atlantic forms,while G. gilchristi has only been recorded from theAgulhas Basin and the south-west Indian Ocean.Pagurus cuanensis (Bell), Eualus ctenifera (Barnard),and Pontophilus sculpta (Bell) have been recordedfrom southern Africa, while Pagurus chevreuxi Bou-vier, Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone), and Synalpheushuluensis africanus Crosnier and Forest are knownfrom the Mediterranean and/or West Africa. Theisopod fauna of Seamount Vema shows a muchstronger affinity with southern Africa (Kensley,1980b).

Seamount Tripp is situated at 29°36'S, 14°18'Eoff the coast of Namaqualand, in about 3000 mof water, and rises to about 160-170 m from thesurface. One sample from the Sea FisheriesBranch has yielded two decapods, Paromola cuvieri(Risso) and Eumunida picta Smith. For both spe-

cies, this is the most southerly record. The formerhas been recorded from the Mediterranean, Sen-egal, Cape Verde Islands, Azores, Ireland, Scot-land, the Orkneys, Norway, the Shetlands,Congo, and Angola, and is a true Atlantic form.Eumunida picta Smith is known from the CanaryIslands, Massachusetts, Australia, and New Zea-land. These records suggest a widespread distri-bution.

Tristan da Cunha at 37°OO'S, 12°50'E is an out-lier of the mid-Atlantic ridge and well within theinfluence of the West Wind Drift. It is thus notsurprising that Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus) andOvalipes punctatus (de Haan), both characteristi-cally austral species, have been recorded here.Jasus tristani Holthuis is confined to this islandgroup and to Seamount Vema. The only otherrecords are a species of Pachygrapsus and a Notos-tomus sp. taken from an albatross' gut.

Walter's Shoal situated on the South Madagas-car Ridge at 33°13'S, 43°51'E lies in about 38-46 m of water, and has been sampled by the R.V.Anton Bruun. The following five species have beenrecorded: Homola barbata (Fabricius) and Macro-podia formosa Rathbun, both of which are knownfrom the Atlantic and the east coast of SouthAfrica; Platypodia granulosa (Riippell), a typicallyIndo-Pacific species; Eualus ctenifera (Barnard),recorded from Maputo to Cape Point and fromSeamount Vema; and Alpheus waltervadi Kensley,known only from this area.

Comparison of Decapoda with Other BenthicCrustacea from Southern Africa

When other crustacean groups from southernAfrica are considered, a picture not too differentfrom the decapods emerges. Griffiths (1977)noted a 46% endemism for amphipod species,concentrated in the south-western Cape Province.Griffiths further suggested that in spite of thefairly high endemism, the region derived its basicstock from tropical and southern temperate areas.J. A. Day (1979), working with the Cumacea,came to a similar conclusion, and in particularnoted the cutoff in numbers somewhere between


Durban and East London, which she took toindicate the presence of a boundary betweenfaunistic provinces. A similar cutoff has beennoted above for the decapods. From unpublishedrecords I have been able to determine that theisopods follow a pattern similar to that of theCumacea and amphipods, but with even higherendemism centered in the southwestern Cape-Agulhas Bank area. The endemic peak noted forthe decapods in the Durban area was not appar-ent for the abovementioned peracaridan groups.

Comparison of the Decapod Faunasof Australia, New Zealand, South America,

and Southern Africa

Little useful information emerges from com-parison of the decapod faunas of the SouthernHemisphere regions.

The decapod fauna of Australia (Griffin andYaldwyn, 1968) is almost double the size of thesouthern African fauna, and may be broadlydivided into a tropical component and southerntemperate component. In general terms, thefauna of Australia is almost entirely derived fromthe Indo-Pacific. Although there are several gen-era in common with southern Africa, relativelyfew species are shared. Interestingly, of the 10largest decapod families in southern Africa, sevenof these occur in the 10 largest Australian families,with Xanthidae, Majidae, and Portunidae, in thisorder, being the three largest in both areas. TheMajidae of southern Africa have both Atlanticand Pacific components, whereas the Australianmajids (Griffin, 1966a) are almost entirely Indo-Pacific. Nine species are common to South Africaand Australia, with only Achaeopsis thomsoni (Nor-man) not having a tropical distribution. (SeeTable 3.)

The Australian Thalassinidea are richer andhave more endemic species than in southern Af-rica, with no species in common. (See Table 4.)

TABLE 3.—Comparison of the majid crab fauna of southernAfrica, Australia, and New Zealand (Australian figures fromGriffin, 1966a; New Zealand figures from Griffin, 1966b)

Region

Southern AfricaAustraliaNew Zealand

Genera SpeciesEndemic

species

284511

429518

. 11 (26%)37 (39%)12 (66%)

TABLE 4.—Comparison of the thalassinidean fauna of Aus-tralia and southern Africa (Australian figures from Pooreand Griffin, 1979)

Region

Southern AfricaAustralia

Families Genera SpeciesEndemic

species

7

10

18 10 (55%)

40 28 (70%)

The New Zealand brachyuran (Dell, 1968) aswell as the anomuran and natantian (Yaldwyn,1967) forms are oceanic in character with 53%-55% endemism, showing close affinity to the Aus-tralian fauna, and then to the Indo-Pacific ingeneral, and with very little in common withsouthern Africa. Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus), Lith-odes murrayi Henderson, and Eumunida picta Smithseem to be the only benthic species shared. TheNew Zealand and southern African records forPalaemon (N.) tenuipes (Henderson) need to bereexamined.

Very little information is available from SouthAmerica (see Coelho, Ramos-Porto, and Koening,1978). Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), Pilumnoidesperlatus (Poppig), and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus)from southern Africa and South America havebeen discussed above in relation to austral distri-bution. The South American records of Ogyridesoccidentalis (Ortmann) from Brasil, and Ibacus in-cisus (Peron) from Chile are suspect, while thetaxonomic position of the South American Cyclo-grapsus punctata H. Milne-Edwards needs reap-praisal.

Checklist of Southern African DecapodaSOURCES OF DATA.—Apart from the many pub-

lished records on southern African decapods, forcompilation of the present list I have drawn onthe entire holdings and records of the South

NUMBER 338 17

African Museum, many of which are unpub-lished, as well as those of the Department ofZoology of the University of Cape Town. Collec-tions from the Sea Fisheries Branch of the De-partment of Industry donated to the South Afri-can Museum in 1979 have also been processed,and the records included.

NOTES ON THE CHECKLIST.—The author anddate of publication for each species is provided.A recent (often the only) reference to the species'occurrence in southern African waters is pro-vided. As Barnard (1950) mentions many of thespecies, and is often the most useful reference, forbrevity this reference is indicated by the letter"B."

The depth distribution information (in meters)

pertains only to the southern African records.The geographic range within the defined

southern African region is given from west to east.Where no reference to a southern African rec-

ord is given, the record comes from the SouthAfrican Museum's collections but has not previ-ously been published.

No attempt has been made to separate theIndian Ocean or Indo-West Pacific regions. Theseare included under the broad heading of Indo-Pacific.

Although every attempt has been made toensure that the most recently accepted nomencla-ture is used, inaccuracies may still be present,while taxonomic changes will certainly take placeto alter the list.

VjfTlliS

Funchalia

Macropetasma

Metapenaeopsis

Metapenaeus

Parapenaeopsis

Parapenaeus

Species

villosa (Bouvier,1905b)

woodwardi Johnson,1867

africana (Balss, 1913)

andamanensis (Wood-Mason and Al-cock, 1891)

hilarulus (de Man,1911a)

mogiensis (Rathbun,1902)

quinquedentata (deMan, 1907)

philippi (Bate, 1881)

monoceros (Fabricius,1798)

stebbingi Nobili, 1904acclivirostris Alcock,

1905afissurus (Bate, 1881)

Recentreference

Depthdistribution

Family PENAEIDAE

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1977a

B

Champion, 1973

B

B

B

B; Champion,1973

B

BB

B; Kensley,1977a

200-600

250-500

shallow infratidalto 30

300

shallow infratidal

shallow infratidal

100-120

380

24-76

shallow infratidal25-50

70-90

Southern Africandistribution

Agulhas Bank toNatal

off Cape Penin-sula

Swakopmund toNatal

off Mozambique

Natal

Natal

Natal

Natal

East London toMozambique

MozambiqueNatal to Mozam-

biqueNatal

Worldwidedistribution

NE Atlantic,NW AtlanticMediterra-nean, Carib-bean, S At-lantic

Mediterranean,NE Atlantic,S Atlantic

-

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian OceanIndian Ocean

Indo-Pacific


KJCTIHS

Penaeopsis

Penaeus

Trachypenaeus

Species

investigatoris Alcock

and Anderson,1899

balssi Ivanov andHassan, 1976

jerryi Perez Farfante,1979

canaliculatus Olivier,1811

indicus H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1837

japonicus Bate, 1888

latisulcatus Kishin-ouye, 1900

marginatus Randall,1840

monodon Fabricius,1798

semisulcatus de Haan,1849

curviroslris (Stimpson,1860)

