on the terrestrial mollusks of the viti islands.—part i

164 MR. A. GARKETT ON T H E TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

might, by some, be considered of generic importance. Having only two examples, which appear to be females, I prefer for the present to place the species in the genus Anupera , and to name it

ANAPERA FIMBRIATA.

Smoky yellow, with the abclornen brown ; the epistome pale yellow. The general form aiid structure are those of A. pallida, hut it is considerably larger. The antennse are beset with long black hairs. There is a thick fringe of long black erect hairs or set% in front of the eye, continued posteriorly along the orbits of the eyes on each side of the middle opaque disk. This fringe exists, but in a much less degree, ill A. pullida. The triangle on the vertex is longer than broad, and not transverse as in A. pallida. There is a series of black set= along the posterior margin of the head. The thorax is of the same form and with the same black set= as in A. pallida, but they are stronger and more conspicnous. The rudimen- tary wings are pale smoky yellowish, about as long as broad, with numerous black set= on the costal area. The abdomen is somewhat round, clothed with black hair, which is very short 011 the disk, long at the sides and apex ; the base has a transverse arcuate fold ; the disk is deeply impressed, but, altliongh this is nearly the same in both examples, it is possibly the result of contraction. The legs are as in A. pallida, beset with black hairs.

Length 5 lines.

7. On the Terrestrial Mollusks of the Viti Islands.-Part I. By ANDREW GARRETT, of Huahinc, Society Islands. (Communicated by Mr. JOHN 1-1. PONSONBY, F.Z.S.)

[Received December 8, 1886.1

The Viti Archipelago, which comprises nearly 200 islands and islets, is embraced in an area between 178" 20' W. and 17G" 55' E. long., and between 15" 47'and 19' 13' S. let. The islands are disposed in three groups-the eastern, intermediate, a i d western. The former, which is only partially explored, comprises niany small islands, mostly of coralline tormation, which have been more or less upheaved through volcanic agencies. All the land-shells, so far as known, com- prise the same genera of small shells as obtained in the Tonga and Samoa Islands. The middle portion, which includes all the large islands, though imperfectly explored, have so far yielcled many large and interesting species. Besides the same genera which occur in the eastern group, we find the genera Placostglus, Nanina, D@lomrnatina, Pupina, and Lagocheilue. All these genera, which are represented by peculiar species, connect the land-shell fauna with Bustralasia and the East Indies. The latest and most interesting discovery is the occurrence of the Asiatic genus Layocheilus, which was found by Mr. Liardet in Gomea Island. The western or Assawa group,

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F T H E VITl ISLANDS. 165

which is unexplored, will undoubtedly produce many species not found in other parts of the archipelago.

Tho genus Succinen, so widely diffused throughout the Pacific islands, has not been discovered in these islands.

The earliest known Vitian endemic land-shells are Bulimus mallen- tus, B. fulguratirs, and Hel ix nouleti, all described in the ‘ Revue Zoolopique ’ i n 1842, the two former by Dr. Jay, and the latter by Le Guillou. In 1Sl5, Philippi published Helix p f e i f e r i , and Mr. Hinds described Pythia pollex. I n 1846 and 1847, Dr. Gould added several new species, all discovered by the U. S. Exploring Expedition. I n 1855 Dr. Pfeiffer described H e l i x Zudersi ; and six years later Dr. Dohrn added the beautiful Bulimus seemanni to the list of endemic species. I n 1865, Prof. Mousson published, in the ‘Journal de Conchpliologie,’ a complete list of the Viti land and freshwater shells, based on the collections made by Dr. Griiffe and added several new species to the 16 peculiar to the group. I n 1870 Mousson’s second paper appeared in the same Journal, and lie described 26 new species, all collected by Dr. Griiffe. I n the meantime several new species were published by H. Adams, Crosse, Angas, and Semper.

I n the ‘American Journal of Conchology ’ for 1871, and in the ‘ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ’ for 1873, the writer published descriptions and figures of 20 new species, all personally collected. The latest discovery, so far as I can ascertain, is six new minute species collected by Mr. Liardet, which were published and fignred with their animals i n the ‘ Proceed- ings ’ of the Zoological Society for 1876.

Out of 146 species now recorded 85 are peculiar to the group. The I46 species are embraced in 32 genera, 1 1 of which are operculated.

Genus HELICARION, FQrussac. 1 . HELICARION VITRININA.

Nanina? vitrinina, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, 1). 100, pl. 5.

G‘ Shell yellow, thin, translucent, perforated, discoidal ; whorls 44, last subangulated, the others slightly convex ; beneath shining and well rounded ; aperture slightly oblique, h a t e ; suture marginate ; peristome thin ; columella slightly expanded over the perforation. Animal black, with mantle covering two thirds of the shell, which it cannot enter a t first.”

‘‘ Found in moist situations under logs, in this respect resembling Vitrinn.” (Linrde t . )

This species, which is unknown to me, was found at Taviuni Island.

2. HELICARION RAMSAYI.

Nanina 1 mmsayi, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, p. 100, pl. 5 .

“ Shell similar to N . ? vitrinina. When the animal is out I can

figs. 2, 2n .

fig. 3.

detect 110 difference,

I66 M R . A. GARRETT ON TIlE TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

‘‘ Animal red ; a protuberance on the back rests aKainst the shell anteriorly. I t piogresses by raising its liead, extrnding the body, and placing the posterior part of the foot down in the form of an arch, la i~ds its body gradually fiorn the head ; and this arch thus appears to recede until the caudal eutretnity is reached. Like N. ? vitrinitm, it cannot a t first recede iuto its shell; and like ’ri’trina strangei of A l i i ~ t r a I i a , it lea\es rnuciis in its track of‘ a brick-red colour. I Iub . Taviuni.” (Liardet.)

Genus NANINA, Giay. 1. NANINA NOULCTI.

Helix nouleti, Le Giiillou, l3ev. Zool. 1542, p. 137 ; Pfeiffer, N o n . IIel. i. p. G 9 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 77. fig. 40.5.

Naizincc n o d e t i , Grav, Cat. P i i l r n . 1). 121 ; (Trochomorphrc) Albers, Dte Hel. p. 60, 2nd etl. ; h l o u ~ s ~ n , Journ. de Coiicli. 1865, p. 190 ; (Xes to ) 1870, 1). 1 1 1 ; (Hetniplecta) Pactel, Czt. Conch. 1873, p. 85; Schnieltz, Cat. N u s . GodeEroy, v. p. 90 (“Zonites” in error).

I Ie l ix (Nanina) ~~ztbi- icr i ta , Gonld, l’roc. Uost. SOC. Nat. IIist. 154G, p. 178 ; Pt’rifer, AIoii. IIel. i . p. G9.

Nunina rubticuta, Goillil, Expl. Eup., Shells, p. 29, fig. GG ; Gray, Cat. Pulni . p. 129 ; (I lerniplecta) 11. & A. Adam, Gen. h4oll. ii.

So far as known, this species is restricted to Viti Levu and Ovalau Islands, where it is not uucoiiirnoii IJeneath decaying vegetatiou in forcats.

I t may be distinguished by its large size (2.5 to 30 millim. in diam.), dark chestniit-colorir, glol)ose-turl)in;ite form, sliining surface, and chiefly by the spiral itnpressed stria: on the body-whorl.

p. 223.

2 . NANINA CASCA.

HrZix colua, Gonlil, l’roc. Bost. SOC. Nat. IIist. 1816, p. 179 ;

Nuttina ralua, Gray, Cat. Pulm. p. 129. Nuuinu casca, Gould, Expl. E\p., Shells, p. 31, fig. 69 ; 13. & A.

Adams, Gen. Moll. ii. p. 2 2 2 ; (OroFia) Albers, Die Hel. 2nd ed. p. 59 ; Iflousson, Journ. de Conrh. 1805, p. 191 ; (Xestn) 1870, p. 11 2 ; (ThaZussiu) I’aetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 84 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mu?. Godrff. v. p. 90.

IIeZix aitirnsis, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zoo]. SOC. 1855, p. 108, pl. 32. fig. 9 ; Alalak. Bltitt. 1857, p. 35 .

A-anina vitiensis (Xes tu ) , Pfeiffer, Vers, p. 120. l h r y p u s cuscus, Semper, Phil. Lanilmoll. i. p. 37, pl. 1. fig. 17. This species, like 3. n o d e t i , is confined to Viti Levu and Ovalau.