Recent

reference

B

Ivanov andHassan, 1976

Perez Farfante,1979

B

B

B

Joubert, 1965

Champion, 1973

B

B

Champion, 1973

Depthdistribution

360

280-450

183-766

shallow infratidal,estuarine


shallow infratidalto 65, estuarine

shallow infratidal

70-320

shallow infratidalto 80, estuarine




Natal

off Zululand

off Mozambique

Knysna to Moz-ambique

Port Elizabeth toMozambique

Knysna to Moz-ambique

Natal

Natal


Natal to Mozam-bique

Natal


Indian Ocean

MozambiqueChannel

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific,Mediterra-nean

Family ARISTEIDAE

Subfamily ARISTEINAE

Anstaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1826) B; Crosnier, 460-920

1978

Ansteus vinlis (Bate, 1888) Kensley, 1977a; 770-1200Crosnier,1978

Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus (John- Kensley, 1977a; 560-1200

son, 1867) Crosnier,1978

mtidus Barnard, 1947 B; Kensley, 490-12601977a


off Natal

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Mediterranean,NE Atlantic,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

NW Atlantic, EAtlanticIndo-Pacific

Subfamily BENTHESICYMINAE

Bentheogennema

Benthesicymus

intermedia (Bate,

1888)

pasithea (de Man,1907)

expansus Kensley,1977a

B; Crosnier,1978

Crosnier, 1978;Kensley,1980a

Kensley, 1977a

1000-2020

600-660

1000-1200

Cape Point toNatal

off Natal

off Natal

NW Atlantic, EAtlantic,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

NUMBER 338 19

Genus

Gennadas

Cryptopenaeus

Haliporoides

Haliporus

Hymenopenaeus

Solenocera

Species

investigatoris Alcock

and Anderson,1899

bouvieri Kemp, 1909

brevirostris Bouvier,

1905acapensis Caiman,

1925

gilchristi Caiman,1925

incertus (Balss, 1927)

kempi Stebbing,1914b

parvus Bate, 1881

propinquus Rathbun,1906

scutatus Bouvier,1906a

tinayrei Bouvier,1906b

valens (Smith, 1884)

catherinae de Freitas,1979

triarthrus Stebbing,1914a

taprobanensis Alcock

and Anderson,1899

vittosus Alcock andAnderson, 1894

halli Bruce, 1966

afncana Stebbing,1917b

algoense Barnard,1947

comala Stebbine,

Recentreference

Kensley, 1977a;Crosnier,1978

Kensley 1971b;Crosnier,1978

Kensley, 1971b

Kensley, 1971b;Crosnier,1978

Kensley, 1971b

Kensley 1971b;Crosnier,1978

Kensley, 1971b


Crosnier, 1978



Kensley, 1971b

Depthdistribution

720-1200

250-3400

0-200

250-1000

200-3400

120-700

250-3400

250-1000

200-3400

200-3400

600-1400

100

Family SOLENOCERIDAE

de Freitas, 1979

B; Crosnier,1978

Crosnier, 1978

Kensley, 1968

Crosnier, 1978;Kensley,1980a

B; Crosnier andForest, 1973

B; Crosnier,1978

B; Crosnier,

310-500

320-720

770-820

2790

625-900

40-170

100

60-100


Transkei to Natal

Cape Point toNatal

off Cape penin-sula

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

off Cape Penin-sula

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Peninsulato AgulhasBank

Mozambique

Table Bay to Na-tal

off Natal

off Cape Penin-sula

off Natal

Table Bay toPort Elizabeth

Port Elizabeth

East London to

Worldwide

distribution

Indo-Pacific

Caribbean,Indo-Pacific

E Atlantic

Caribbean, EAtlantic, In-dian Ocean,Pacific

Southern In-dian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

NE Atlantic,Caribbean,Indo-Pacific

NE Atlantic,NW AtlanticIndo-Pacific

Mediterranean,E Atlantic,Caribbean

-

-

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

W Africa

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean,


Genus Species

1915

membranacea (Risso,

1816)B

Recentreference

1978

Depth

distribution

240-360

Southern African

distribution

Worldwide

distribution

Natal China, JapanTable Bay to Mediterranean,

Agulhas Bank NE Atlantic

Family SICYONIIDAE

Sicyonia

Acetes

Lucifei

Petalidium

Sergestes

Sergio

lancifer (Olivier,1811)

longicauda Rathbun,1906

truncata Kubo, 1949

erythraeus Nobili,

1905anatalensis Barnard,

1955chacei Bowman, 1967orientalis Hansen,

1919penicillifer Hansen,

1919typus H. Milne-Ed-

wards, 1837foliaceum Bate, 1881

obesum (Kr0yer,1859)

arcticus Kr0yer, 1859[= S. sinuolala(Risso, 1816)]

armatus Kr0yer, 1855

atlanticus H. Milne-Edwards, 1830

curvatus Crosnier andForest, 1973

disjunctus Burken-road, 1940

pedmatus Sund, 1920

sargassi Ortmann,1893

creber (Burkenroad,1940)

gardineri (Kemp,1913)

B

B

shallow infratidal

80-600

Family SERGESTIDAE

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971aKensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1971a;Holthuis,1977

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Crosnier andForest, 1973

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1980a

shallow infratidal

shallow infratidal

pelagicpelagic

pelagic

pelagic

250-1260

250-1750

surface to 820

surface to 1000

500-600

surface to 1000

100-1130

surface to 1170

surface to 600

250-500

surface to 1120

Mozambique

East London toNatal

Natal


Durban

off MozambiquePort Elizabeth to

NatalAgulhas Bank to

MozambiqueTable Bay to

Mozambiqueoff Cape Penin-

sula to NatalTranskei to Natal

Saldanha Bay toAgulhas Bank

off Saldanha Bayto Mozam-bique

off Saldanha Bayto Agulhas Ba-sin


Cape Point toNatal

off Saldanha Bayto Natal

off Saldanha Bayto Agulhas Ba-sin

Cape Point toMozambique

off Natal

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Japan

Indian Ocean

-

Indo-PacificIndo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

N & S Atlantic,Indo-Pacific

Austral Seas toAntarctica

NE Atlantic

Mediterranean,N & S Atlan-tic, Indo-Pa-cific

Mediterranean,N & S Atlan-tic

Mediterranean,N & S Atlan-tic

N & S Atlantic

off New Zea-land

N Atlantic,Caribbean

Mediterranean,N Atlantic,Caribbean

off New Guinea

Indian Ocean

NUMBER 338 21

Genus

Odontozona

Spongiocaris

Stenopus

Acanthephyra

Species

grandis (Sund, 1920)

inequahs (Burken-road, 1940)

laminatus (Burken-road, 1940)

potens (Burkenroad,1940)

prehensilis (Bate,

1881)regalis (Gordon,

1939)scintillans (Burken-

road, 1940)splendens (Sund,

1920)talismani (Barnard,

1947)

spinosissima Kensley,1980a

semiteres Bruce andBaba, 1973

hispidus (Olivier,1811)

armata A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1881

brevirostris Smith,1885

corallina (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883)

curtirostris Wood-Ma-son and Alcock,1891

eximia Smith, 1884

gracilipes Chace,1940

indica Balss, 1925pelagica (Risso, 1816)

pnonota Foxton, 1971

quadrispinosa Kemp,1939

Recent

reference

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1971a

Kensley, 1977a

Depth

distribution

90-750

1150-2166

surface to 1416

surface to 900

surface to 1500

surface to 1120

surface to 1120

surface to 600

surface to 500

Family STENOPODIDAE

Kensley, 1980a

Bruce andBaba, 1973

B

150-200

460

intertidal to shal-low infratidal

Family OPLOPHORIDAE

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1968

Kensley, 1968

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1968


Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1968;1980a

770-850

2708

2520-2780

250-1320

700-1200

2269

290-700800-2166

750-1750

250-1700

Southern African

distribution

Saldanha Bay toMozambique

off Natal

off Saldanha Bayto Natal




Agulhas Basin toNatal

off Saldanha Bay

off Natal

off Transkei

off Durban

Agulhas Bank toMozambique

off Natal

off Cape Point

off Cape Point

off Natal

off Natal

off Cape Point

off Nataloff Cape Point to

Natal

off Natal

off Cape Point toNatal


N Atlantic

Java Sea

Indian Ocean

New Zealand

Indo-Pacific

S Atlantic

off Sumatra

MediterraneanN Atlantic

NE Atlantic

_

-

Atlantic, Indo-Pacific

W Indies, In-dian Ocean

N & S AtlanticIndo-Pacific

Indian Ocean,N Atlantic



off Bermuda

Indian OceanMediterranean

N & S Allantic, Indo-Pa-cific

NE Atlantic,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific, SAtlantic


Genus

Hymenodora

Meningodora

Notostomus

Oplophorus

Systellaspis

Candtna

Species

stylorostrata (Bate,1888)

gracilis Smith, 1887

miccyla (Chace, 1940)

mollis Smith, 1882

vesca (Smith, 1887)

auriculatus Barnard,1950

elegans A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1881

gibbosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881

gracilirostris A.Milne-Edwards,1881

spinicauda A. Milne-Edwards, 1883

spinosus (Brulle,1839)

typus H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1837

cristata (Faxon, 1893)

debilis (A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1881)

afncana Kingsley,1882

mlotica (Roux, 1833)

typus H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1837

Recent

reference

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1968

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1969

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1968,1977a

Family

B

B

B

Depthdistribution

870-1700

2200-3000

250-750

840-2160

1120

670-2780

750-1170

1050-1260

750

460-1120

600-640

250-900

150-1500

ATYIDAE

freshwater

freshwater

freshwater


off Natal

off Cape Point

off Natal

off Natal

off Natal

off Cape Point toNatal

off Natal

off Natal

off Natal to Moz-ambique

off Natal to Moz-ambique

off Mozambique

off Natal

off Natal


Natal, Zululand

Orange FreeState, Natal,Transvaal,Mozambique

Natal, Zululand


N Atlantic,Indo-Pacific

N Atlantic, In-dian Ocean

N Atlantic,Caribbean



N & S Atlantic

N & S Atlantic

N Atlantic,Caribbean,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


N & S AtlanticCaribbean,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific



_

N & E Africa,Madagascar,India, ChinaEast Indies,Australia

Indian OceanIslands, Aus-tralia

Nematocarcinus longirostrts Bate, 1888 B; Kensley,1968

parvidentatus Bate, B; Kensley,1888 1968

Family NEMATOCARCINIDAE

1098-3148

2270-3257

off Cape Point

Cape Point toNatal

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

NUMBER 338 23

Genus SpeciesRecent Depth Southern African Worldwide

reference distribution distribution distribution

Family STYLODACTYLIDAE

Parastylodactylus

Stylodactylus

Eupasiphae

Leptochela

Parapasiphae

Pasiphaea

bimaxillaris Bate,1888

slebbingi Hayashiand Miyake, 1968

gilesii Wood-Masonand Alcock, 1893

pugnax de Man, 1916

robusta Stimpson,1860

sulcatifrons Smith,1884

meiringnaudei Ken-sley, 1977a

sivado (Risso, 1816)

Hayashi andMiyake, 1968;Figueira, 1971

Hayashi andMiyake, 1968

300-600

380-600

Family PASIPHAEIDAE

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1969

Kensley, 1969

B

Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1977a

340-770

35


1300

560-1200

140-550


Cape Point toEast London

off Natal

off Durban

off Mozambique

off Cape Point

off Natal

off Natal

Indo-Pacific

-

NE Atlantic,Indian Ocean

Mediterranean,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

N & S Atlantic,IndianOcean, E Pa-cific

-

Mediterranean,NE Atlantic,Indian Ocean

Discias mvitae Bruce, 1976

Family BRESILIIDAE

Bruce, 1976 15 Zululand Kenya, East Af-

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon ,1936

rigens Gordon , 1936

Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE

B intertidal Durban

16 Natal N Atlantic,Caribbean,Indo-Pacific

Leander

Macrobrachium

tenuicornis (Say,1818)

equidens (Dana,1852a)

Family PALAEMONIDAE

Subfamily PALAEMONINAE

Barnard, 1955 intertidal, shallowinfratidal

Holthuis, 1950 freshwater

Mozambique

Natal, Mozam-bique

NE, NW & SWAtlantic,Mediterra-nean, Carib-bean, Indo-Pacific

E Africa, Indo-Pacific


Genus

Palaemon

(Nematopalae-

mori)

(Palaeander)

{Palaemon)

Anchistus

Conchodytes

Coralliocaris

Harpiliopsis

Ischnopontonia

Jocaste

Palaemonella

Peridimenaeus

Species

idella (Hilgendorf,1878)

lepidactylus (Hilgen-

dorf, 1878)petersii (Hilgendorf,

1878)rude (Heller, 1862)

vollenhoveni (Herklots,

1857)

tenuipes (Henderson,1893)

elegans Rathke, 1837

capensis de Man,1897a

concinnus Dana,1852a

debilis Dana, 1852a

pacificus (Stimpson,1860)

custos (Forskal, 1775)

tridacnae Peters, 1852

graminea (Dana,

1852a)beaupresi (Audouin,

1826)depressus (Stimpson,

1860)lophos (Barnard,

1962)lucina (Nobili, 1901)

rotumanus (Borra-

daile, 1898)natalensis (Stebbing,

1915)tridentatus (Miers,

1884)uropodialis Barnard,

1958

Recent

reference

B

B

B

B

Kensley, 1970b

Holthuis, 1950

B; Barnard,1955

Bernard, 1955

Barnard, 1955

B; Barnard,1955

Subfamily

B; Barnard,1958

B; Barnard,1958

B; Barnard,1958

B; Barnard,1958

B; Barnard,1958

Barnard, 1962

B; Barnard,1958

Barnard, 1958;Bruce, 1970

Barnard, 1958

Barnard, 1958

Barnard, 1958

Depth

distribution

freshwater

freshwater

freshwater

freshwater

freshwater

estuarine, shallowinfratidal

shallow infratidal

freshwater

intertidal, estua-rine


intertidal to shal-low infratidal,estuarine

PONTONIINAE

intertidal, shallowinfratidal



intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

800

intertidal

intertidal


Natal, Mozam-bique


Natal, Mozam-bique

Natal, Mozam-bique

Kunene River

Natal

Liideritz, Swak-opmund

Hermanus toPort Elizabeth

Natal, Zululand

Natal

northern S.W.A.to Mozam-bique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Natal

Mozambique

Mozambique


E Africa, Mad-agascar, In-dia

E Africa, Mad-agascar

-

E Africa, Mad-agascar, In-dia

W Africa, CapeVerde Islands

Indo-Pacific,New Zealand

Mediterranean,NE Atlantic,W Africa

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indo-Pacific

NUMBER 338 25

(jenus

Penclimenes(Harpilius)

(Periclimenes)

Gnathophyllum

Hymmocera

Alpheus

Species

brevicarpalis (Schen-kel, 1902)

demani Kemp, 1915

grandis (Stimpson,1860)

seychellensis

Borradaile, 1915commensalis Borra-

daile, 1915delagoae Barnard,

1958imperator Bruce, 1967lanipes Kemp, 1922

americanum Guerin-Meneville, 1855

picta Dana, 1852c

albatrossae (Banner,1953)

architectus (de Man,1897b)

bisincisus de Haan,1849

collumianus Stimpson,1860

crassimanus Heller,1865

dissodontonotus Steb-

bing, 1915edwardsii (Audouin,

1826)frontalis H. Milne-

Edwards, 1837longecarinatus Hilgen-

dorf, 1878lottini Guerin-Mene-

ville, 1831malabariais Fabricius,

1798nonalter Kensley,

1969

notabilis Stebbing,1915

Recent

reference

Barnard, 1958

Barnard, 1955,1958

Barnard, 1955,1958

Barnard, 1958

Barnard, 1958

Barnard, 1958

Bruce, 1967Barnard, 1958

Depthdistribution



intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidalintertidal

Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE

B

B


intertidal

Family ALPHEIDAE

Kensley, 1978

Barnard, 1955

B

Barnard, 1958

B

B

B

B; Kensley,1969

B

B

B

Kensley, 1969;Banner andBanner, 1978

B

30

intertidal

50

shallow infratidal



intertidal to 26

200

86

shallow infratidal

shallow infratidal

175-200


Southern African

distribution

Mozambique


Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

MozambiqueMozambique

Transkei to Moz-ambique

Mozambique

off Durban


Natal


Bree River toMozambique

Still Bay to PortElizabeth


off Mozambique



Mozambique


Mozambique


Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

_


NE & NW Atlantic, IndoPacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Japan, Philip-pines

-


Genus

AreteAthanas

Betaeus

Metalpheus

Racilius

Synalpheus

Species

parvirostris Dana,1852a

rapacida de Man,1908b

rapax Fabricius, 1798strenuus Dana, 1852asulcatus Kingsley,

1878

waltervadi Kensley,1969

indica Coutiere, 1905djiboutensis Coutere,

1897minikoensis Coutiere,

1905nitescens Leach, 1814

jucundus Barnard,1947

paragracilis (Coutiere,1897)

compressus Paulson,1875

anisocheir Stebbing,1915

charon (Heller, 1861)jedanensis de Man,

1911b

Recentreference

B

B

BBB, as A. luciae

Kensley, 1969

Barnard, 1958B

B

B

B

Kensley, 1970a;Chace, 1972

Barnard, 1958

B

BB

Depthdistribution

shallow infratidal


shallow infratidalshallow infratidalintertidal to shal-

low infratidal

38-46





intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 80

shallow infratidalshallow infratidal

to 8


Mozambique


MozambiqueMozambiqueNatal to Mozam-

bique

Walter's Shoal



False Bay to Na-tal

Plettenberg Bayto Natal

Mozambique

Mozambique

Saldanha Bay toNatal



Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian OceanIndo-PacificEastern Atlan-

tic, Indo-Pa-cific

-

Indian OceanIndo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanNE Atlantic