Like all the Viti specics, lives beneath decaying leaves and niider rotten wood.

A rather solid, subconoid, more or less depressed, smooth, shining species, of a pale corneous colour, sometimes with a slightly ruddy spire aiid perforated base.

Pfeiffer, & h i . Hel. i. p. 41.

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F THE VITI ISLANDS. 167

Gould’s first naine beiug prcoccu- Rlnjor diarn. 15 to 2 I millim.

3. NANINA PPICIFFEIII.

IIe1i.v pjie/f,<ri (Nuninrc.?), Philippi, Arch. f. Nat. 1815, p. 6 2 ; Chcrriiiitz, 21id ctl. IIclis, pl. 31. figs. 9-10 ; Pfeiffer, hlon. €Id. i. 11. 54 ; Itrere, Conc!~. Icon. 110. 1282, pI. IPS.

Nuninn l?feiferi, Gray, Cat. I’nliii. p. 94 ; ( X e s t u ) Albers, Die IIel. p. 59 ; 11. 8 A. A t I : m a , Gen. Moll. ii. p. 2 2 3 ; ( . X e s t n ) l’feiff‘er, Vers, p. 120 ; (Xes tu ) Riloussou, Jouru: de Conch. 1870, p. 111.

Ilelix l w i d a , Goald, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nnt. IIist. lt)-IG, p. 179 ; Pfeiffer, MOIL IIel. i. p. 47.

Nuninn Im%fu, Goultl, Expl. Esp., S1-iells, p. 31, fig. G8 ; Gray, Cat. l’ulm. p. 128 ; (Ilev+lec.tn), II. & 8. hclams, Geu. Moll. ii. p. 223 ; [Zes tn ) Pactel, Cat. Coiich. 1873, p. 85 ; Mousson, Journ. de Couch. 1865, p. 190; Sclrmcltz, Cat. Mus. Godi:ff. v. p. 71.

I received mauy examples of this species from a missionary who collected them at Kaiitavu. Dr. Grliffe obtained speciniens in Viti Levu.

Tliougli I 1mvc followed Pfeiffer and Morissou iu referriug this species to pfe i t f e r i , still I have some doubts as to their beiiig the same species. Pfrifer and Desliayes assig:i it to China, and Curning erroneously cites the Saiid\vicli Iblands as it.s liiilitat,.

1 lioiigh nearly as large as noulet i , it may be distinguished by its light colour, more depressed whorls, aud smooth surface.

4. NANINA FRAGILLIMA.

A‘unina ( X e s t a ) frayillimn, Alousson, Jouru. de Conch. 1870, p. 11 2; pl. 7. fig. 3 ; (Microcystis) Pactel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 84.

HeZm froyillitna, Pfeiffer, Mon. Xel. vii. p. 91. I am indebted to Dr. Griiffe for csamples of this species which he

obtaiued in the interior of’ Viti Levu. It is also recorded from Kautavu.

I t is a thin, transparent, shining, pale horn-coloured species with a dellressed spire a i d strongly couves base. The last whorl is coii- spicuously angulated. Major cliarn. 14 uiillim.

pied by Lowe for n Illatlc.ir;i Helix, he chaiigcd it to casca.

, I

5. NANINA SIMILIS.

&ripus sirnilis, Senipcr, Phil. Landmoll. i. p. 37, pl. 1. fig. 18,

Nanina (Euripus) sirnilis, Sclimeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. V. p. 91. Helix sirnilis, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vii. p. 112. This species, which i s uuknowu to me, was collected by Dr. Griiffe

011 Viti Levu. I t is described as a solid, orbicular, depressed shell of a fuscous

horti-colonr, with irregular fiiscous lines ; whorls 5;, the last one obsoletely aiigulatecl just above the periphery. Diarn. 17, height

pl. 2 . fig. 91.

millim.

168 M R . A . GARRETT ON THE TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

6. NANINA HOYTI.

Nanina hoyti, Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 221, pl. 19. fig. 6 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 91.

I l e l i x hoyti, Pfeiffer, Mon. Ilel. vii. p. 525. Common in Tavinni, Gomea, and Lanthala. I t may be distinguished from N. cuscu by the pale brownish

sutural band, darker spire, tawny colrrmella, and the coarse wrinkles jubt beneath the suture.

7. NANINA OTAKE .a. Naninn otareai!, Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch., 1872, p. 222,

fIe& otarea, Pfeiffer, Non. IIel. vii. p. 524. I discovered numerous examples of this fine species on the north-

west portion o f Vanua Eevu. I t is about the same size as iV. nouleti, and like that species has

coarse s t r iz of growth and faint spiral lines, the former being larger and much more uiiihrm in size, and the latter on our species only discernible by thc aid of a lens. I t may he at once distinguislied by the fulvous-brown colniir m d the large circular pale cream-white 1)aqal patch. The last whorl is 31so more depressed than in N . n o d e t i . Major diani. 29 millim.

Major diam. 19 to 20 millim.

pl. 19. fig. 8 ; Schineltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 9 1.

8. NANINA POLITA.

Naninn nouleti, var. polita, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865,

A few examples found beneath dead leaves on the eastern part of

I t is smaller, more depressed, smoother, more polished, and the T h e base is also darker, and

I t may, I think, take

p. 190.

Viti Levu.

whorls are flatter than i n N. nozdeti. there is not the least trace of‘ spiral strie. specific rank.

9. NANINA TENELLA.

Nanina tenella, Garrett, Anier. Journ. Conch. 18T2, p. 222, pl. 19. fir. 7.

Y

Helix tenella, Pfeiffer, Mon. IIel. vii. p. 525. Not uncnmmon in forests on the south-eastern part of the Vanua

Levu and Kioa. I t is a fragile, smooth, polishctl, transparent, whitish horn-coloured

species shaped lihe N . hoyti, b u t oiily I 7 niilliin. in diameter. Its paler colour and thinner transparent tpxture will a t once separate it frorn N. casca.

10. NANINA GODEFFROYANA.

Nanina godefroyana, Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 223,

N e l i z godefroyana, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vii. p. 524. This fine large species was taken in considerable numbers in the

pl. 19. fig. 19.

interior of the north-east portion of Vaiiua Levu.

1887.1 MOLLUSKE ON THE V I T I ISLANDS. 169

It may at once be recognized by its large size (38 millim. in diameter), depressed turbinate form, yellowish or light brownish horn-colour with a wide fulvous-brown sutural band.

11. NANINA ASSAVAENSIS, 1 1 . sp. Shell imperforate, turbiiiately globose, indistinctly striated with

rather coarse lines of growth, smooth, shining, subpellucid, smoky horn-colour ; whorls 5 , slightly coiivex, the last one obscurely angulated just above the periphery ; aperture oblique, orbicular- luniform ; peristome thin, straight ; columella abbreviately reflected over the axis of the shell.

Diam. 20, height 12 millim. Abundant beneath dead leaves at Naviti Island, one of the Assawa

group. Genus MICROCYSTIS, Beck.

1. MICROCYSTIS UNISULCATA.

Nanina unisulcata, Mousson, Jonrn. de Conch. 1865, p. 191 ; (Il’licroc!ysfis) 1870, p. 113; (2%alassina) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 8 5 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mns. CfodefT. v. p. 90.

Helix unisulcnta, Pfeiffer, illon. I-Iel. v. p. 80. Helix (Petasia) unisulccrta, Pnetel, Cat. Conch. p. 96. Nelix Zaqueata, Baird, Brenchley, Cruise of the ‘ Curagoa,’ p. 446,

This peculiar species is widely diffused throughout the group, and,

I t is the only species, so far as kuown, which exhibits a sculptured The unisulcated whorls and more or less noclulous columella

pl. xl. figs. 8, 9.

like all the Viti species, is found beneath decaying vegetation.

surface. will readily distinguish it.

2 . MICROCYSTIS KIOAENSIS.

Nanina Rioaensis, Garrett, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1873, p. 257,. pl. 3. fig. 71 (“ kimensis ” in error).

Nanana? taviuniensis, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, p. 99, PI. 5.

This very distinct species only occurred to my notice in the mountain-forests of Kioa Island. Xfr. Liardet’s Nanina iavi~niensis, which he obtained at Taviuui and Gomeil, differs only froin our species in having the base miiiutely perforated.