-

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

_

Indo-PacificIndian Ocean

Ogyrides occidentalis (Ort-mann, 1893)

saldanhae Barnard,1947

striaticauda Kemp,1915

Family OGYRIDIDAE

B

B

Barnard, 1958

9-20

Liideritz

Lamberts Bay toFalse Bay

Mozambique

Brasil, W Africa

Indo-Pacific

Family HIPPOLYTIDAE

A lope

Eualus

Exhippolysmata

orientalis (de Man,1890)

ctenifera (Barnard,1950)

makrognathus (Steb-bing, 1921b)

pax (Stebbing, 1915)

tugelae Stebbing,1915

B

B

B

B

B

intertidal

30-80

shallow infratidal

60

2-52


Port Elizabeth toNatal

Durban

False Bay to StillBay

East London toNatal

Indo-Pacific

SeamountVema; Wal-ter's Shoal

_

NUMBER 338 27

Genus

Gelastocaris

Hippolyle

Latreutes

Lebbeus

Leontocaris

Lysmata

Merhippolyte

Saron

Thor

Tozeuma

Nikoides

Processa

Chlorotocus

Species

paronae (Nobili,1905b)

kraussiana (Stimpson,1860)

palliola Kensley,1970b

ventneosa H. Milne-Edwards, 1837

mucronatus (Stimpson,1860)

pygmaeus Nobili,1904

saldanhae (Barnard,1947)

paulsoni Stebbing,1905

kuekenthali (de Man,1902)

vittata (Stimpson,1860)

agulhasensis Bate,1888

calmani Kemp andSewell, 1912

marmoratus (Olivier,1811)

amboinensis (de Man,1888b)

lanceolalum Stimpson,1860

danae Paulson, 1875

aequimana (Paulson,1875)

austroafricana Bar-nard, 1947

bamardi Hayashi,1975

japonica (de Haan,1844)

sulcata Hayashi,1975

Recentreference

B

B


B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

Kensley, 1970a

B

Depthdistribution

4

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

290

260-290

shallow infratidal

intertidal to 18

40-500

500-640

intertidal to 18

intertidal to 10

intertidal

Family PROCESSIDAE

Barnard,1955

Hayashi, 1975

Hayashi, 1975

Hayashi, 1975

Hayashi, 1975

Hayashi, 1975

43

intertidal, estua-rine to 10

50-150

40

30-60

55


Mozambique

Saldanha Bay toEast London

northern S.W.A.

Mozambique


Mozambique

off Saldanha Bay

Saldanha Bay toCape Point




off East London


Mozambique

Mozambique


Mozambique

False Bay to Na-tal

Port Elizabeth

Mozambique

Natal


Indo-Pacific

-

Guinea, Congo

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

-

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

S Angola

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Indian Ocean,S Australia

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

crassicornis (Costa,1871)

Family PANDALIDAE

Kensley, 1969 112-440 Cape Point toNatal

N & S Atlantic,Mediterra-nean, Indo-Pacific


Genus

Heterocarpus

Pandalina

Parapandalus

Plesionika

Species

dorsalis Bate, 1888laevigatus Bate, 1888

tricarinatus Alcockand Anderson,1894

woodmasoni Alcock,1901

brevirostris (Rathke,1843)

richardi (Coutiere,1905)

acanlhonotus (Smith,1882)

longirostris

(Borradaile, 1900)martia (A. Milne-Ed-

wards, 1883)

Recent

reference


Kensley, 1977a

Kensley, 1969

B

Kensley, 1980a

Kensley, 1969

B

B

Depth

distribution

550-920770-920

490-700

347

300-400

460-980

118

80-880

560-900


off NatalEast London to

NatalEast London to

Natal

off Natal



off Natal

East London toNatal



Indo-PacificN Atlantic,


Indian Ocean

MediterraneanN Atlantic

NE & NW At-lantic, Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanN & S Allantic

Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanN & S Allantic, Indo-Pa-cific

Metacrangon

Pontocaris

Pontophilus

Glyphocrangon

jacqueti bellmarleyi

(Stebbing, 1914a)cataphracta (Olivi,

1792)

lacazei (Gourret,1888)

gracilis Smith, 1882

hendersoni, Kemp,1915

megalocheir (Steb-bing, 1915)

occidentals Faxon,1893

pilosus Kemp, 1916sculptus (Bell, 1847)

dentatus Barnard,1926

Family CRANGONIDAE

Crosnier andForest, 1973

Kensley, 1969

Kensley, 1969

B

B

B

Kensley, 1968

Barnard, 1955B; Kensley,

1980a

780-1098

48-118

150-440

360-600



2760-3560

intertidal60-550

Family GLYPHOCRANGONIDAE

Kensley, 1977a 490-800

Cape Point toNatal

Cape Point toNatal

Table Bay to Na-tal

off Cape Penin-sula

False Bay toMozambique


off Cape Point

MozambiqueFalse Bay to Na-

tal


SE Atlantic

Mediterranean,N & S Atlan-tic, IndianOcean



Indian Ocean

_

Indo-Pacific

Indian OceanMediterranean,

E Atlantic,SeamountVema

Zanzibar

NUMBER 338 29

Genus

Homarus

Nephropsis

Nephrops

Polycheles

Stereomastis

Willemoesia

Species

longirostris (Smith,

1882)regalis Bate, 1888sculpta (Smith, 1882)

capensis (Herbst,1792)

atlantica (Norman,1882

stewarti Wood-Ma-son, 1873

andamanica Wood-

Mason, 1892

demam Stebbing,1917b

granulatus Faxon,1893

typhlops Heller, 1862

nana (Smith, 1884)

sculpta (Smith, 1882)

suhmi (Bate, 1878)bonaespei Kensley,

1968

Recentreference

B

Kensley, 1977aKensley, 1968

Depth

distribution

1300-1800

580-9201600-2000

Family NEPHROPIDAE

B; Wolff, 1978

B

B

B; Berry, 1969b

300-900

470

200-460

Family POLYCHELIDAE

B

B

B

B

B

BKensley, 1968

500-3000

900-1200

540

400-1800

600-2400

16002800-3520


off Cape Point

off Nataloff Cape Point

Table Bay toEast London

Natal

Natal


off Cape Pointand WestCoast

off Cape Point

off Natal

off Cape Point

Cape Point toNatal

off Cape Pointoff Cape Point


N Atlantic

Indo-PacificN Atlantic

_

N Atlantic

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

-


Mediterranean,N Atlantic,Indian Ocean



S Atlantic-

Jasus

Linuparus

Palinurus

Palinustus

Panulirus

Family PALINURIDAE

lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)

somniosus Berry and

George, 1972delagoae Barnard,

1926gilchristi Stebbing,

1900mossambicus Barnard,

1926unicomutus Berry,

1979homarus (Linnaeus,

1758)

B; Paterson,1968

B; Berry andGeorge, 1972

Berry andPlante, 1973

Berry andPlante, 1973

B

Berry, 1979

Berry, 1971

intertidal to 90

230-324

250-400

55-102

406

390

1-36

northern S.W.A.to Port Eliza-beth

Mozambique


False Bay to Na-tal

Mozambique

off Natal


-

-

SE Madagascar

-

-

-

Indian Ocean


Genus

Projasus

Puerulus

Ibacus

Panibacus

Scyllarides

Scyllarus

Thenus

Calocans

Enoplometopus

Meticonaxius

Scytoleptus

Callianassa

Species

longipes (H. Milne-Edwards, 1868b)

ornatus (Fabricius,1798)

penicillatus (Olivier,1791)

versicolor (Latreille,

1804)parkeri (Stebbing,

1902)

angulatus (Bate,1888)

carinatus Borradaile,1910

incisus (Peron, 1818)

ursus major (Herbst,1793)

elizabethae (Ortmann,1894)

cultrifer (Ortmann,1897)

martensii Pfeffer,1881)

tuberculatus (Bate,1888)

orientalis (Lund,1793)

alcocki McArdle,1900

barnardi Stebbing,1914a

longispinis McArdle,1901

occidentals (Randall,1839)

longispina (Stebbing,1920)

serripes Gerstaecker,1856

gilchristi Barnard,1947

Recentreference

Berry, 1971

Berry, 1971

Berry, 1971

Berry, 1971

George andGrindley,1964

Berry, 1969a

Berry, 1969a

Depthdistribution

1-18

1-25

1-10

1-16

500-800

280-320

320

Family SCYLLARIDAE

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

Family

B

B

B

B

B

B

90-400

p

60-100

290

25

415

52

AXIIDAE

880-1000

84-180

1400

0-7

100-104

shallow

Family CALLIANASSIDAE

B 30-40

Southern African

distribution





East London toNatal




Natal

Agulhas to Moz-ambique

off Mozambique


Mozambique


off Natal

off Saldanha Bay

off Cape Point

Natal

off East London

Natal, Mozam-bique

False Bay to Na-tal


Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Australia, Chile

Indo-Pacific

St. Helena Is.

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

-

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

_

Indian Ocean

NUMBER 338 31

Callichirus

Species

kraussi Stebbing,1900

natalensis Barnard,1947

pixn Kensley, 1975

rotundicaudata Steb-bing, 1902

australis Kensley,1974a

adamas (Kensley,1974a)

Recent

reference

B

B

Kensley, 1975

B

Kensley, 1974a;de Saint Lau-rent and leLoeuff, 1979

Kensley, 1974a;de Saint Lau-rent and leLoeuff, 1979

Depth

distribution

estuarine, interti-dal

•>

estuarine

intertidal to 75

10-180

intertidal to 35

Southern African

distribution

Olifants Rivermouth to Na-tal

Natal

Kowie River est-tuary


Liideritz to Sal-danha Bay

Orange Rivermouth to Oli-fants Rivermouth


-

_

-

Ceylon

-

West Africa,Cape VerdeIs.