I t may be distinguished by its depressed globose form, yellowish horn-colour, deep rounded body-wliorl, aiid the prominent columellar fold.

figs. 1, l a , b.

3. MICROCYSTIS NODULATA.

Nunina (Microcystis) nodrilata, Mowson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 114, pl. 7. fig. 4 ; (Thalassio) Pnetel, Cat. Conch. ed. 1873, p. 85 .

Helix nodulata, Pfeiffer, Mon. €Id. vii. p. 67. Discovered by Dr. Griiffe on Vanua Balavo, one of the Windward

Islands. I ts chief characters are its depressed globose form, brilliant horn-

170 MR. A. GARRETT ON THE TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

colour, and noddous columella. I t is more depressed and paler than the preceding species.

4. MICROCYSTIS EXCRESCENS.

N m i n a (2lfiwocystis) escrescens, Mousson, Joiira. de Conch. 1870, p. 115, pl. 7. fig. 5, 1571, 1). 8 ; Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, 1’. 8 4 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 91.

I5eZi.x excresceizs, l’kiffer, Mon. IIel. vii. p. 67. Microcystis excrescens, Garrett, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1881,

p. 381. This small species was found by Dr. Griiffe on the eastern portion

of Viti Levu a i d on several islauds in the Toiiga group. I discovered it on oiie of‘the Cook’s Islands.

I t is nearly of the same size and shape as M. noduZrita, with the colrrmellar fold of AT. hionensis, but is much smaller tlinn the latter species.

5. MICROCYSTIS UI’OLENSIS.

Nanina upolensis, hlouseon, .Journ. de Couch. 1863, p. 166 ; (Ni- crocystis) 18ti9, p. 327 ; 1870, var. onentaensis, p. 113 ; (’f’halatwia) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 55; Sclimeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 90.

€Je/ix upolensis, Pfeifftir, Mon. Hel. v. p. 108. Ilelicopsis zrpolensis, Pease, l’roc. Zool. Roc. 1S71, p. 475. Ilelix samoe~~sis, 13airtl, in Ureneliley, Cruise of the ‘ Ciuagoa,’

p. 447, pl. X I . figs. 12, 13. Thia species was first described from specimens collected hy Dr.

Griiffe on Upoln, one of the Sarnoa Islands, and I subsequently discovered it on the islands of Vaiiua Balavo and Onetita.

A very smooth, liighlp polished, orl)iciilar, depressed, pale horn- coloured species with a slight coluinellar nodule.

6. MICROCYSTIS SDRORIA.

Helix sororia, Cox, Proc. Zool. soe. 1870, I). 83 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vii. p. 60.

Thisspecies, which is unltnown to me, was discovered by Mr. Brazier a t Ovalau.

A small imperforated, thin, smooth, sliiuing species of the depressed-globose form, with five moderately coiivex whorls, of a uiriform yellowish-olive colour, and with a simple columella.

7. 11 I cno CYSTIS FI RMOSTYL A .

Nanina firmostyla, MOUSSOII, Journ. de Conch. 186.5, p. 166; (Microcystis) 1871, p. 7 ; Sclimeltz, Cat. Rlus. Godeff. v. I). 9 0 ; (Microcystis) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 83.

Helix$rmostyla, Pf’eiffer, Mon. Hel. v. p. 70. Helicvpsis firmostyla, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 475. Obtainecl by Dr. GIaffe at Tikombia, one of the Windward Islands.

He also found it generally distribukd throughout t.he Tonga Islands. A minute, depressed-coiivex, highly polished, horn-coloured

species, shaped like 11.1. updensis, but only half as large. The columella is sometimes slightly nodulous.

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F T H E V I T I ISLANDS. 171

8. MICROCYSTIS PLRPOLITA.

Nanina (lllicrocyst is) perpol ita, hlousson , Journ . de Conch. 1 8 (i 9, p. 32F, pl. 14. fig. 1 ; 1870, p. 113 ; 1871, 11. 8, var. solirlu; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Gotleff. v. p. 90.

Ilelicopsis perpolita, Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, p. 475. Ilelixpevpolitu, l’ieiffer, Rlon. IIel. sii. p. 65. ‘Phis species was found by Dr. Ginffe on Viti Levu. I t also

I t is a convesly depres~ed, pc’llucid, liiglily polished, yellowish inhabits Tonga and the Samoa Islands.

horn-colourcd species with 4& whorls.