Family UPOGEBIIDAE

Upogebia

Pomatocheles

africana (Ortmann,1894)

assist Barnard, 1947

capensis (Krauss,1843)

cargadensis Borra-daile, 1910

savignyi Strahl, 1862

balssi Stebbing,1914a

estuarine, interti-dal to 18

intertidal

estuarine, interti-dal to 80

•>

40-80

Family PYLOCHELIDAE

B 160-260

Olifants River toNatal

False Bay to Na-tal

Liideritz to Mos-sel Bay

Natal

Plettenberg Bayto Mozam-bique

off East London

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean,Red Sea

Aniculus

Calcinus

aniculus (Fabricius,1793)

strigatus (Herbst,1804)

elegans (H. Milne-Edwards, 1836)

gaimardii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1848)

laevimanus (Randall,1839).

latens (Randall,1839)

Family DIOGENIDAE

B intertidal

B intertidal

B intertidal

B intertidal

B intertidal

B intertidal

Mozambique

Mozambique

Natal



Mozambique

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Genus

Cancellus

Clibanarius

Dardanus

Diogenes

Paguristes

Species

makrothrix Stebbing,1924

clibanarius (Herbst,1791)

euryslernus Hilgen-dorf, 1878

longitarsus (de Haan,1849)

padavensis de Man,1888a

striolalus Dana,1852a

virescens (Krauss,1843)

arrosor (Herbst, 17%)

asper (de Haan,1849)

deformis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1836)

euopsis (Dana,1852a)

gut talus (Olivier,1811)

megistos (Herbst,1804)

pedunculatus (Herbst,1804)

setifer (H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1836)

avarus Heller, 1865

brevirostris Stimpson,1859c

costatus Henderson,1888

custos (Fabricius,1798)

extricatus Stebbing,1910

senex Heller, 1865

agulhasensis Forest,1954

bamardi Forest, 1954

engyops Barnard,1947

Recentreference

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

MacNae andKalk, 1958;Barnard, 1955

B

B

Barnard, 1955

B

B

Forest, 1954

Forest, 1954

Forest, 1954

Depthdistribution

34-80


intertidal





intertidal to 180

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 48

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 90

intertidal

intertidal


55

intertidal

intertidal


False Bay to EastLondon


Mozambique













Mozambique



Mozambique

False Bay to PortElizabeth


Agulhas Bank


Liideritz to FalseBay


-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanN & S Allantic, Carib-bean, Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

_

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

_

Indo-Pacific

_

_

_

NUMBER 338 33

Genus

Paguropsis

Species

gamianus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1836)

macrotrichus Forest,1954

lypica Henderson,1888

Recentreference

Forest, 1954

Forest, 1954

Depthdistribution

intertidal to 24

90-155

110-230


Liideritz to Plet-tenberg Bay

False Bay to Na-tal

Natal


Indo-Pacific

Coenobita

Family COENOBITIDAE

cavipes Stimpson, B1859c

rugosus H. Milne-Ed- Bwards, 1837

terrestrial

terrestrial



Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Family PAGURIDAE

Anapagurus

Nematopagurus

Pagurus

Pylopagurus

Spiropagurus

Troglopagurus

hendersom Barnard,1947

gardineri Alcock,1905b

squamichelis Alcock,1905b

cuanensis (Thompson,1844)

deprofundus (Steb-bing, 1924)

placens Stebbing,1924

spinulentus Hender-son iftfifi

zebra Henderson,1893

liochele Barnard,1947

ungulatus (Studer,1882)

spiriger (de Haan,1849)

jousseaumi Bouvier,1897

B

Kensley, 1969

Kensley, 1969

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

Barnard, 1955

MacNae andKalk, 1958

20-800

138

347

intertidal to 45

500-600

40-110

50-200

60-102

20-75

100

intertidal

intertidal

Lamberts Bay toNatal

off Natal

off Natal


off East London

False Bay toKnysna

Mossel Bay toNotol

Agulhas Bank toEast London

Orange Rivermouth to PortElizabeth

Table Bay

Mozambique

Mozambique

-

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

MediterraneanN Atlantic,W Africa,SeamountVema

-

-

-

Indo-Pacific

-

W Africa, ?Caribbean

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Parapagurus dimorphus (Studer,1882)

kilbumi Kensley,1973

Family PARAPAGURIDAE

B; de Saint 160-440Laurent, 1972

Kensley, 1973 270

Saldanha Bay toAgulhas

Off Natal

S Atlantic


Genus Species

pilosimanus bouvieri

Stebbing, 1910

Lithodes

Neolithodes

Paralomis

murrayi Henderson1888

asperrimus Barnard1947

capensis Stebbing,1905

roeleveldae Kensley,1980a

Recent

reference

de Saint Lau-rent, 1972

Depth

distribution

260-800

Family LITHODIDAE

Kensley, 1977b 600-800

B 900-1200

B 1000-3000

Kensley, 1980a 625-900

Southern African

distribution

Table Bay toEast London

Liideritz, off Na-tal

Saldanha toCape Point

off Cape Point

off Natal


subantarctic is-lands

Family GALATHEIDAE

Galathea

Munida

Munidopsis

dispersa Bate, 1858

elegans Adams andWhite, 1848

intermedia Liljeborg,1851

incerta Henderson,1888

sanctipauli Hender-son, 1885

semoni Ortmann,1894

bamardi Kensley,1968

chacei Kensley, 1968dasypus Alcock, 1894rostrata (A. Milne-

Edwards, 1880)simplex (A. Milne-

Edwards, 1880)

B

B

B

B

B

B

Kensley, 1968

Kensley, 1968Kensley, 1977bB

B

26-100

intertidal to 8

intertidal to 84

17-500

500-1050

180

2960-3320

30009001800-3000

500-2000







off Cape Point

off Cape Pointoff Nataloff Cape Point

off Cape Point

MediterraneanN Atlantic,W Africa

Indo-Pacific


Philippines

N Atlantic

Indian Ocean

-

-Indian OceanN Atlantic, W

IndiesN Atlantic, W

Indies

Uroptychus edwardi Kensley,1980a

foulisi Kensley,1977b

mtidus (A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1880)

simiae Kensley,1977b

undecimspinosa Ken-

sley, 1977b

Family CHIROSTYLIDAE

Kensley, 1980a 900

Kensley, 1977b 1000-1200

Kensley, 1977b 160-920

Kensley, 1977b 400-450

Kensley, 1977b 360-430

off Natal

off Natal

East London toNatal

off Natal

-

-

N Atlantic, WIndies

_

off Natal

NUMBER 338 35

Genus

Eumunida

Hapaloptyx

Species

picla Smith, 1883

difjicilis Stebbing,1920

Recent

reference

Kensley, 1980b

Depth

distribution

800

Southern African

distribution

off Liideritz, Sea-mount Tripp

Worldwide

distribution

NW Atlantic,Cuba, Flor-ida, Aus-tralia, NewZealand

Family INCERTAE SEDIS

B 180 off Natal

Family PORCELLANIDAE

Pachycheles

Petrolisthes

Polyonyx

Porcellana

Porcellanella

natalensis (Krauss,

1843)alobatus Laurie, 1926coccineus (Owen,

1839)lamarcki (Leach,

1820)militaris (Heller,

1862)ornatus Paulson, 1875virgatus Paulson,

1875biunguiculatus (Dana,

1852c)dehaanii Krauss, 1843

delagoae Barnard,1955

serratifrons Stimpson,1859c

streptocheles S t imp-

son, 1859cquadrilobata Miers ,

1879atriloba White, 1852

B

Kensley,Kensley,

B

Kensley,

BBarnard,

B

B

Barnard,

Barnard,

B

B

B

1970a1970a

1969

1955

1955

1958

intertidal


intertidal

intertidal


intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 63

•>

27




Mozambique


Mozambique


Mozambique

Mozambique

False Bay to Na-tal

Mozambique

Mozambique

Indian Oceanand Red Sea


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indo-Pacific

-

-

Indo-Pacific

-

Australia

Indo-Pacific

Family RANINIDAE

Cosmonotus

Ranina

Raninoides

Albunea

grayi Adams andWhite, 1848

ranina (Linnaeus,1758)

bamardi Sakai, 1974

symnista (Linnaeus,1758)

B

B

Sakai, 1974

Family

B

112


68

ALBUNEIDAE

intertidal

Natal Indo-Pacific

Natal to Mozam- Indo-Pacificbique

Natal Japan

Natal Indo-Pacific


Genus

Emerita

Hippa

Species

austroafricanaSchmitt, 1937

adactyla Fabricius,1787

B

B

Recent

reference

Family

Depth

distribution

HIPPIDAE

intertidal

intertidal

Southern African

distribution



Worldwide

distribution

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Homolodromia bouvieri Doflein, 1904

Family HOMOLODROMIIDAE

Kensley, 1977b 500-700

Family DROMIIDAE

off Natal Indian Ocean

Conchoecetes

Cryptodromia

Cryptodromiopsis

Dromia

Dromidia

Dromidiopsis

Eudromidia

Exodromidia

arttficiosus (Fabricius,1798)

bullifera Alcock,1900b

canaliculata Stimp-son, 1859c

monodous Stebbing,1918

oktahedrous Stebbing,1923

tomentosa (Heller,1861)

bituberculata (Steb-

bing, 1920)lepidota Barnard,

1947mortenseni Kensley,

1978spongiosa (Stimpson,

1859c)dormia (Linnaeus,

1763)aegibotus Barnard,

1947dissothrix Barnard ,

1947hirsutissima (La-

marck, 1818)umdentata (Riippell,

1830)comuta Barnard,

1947frontalis (Henderson,

1888)hendersoni (Stebbing,

1921a)bicomis (Studer,

1882)spinosa (Studer,

1882)

B

Kensley,

Kensley,

B

B

Barnard,

B

B

Kensley,

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

Kensley,

B

B

1970a

1970a

1955

1978

1978

24-100

intertidal

intertidal

shallow infratidal

intertidal

intertidal

32-44

100

100

intertidal to 160



30-36


shallow infratidal


300

40-50

240-400

160-300


Mozambique

Mozambique

Durban

Durban

Mozambique

False Bay to EastLondon

East London

Durban

Luderitz to EastLondon

Table Bay to Na-tal

Saldanha Bay toPort Elizabeth


Luderitz to FalseBay

Mozambique


Agulhas Bank



Luderitz to FalseBay

Indo-racihc

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

-

Indian Ocean

-

-

-

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

-

-

_

Indo-Pacific

_

_

_

_

_

NUMBER 338 37

Genus

Petalomera

Pseudodromia

Speodromia

Dynomene

Corycodus

Cymonomus

Xeinostoma

Homola

Homolochunia

Paromola

Latreillia

Latreillopsis

Species

laevis Kensley, 1970awilsom (Fulton and

Grant, 1902)integrifrons Hender-

son, 1893latens Stimpson,

1859crotunda (MacLeay,

1838)spinosissima Kensley,

1977btrepidus Kensley,

1978platyarthrodes (Steb-

bing, 1905)

pilumnoides Alcock,

1900b

Recentreference

Kensley, 1970aB

B; Barnard,1955

B

B

Kensley, 1977b

Kensley, 1978

B

Depthdistribution

intertidal70-170

intertidal

20-110

12-350

380-550

80

40-60

Family DYNOMENIDAE

B 100


MozambiquePort Elizabeth to




off Natal

off East London


Natal


-Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

-

Indian Ocean

-

-

-

Indo-Pacific

Family TYMOLIDAE

disjunctipes (Steb-bing, 1910)

trifurcus Stebbing,1920

eucheir Stebbing,1920

barbata (Fabricius,1793)

B

B

B

B

120-200

80-600

160-200

Family HOMOLIDAE

92

orientals Henderson, B 150-2001888

valdivtae Doflein, Kensley, 1980a 600-650

1904alcocki (Stebbing, Kensley, 1980a 80-800

1920)cuvieri (Risso, 1816) Kensley, 1980a 800

pennifera Alcock,

1900abispinosa Henderson, B

1888multispinosa Ihle, B

1912

Family LATREILLIDAE

B 70

160

260

Natal

Mossel Bay toNatal

Natal

False Bay toAgulhas Bank


off Natal

Liideritz to Moz-ambique

off Liideritz


East London toNatal

Natal

Indian Ocean

Japan

Mediterranean,N Atlantic,Caribbean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Mediterranean,NE Atlantic,W Africa

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean


Genus

Dorippe

Ethusa

Calappa

Malula

Mursia

Arcania

Cryptocnemus

Ebalia

Heteronucia

Ixoides

Species

frascone (Herbst,1785)

lanata (Linnaeus,1767)

sinespina Kensley,1969

Recentreference

Family

Sakai, 1976

B

Kensley, 1969

Depthdistribution

DORIPPIDAE

415

48-90

138-350


Mozambique


off Natal


Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanW Africa

-

Family CALAPPIDAE

gallus (Herst, 1803)

hepatica (Linnaeus,1758)

japonica Ortmann,1892

lophos (Herbst, 1785)

banksii Leach, 1817

lunaris (Forskal,1775)

arrnata de Haan,1837

cristimanus de Haan,1837

B

B

B

B

B

B

B; Grindley,1961

B

48-72


58

40-72



290

18-360


Durban to Moz-ambique





Mozambique


Indo-Pacific,CaribbeanW Africa

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Family LEUCOSIIDAE

septemspinosa (Fabn-cius, 1787)

undecimspinosa deHaan, 1841

holdsworthi Miers,1877a

agglomus Barnard,1955

glomus Stebbing,1921a

pondoensis Barnard,1955

tuberculata Miers,1881

tuberculosa (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873a)

angulata Barnard,1947

comutus Mac-Gilchrist, 1905

B

Kensley,

Barnard,

Barnard,

B

Kensley,

Barnard,

B

B

1978

1955

1955

1978

1955

24-50

120-160

intertidal

intertidal

50-60

60-300

48-100

160-370

intertidal

35


Natal

Mozambique

Mozambique

Natal

East London toNatal


East London toNatal

Mozambique

Natal

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

-

Indian Ocean

W Africa,Azores, Ca-nary Is

Indo-Pacific

-

Indo-Pacific

NUMBER 338 39

enus

Leucisca

Leucosia

Myra

Nursilia

Philyra

Species

squalina MacLeay,1838

marmorea Bell, 1855

whitei Bell, 1855fugax (Fabricius,

1798)

dentata Bell, 1855globosa (Fabricius,

1798)globulosa H. Milne-

Edwards, 1837platychira de Haan,

1841punctata Bell, 1855

scabriuscula (Fabri-cius, 1798)

B

B

BB

Recent

reference

Kensley, 1969B

B

B

B

B

Depth

distribution

intertidal

415

54intertidal, estua-

rine

11024

24-108

26

intertidal to 50

intertidal

Southern African

distribution



NatalMozambique

NatalNatal

East London toNatal



Mozambique


-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-PacificIndo-Pacific,

Mediterra-nean


Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

-

Indian Ocean

Family MAJIDAE

Acanthophrys

Acanthonyx

Achaeopsis

Achaeus

Antilibinia

Camposcia

Cyphocarcinus

Cyrtomaia

Dehaanius

Doclea

Dorhynchus

longispina (de H a a n ,

1839)lunulalus (Risso,

1816)spinulosus Stimpson,

1858abamardi Griffin, 1968lacertosus Stimpson,

1858aspinosissimus Grifiln,

1968smithii MacLeay,

1838retusa Latreille, 1829

capreolus (Paulson,1875)

murrayi Miers, 1886dentatus (H. Milne-

Edwards, 1834)quadridentatus

(Krauss, 1843)scutellatus (MacLeay,

1838)undulatus Barnard,

1947muricata (Herbst,

1788)thomsoni Thomson,

1873

B

Kensley, 1970b

B

Griffin, 1968B

Griffin, 1968

B

B

Barnard, 1955

BB

B

B

B

B

B

40-50

intertidal

40-200

72intertidal to shal-

low infratidal100


shallow infratidal

intertidal

280intertidal to 290



intertidal

48

200-240

Mozambique

northern S.W.A.

Cape Point toNatal

East LondonNatal to Mozam-

biqueEast London

Plettenberg Bayto Natal


Mozambique

MozambiqueSaldanha Bay to

NatalEast London to


biqueNatal to Mozam-


biqueoff Cape Point

Indo-Pacific

Mediterranean,W Africa

-

-Indo-Pacific

-

-

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean


Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

-

Indo-Pacific



Genus

Eurynome

Huenia

Hyastenus

Inachus

LambrachaeusMacropodia

Maja

Menaethwps

Menaethius

Micippa

Naxioides

Paratymolus

Platymaia

Pleistacantha

Rochima

Schuophrys

Scyramathia

Species

aspera (Pennant,1777)

elegans Stebbing,1921a

proteus de Haan,1839

spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872

dorsettensis (Pennant,1777)

guentheri (Miers,1879b)

ramifer Alcock, 1895falcifera (Stimpson,

1858a)formosa Rathbun,

1911rostrata (Linnaeus,

1761)

capensis (Ortmann,1894)

squinado (Herbst,1788)


fascicularis (Krauss,1843)

natalensis Barnard,1955

monoceros (Latreille,1825)

philyra (Herbst,1803)

lhalia (Herbst, 1803)

hirta A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1865

pubescens Miers,1879b

turbynei Stebbing,1902

moseleyi (Miers,1886)

natalensis Kensley,1977b

aspera (H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1834)

hertwigi Doflein,1900

Recentreference

B

B

B

B

B

B

Kensley, 1977cB

B

B

B

Kensley, 1970b

Barnard, 1955

B

Barnard, 1955

B

B

B

B

Barnard, 1955

Kensley, 1977b

B

Kensley, 1977b

B

B

Depthdistribution

50-290

160

intertidal to 160

intertidal to 54

100-250

16-200

166-90

intertidal to 80


7-110

shallow infratidal

intertidal




intertidal




200-880

260

360-420


280-460


Cape Point toNatal

Natal



False Bay to Na-tal


NatalSaldanha Bay to

East LondonEast London to

MozambiqueFalse Bay to Port

Elizabeth


northern S.W.A.

Mozambique




Mozambique


Mozambique

Mozambique


Natal

Natal


Cape Point toAgulhas Bank


N & S Atlantic

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

MediterraneanN & S Allan

tic

Indian Ocean-

Indian Ocean


-


-

Indian Ocean

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

_

Indian Ocean

_

Indo-Pacific

_

NUMBER 338

Genus

Xenocaranus

Species

tuberculatus Whi te ,1847b

B

Recentreference

Depthdistribution

60

41

Southern African Worldwidedistribution distribution

Transkei to Natal Indo-Pacific

Family HYMENOSOMATIDAE

Elamena

Hymenosoma

Rhynchoplax

Trigonoplax

mathaei (Desmarest,1825)

orbiculare Desmarest,1825

bovis Barnard, 1947

unguiformis (de Haan,1839)

B

B; Barnard,1955

B

B




100


S Angola toMozambique

Bree River toNatal

Natal

Indian Ocean

? Zanzibar

-

Indo-Pacific

Family PARTHENOPIDAE

AclaeomorphaDaldorfia

Eumedonus

Parthenope (Platy-lambrus)

erosa Miers, 1877bhorrida (Linnaeus,

1758)granulosus Mac -

Gilchrist, 1905quemvis Stebbing,

1917a

BB

Barnard, 1955;Kensley, 1969

B

48intertidal



NatalNatal

Mozambique



Indo-Pacific

-

Gomeza

Naulilocorystes

bicornis Gray, 1831

ocellata (Gray, 1831)

Family CORYSTIDAE

B 20

B


shallow infratidal Walvis Bay toto 75 Port Elizabeth

Indo-Pacific

Atelecyclus

Kraussia

Trachycarcinus

rotundatus (Olivi,1792)

rugulosa (Krauss,1843)

glaucus Alcock andAnderson, 1899

Family ATELECYCLIDAE


intertidal to 10

Kensley, 1980a 625-900



off Natal

Mediterranean,N Atlantic


Geryon species

Family GERYONIDAE

B 230-1520 Cape Point toEast London

N & S Atlantic

Caphyra alata Richters, 1880unidentata Lenz, 1910

Family PORTUNIDAE

Crosnier, 1962Crosnier, 1962


DurbanNatal



Genus

Carupella

Coelocarcinus

Charybdis

Gonioneptunus

Lissocarcinus

Lupocyclus

Macropipus

Ovalipes

Parathranites

Podophthalmus

Portunus

Species

natalensis Lenz andStrunck, 1914

foliatus Edmondson,1930

annulata (Fabricius,1798)

cruciala (Herbst,1794)

helleri (A. Milne-Ed-wards, 1867)

natator (Herbst,1794)

orientalis Dana,1852b

smithi MacLeay,1838

variegata (Fabricius,1798)

africanus Shen, 1935

laevis Miers, 1886orbicularis Dana,

1852btugelae Barnard,

1950australis Guinot,

1961iridescens (Miers,

1886)punctatus (de Haan,

1833)orientalis Miers, 1886

vigil (Fabricius,1798)

argentatus (White,1847a)

gladiator Fabricius,1798

granulatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

hastatoides Fabricius,1798

orbicularis (Richters,1880)

pelagicus (Linnaeus,1758)

sangumolentus

(Herbst, 1783)tuberculatus Roux,

1830

Recentreference

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

Crosnier, 1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Kensley,1977a

B; Crosnier,1962

B

BB

B; Crosnier,1962

Guinot, 1961

Grindley, 1961

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

Grindley, 1961;Crosnier,1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Crosnier, 1962

Depth

distribution

55

15

intertidal


intertidal to 40

intertidal

intertidal to 50

pelagic


48-126

shallow infratidalintertidal

72


pelagic

intertidal to 90

200


54

10-100

intertidal


26



shallow infratidal


Natal

Natal

Natal

Port Alfred toMozambique




Natal




Natal

S Angola to Lii-deritz


Walvis Bay toNatal

Natal

Natal



Natal


Natal


Mossel Bay toMozambique

S Angola to Lii-Hpritz


Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

-


Indian Ocean,Australia

-

Indo-Pacific

Peru, Chile, Ar-gentina,

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean


Indo-Pacific

Mediterranean,INI Atlantis*

W Africa

NUMBER 338 43

Genus

Scylla

Thalamita

Xaiva

Actaea

Actaeodes

Actumnus

Atergatis

Atergatopsis

Carpilius

Species

serrata (Forskal,1775)

admete (Herbst, 1803)

bouvieri Nobili, 1906

crenata (Latreille,1829)


forestiCrosnier, 1962integra Dana, 1852b

picta Stimpson,1858b

prymna (Herbst,1803)

sima H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1834

biguttala (Risso,1816)

mcleayi (Barnard,1947)

Recentreference

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B; Crosnier,1962

B

Crosnier, 1962B; Crosnier,

1962B; Crosnier,

1962B; Crosnier,

1962B; Crosnier,

1962B; Kensley,

1970bB; Crosnier,

1962

Depthdistribution


intertidal

intertidal to 55


intertidal


intertidal

intertidal



48-54


Plettenberg Bayto Mozam-bique


Mozambique






biqueMozambique

northern S.W.A.to Port Alfred



Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

-


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Mediterranean,Atlantic

W Africa, In-dian Ocean

Family XANTHIDAE

cavipes (Dana,1852b)

depressa (White,1847a)

polyacantha (Heller,1861)

savignyi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

variolosa Borradaile,1902

hirsulissima (Ruppell,1830)

tomentosus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

setifer (de Haan,1835)

y7on</itr(Linnaeus,1767)

roseus (Ruppell,1830)

signata (Adams andWhite, 1848)

convexus (Forskal,1775)

maculatus (Linnaeus,1758)

B

B

Kensley, 1970a

B

B

B; Sakai, 1976

B; Sakai, 1976

B

B

B

B

B

B

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

50-130

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

Mozambique


Mozambique


Natal

Mozambique







Natal

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Genus

Chlorodiella

Cymo

Dairoides

Epixanthus

Eriphia

Etisus

Eurycarcinus

Halimede

Hypocolpus

Lachnopodus

Leptodius

Liomera

Lophozozymus

Lybia

Medaeops

Memppe

Muropanope

Species

laevissima (Dana,1852b)

nigra (Forskal, 1775)

andreossyi (Audouin,1826)

margaritatus Steb-bing, 1920

frontalis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

scabricula Dana,1852b

sebana (Shaw inShaw and Nod-der, 1803)

smithii MacLeay,1838

electro (Herbst, 1801)laevimanus Randall,

1839)natalensis (Krauss,

1843)delagoae Barnard,

1954diverticulatus (Strahl,

1861)subacutus (Stimpson,

1858b)exaratus H. Milne-

Edwards, 1834)voeltzkown (Lenz,

1905)bella (Dana, 1852b)

cinctimana (White,1847a)

monticulosa (A.Milne-Edwards,1873b)

dodone (Herbst, 1801)

Uptochelis (Zehntner,1894)

plumosa Barnard,1947

tessellata (Latreille,1812)

granulosus Haswell,

1882)rumphii (Fabricius,

1798)tuberculidens (Rath-

bun, 1911)

Recent

reference

Kensley, 1970a

Barnard, 1955

Barnard, 1955

Guinot, 1967

B

B; Sakai, 1976

B; Sakai, 1976

B

BB

B

Barnard, 1954

B

B

Guinot, 1964

Guinot, 1964

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

Guinot, 1964

Depth

distribution

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

180

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal


intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

50-90

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal


Mozambique


Mozambique








Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique







Mozambique

Natal

Mozambique


Mozambique

Mozambique


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indian Ocean

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

_

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

NUMBER 338

enus

Neoxanthias

Ozius

Panopeus

Paractaea

Parapilumnus

Paratergatis

Phymodius

Pilodius

Pilumnoides

Pilumnopeus

Pilumnus

Platypodia

Pseudoliomera

Pseudozius

Quadrella

Sphaerozius

Tetralia

Trapezia

Xanthias

Species

impressus (Lamarck,1818)

rugulosus Stimpson,1858b

africanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867

rueppellii (Krauss,1843)

pisifer (MacLeay,1838)

longimanus Sakai,1965

ungulatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

areolata (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

perlatus (Poppig,1836)

indica (de Man,1887a)

longicomis Hilgen-

dorf, 1878minutus de Haan,

1835trichophoroides de

Man, 1895vespertilio (Fabricius,

1793)granulosa (Riippell,

1830)speciosa (Dana,

1852b)caystrus (Adams and

White, 1848)boopsis Alcock, 1898coronata Dana, 1852b

fomasinii (Bianconi,1851)

nitidus Stimpson,1858b

glaberrima (Herbst,1790)

cymodoce (Herbst,1801)

digitalis Latreille,1825

guttata Riippell, 1830rufopunctata (Herbst,

1799)lamarckii (H. Milne-

Edwards, 1834)

Recentreference

B

B

Barnard, 1954

B

B

Kensley, 1969

B

B

B

Barnard, 1955

B

B; Forest andGuinot, 1961

B

B

Kensley, 1969

B; Sakai, 1976

B

Sakai, 1976B

Barnard, 1955

B

B

B

B

BB

B

Depthdistribution

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 40

86-118

intertidal

intertidal


intertidal

intertidal

intertidal to 170

intertidal

intertidal

38-46

intertidal

intertidal

intertidalintertidal to 170

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal


intertidal



Natal

Natal


Table Bay toMozambique

Natal



northern S.W.A.to False Bay




Mozambique

Mozambique

Walter's Shoal




biqueMozambique

Mozambique



Natal


biqueMozambique


Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

S Angola, WAfrica

Indo-Pacific

W Africa

Japan

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Panama, ChileNE Atlantic

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Indo-Pacific


Genus

Xanlho

Zosimus

Zozymodes

Carcinoplax

Eucrale

Goneplax

Litocheira

Ommatocarcinus

Pilumnoplax

Typhlocarcinodes

Xenophthalmodes

Species

quinquedentatus

Krauss, 1843aeneus (Linnaeus,

1758)xanthoides (Krauss,

1843)cavipes (Dana,

1852b)

longimanus (de Haan,1833)

sulcalifrons (St imp-son, 1859b)

angulata (Pennant,1777)

kingsleyi (Miers,1885)

pulcher Barnard,1950

heterochir (Studer,

1882)piroculatus (Rathbun,

1911)brachyphallus Bar-

nard, 1955moebii Richters, 1880

Recentreference

B

B

B

Kensley, 1970a

Depthdistribution

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

Family GONEPLACIDAE

B

B

B

B

B

B

Barnard, 1955

Barnard, 1955

B

80-130

48

11-116

100-600

56

200-620

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

Southern African Worldwidedistribution distribution

Transkei to Natal Indian Ocean

Transkei to Natal Indo-Pacific

East London to Indo-Pacific

MozambiqueMozambique Indo-Pacific





Natal


Mozambique

Mozambique

Mozambique

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Mediterranean,N Atlantic

S Atlantic,Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Hexapus

Thaumastoplax

stebbingi Barnard,1947

spiralis Barnard,1950

Family HEXAPODIDAE

B 30-70

B intertidal

Agulhas Bank toPort Elizabeth

St. Helena Bayto Natal

Family GRAPSIDAE

Cyclograpsus

Geograpsus

Grapsus

Ilyograpsus

punctatus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837

stormi de Man, 1895

fourmanoiri Crosnier,1965

tenuicrustalus (Herbst,1783)

grapsus (Linnaeus,1758)

paludicola (Rathbun,1909)

B

B; Crosnier,1965

Crosnier, 1965


terrestrial

intertidal

Crosnier, 1965; intertidalKensley,1970c

Kensley, 1970b intertidal

Crosnier, 1965 intertidal

Liideritz to Natal



Plettcnberg Bayto Mozam-bique

northern S.W.A.

Mozambique

Chile, JuanFernandez

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

tropical Atlan-tic

Indian Ocean

NUMBER 338

KJCTIUS

Metopograpsus

Pachygrapsus

Percnon

Plagusia

Planes

Pseudograpsus

Ptychognathus

Sarmatium

Sesarma

(Parasesarma)

(Chiromantes)

(Chiromantes)

(Perisesarma)

(Sesarma)

(Sesarma)

(Parasesarma)

(Sesarma)

Varuna

Species

messor (Forskal,

1775)thukuhar (Owen,

1839)minutus A. Milne-Ed-

wards, 1873b

plicatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)

polyodous Stebbing,1921a

transversus (Gibbes,1850)

planissimum (Herbst,1804)

chabrus (Linnaeus,1758)

depressa tuberculataLamarck, 1818

cyaneus Dana, 1851

minutus (Linnaeus,1758)

elongalus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873b)

onyx Alcock, 1900acrassum Dana, 1851

catenata Ortmann,1897

elongatum A. Milne-Edwards, 1869

eulimene de Man,1897a

guttatum A. Milne-Edwards, 1869

longipes Krauss, 1843

meinerti de Man,1887b

plicatum (Latreille,1806)

smithii H. Milne-Ed-wards, 1854

litterata (Fabricius,1798)

tomentosa Pfeffer,1889

Recentreference

B; Crosnier,1965

Crosnier, 1965

Kensley, 1970a;Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B

Kensley andPenrith, 1973

B; Crosnier,1965

B

Crosnier, 1965

Crosnier, 1965

B

B; Crosnier,1965

BB; Crosnier,

1965

B

Crosnier, 1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

Barnard, 1955

Depth

distribution

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

100

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

pelagic

pelagic

intertidal



intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal


estuarine



Mozambique

Mozambique


Natal

northern S.W.A.


northern S.W.A.to Natal



west coast


NatalNatal to Mozam-

bique

Bree River toNatal

Mozambique


Mozambique



Natal

Natal

Bree River toMozambique

Natal

4 /

Worldwide

distribution

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

-

Mediterranean,W Africa,Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Chile, Aus-tralia, NewZealand, Sea-mount Vema

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific,SE Atlantic

Atlantic

Indo-Pacific


-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean


Genus

Cardisoma

Species

camifex (Herbst,17%)

Recent Depth

reference distribution

Family GECARCINIDAE

terrestrial

Family PINNOTHERIDAE

Ostracotheres tridacnae (Riippell, B shallow infratidal

1830)Pirmixa penultipedalis Stimp- Barnard, 1955 intertidal

son,1859bPinnotheres dqfleini Lenz and B 40

Stmnck, 1914globosus Jacquinot B shallow infratidal

and Lucas, 1853Xanthasia murigera White, 1846 B intertidal

Gecarcinautes

Potamonautes

(Obesopolamon-

autes)

(Orthopotamon-

autes)

(Potamonautes)

brincki Bott, 1960

obesus obesus (A.

M i Ine- Ed wards,1868a)

depressus depressus

(Krauss, 1843)sidneyi (Rathbun,

1904)

bayonianus bayonianus

(Brito-Capello,1864)

bayonianus dubius

(Brito-Capello,1873)

per la t us (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)

warrem Caiman,1918

Family POTAMONAUTIDAE

Bott, 1960 riverine

obesus calcaratus (Gor- Bott, 1955don, 1929)

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Bott, 1955

Southern African

distribution

Durban to Moz-ambique

False Bay to Na-tal

Mozambique


Mozambique


Cape Peninsulato Agulhas

Zimbabwe, Moz-ambique, NETransvaal

Zimbabwe, Moz-ambique

Natal

E & N Cape, Na-tal, Zululand,

.Zimbabwe,Malawi

Okavango River,S.W.A.

Kunene River,SWA.

Cape Province toS.W.A., Bot-swana, OrangeFree State,Transvaal

N Cape, OrangeFree State,Transvaal

Worldwide

distribution

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Cleistostoma algoense Barnard,1954

Family OCYPODIDAE

Barnard, 1954; intertidalGuinot and


NUMBER 338 49

KjtflUS

Dotilla

Macrophlhalmus

Ocypode

Paradeistostoma

Tylodiplax

Uca

Species

edwardsii MacLeay,1838

fenestrata Hilgendorf,1869

boscii Audouin, 1826

convexus Stimpson,1859b

depressus Riippell,1830

grandidieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1867

latreillei (Desmarest,1822)

ceratophthalmus

cordimanus Desma-rest, 1825

cursor (Linnaeus,1758)

madagascariensis Cros-nier, 1965

ryderi Kingsley, 1880

fossula Barnard, 1955

blephariskios (Steb-bing, 1924)

annulipes (H. Milne-Edwards, 1852)

gaimardi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1852)

inversa (Hoffman,1874)

marionis (Desmarest,1825)

urvillei (H, Milne-Edwards, 1852)

Recentreference

Crosnier,1963

B; Guinot andCrosnier,1963

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

Barnard, 1954

Barnard, 1954;Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

Barnard, 1955;Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

Kensley, 1970b

Crosnier, 1965;McLachlan,1980

Sakai and Tiir-kay, 1976

Barnard, 1955;Guinot andCrosnier,1963

B; Guinot andCrosnier,1963

B; Crosnier,1965

Crosnier, 1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

B; Crosnier,1965

Depthdistribution

intertidal



intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal


intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal

intertidal





Durban



Mozambique

Mossel Bay toMozambique

Mozambique

northern S.W.A.



Mozambique








-

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific


Madagascar

East Africa,Zanzibar

-

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Retropluma planiforma Kensley,1969

Family RETROPLUMIDAE

Kensley, 1969 175-200 Natal


Genus

Palicus

Cryptochirus

Hapalocarcinus

Species

sexlobatus Kensley,

1969

coralliodytes Heller,1861

marsupialis Stimpson,1859a

Recent Depth

reference distribution

Family PALICIDAE

Kensley, 1969 110

Family HAPALOCARCINIDAE

Sakai, 1976 intertidal

Barnard, 1955 intertidal

Southern African

distribution

Mozambique

Durban

Mozambique

Worldwide

distribution

-

Indo-Pacific

Indo-Pacific

Literature Cited

Adams, A., and A. White1848. Crustacea. In A. Adams, editor, The Zoology of the

Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang; under the Command ofCaptain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., F.R.A.S., F.G.S.during the Years 1843-1846, 60 pages, 13 plates.London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve.

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