9. fifICROCYSTIS STEARNSEANA, Sp. IlOV.

Shell small, imperforated, depressedly globose, pellucid, smooth, shining, luteous horn-colour ; spire coiivexly rounded, apex depressed ; suture linear, narrowly margined ; whorls 5 , flatly couvex, last one riot descendiiig in front, rounded, base convex ; aperture nearly vertical, roundly h a t e ; peristorne straight, acute, regularly curred, margins remote, not converging ; rolumella with a white, prominent, nearly horizontal tooth-like fold ; within the base of the aperture, a short distance from the margin, are two sublamelliforrn white teeth, the upper one the larger, crest-like, the smaller one close to the coliiriiellar fold.

Major diam. 3, height 2 millim. IIa6. Viti Islaiids. Several examples fonnd beneath rotten wood at Vanua Bnlnvo,

and a few were obtained under dead leaves at Uea or Wallis Island.

It is closely allied to Nuninn: (Gastrodontn) ens;fera, Rfousson, a Samoan species, wliich is smaller, more depressed, the body-whorl being subangulated and more depressedly rounded. I name tliis singular species after my friend R. E. C. Stearns, Esq.

Genus TROCHONANINA, Nousson.

1 . TROCHONANINA SAMOENSIS.

Kanina samoensis, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 165. IIeZix samoen:is, Pfriffer, Mon. 1Iel. v. p. 70. Zoni tes (Conuln) samoensis, Nousson, Journ. de Conch. 18G9,

p. 331 ; 1870, p. 116 ; 1871, p. 1 0 ; Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1673, p. 36 ; Sclimeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 90.

Helix day;, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, p. 101, pl. 5. fig. 7. Microcystis samoensis, Garrett, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1881,

p. 384. This minute species is generally diffused throughout the group.

I t is also common in the Tonga, Cook’s, and Samoa Islaiids, and rare in the Marquesas. Under decaying vegetation.

I t is a perforated, thin, depressed, turbinated, reddish or brownish horn-coloured species, with five strongly convex whorls, the last one angulated on the periphery.

172 M R. A . GARRETT O N THE TERRESTRIAL [Fro. 15,

2. TROCHONANINA MICROCONUS.

n‘anina microconus, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 192 ; (Thalnssia) Paetel, Cat. Conch. p. 85.

Helix microconus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Ael. v. p. 94. Zonites (Conulus) microconus, Moiisson, Jonrn. de Conch. 1870,

p. 117 ; Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 8G ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 90.

Helix pinnoclcii, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, p. 100, pl. 5.

Widely diffused over the group, and, like the preceding, this species lives beneath decaying vegetation. I t occurs also in the Tonga and Samoa I slaii ds.

-4 minute, perforated, conical, greyish horn-coloured species with 5% spirally striated whorls, the last one acutely angulated and the base sir,ooth.

figs. 5 , ria.

3. TROCHONANINA BARKASI.

Ilelix bndiasi, Liardrt, Proc. Zool. SOC. 187(i, 1’. 100, pl. 5 .

This species, which is quite unknowri to me, was found at Taviuni I y hlr. Liardet.

“ Shell minute, trochiforrn, very minutely perforated, colour golden horny ; whorls 54, convex, roughly and irregularly striated, traiwwsely rilhetl, last whorl acutely carinated ; beneath slightly convex ; s t t i e radiating-from the perforation ; aperture oblique and triangular.”

f ig. 6.

IIe describes it RS follows :-

4. TROCHONANINA CALCULOSA.

Helix calculosa, Gould, Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 48, pl. 5 . fig. 63 ;

Zonites (Conulus) calculosus, H . st A. Adams, Gen. Moll. ii.

Nanina calculosa, Gray, Cat. Pulm. p. 126 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus.

Trochonanina calculosa, Garrett, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

A few specimens were found on the leaves of the I)nshes at Malolo I t is also commoii and widely diffused throughout the

Numerons examples occurred to my notice at

A riiirrnte, globose-pyramidal species, with nn angiilated body- Colour pale

Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. iii. p. 41.

p. 116.

Godeff. v. p. 9 1.

1883, p. 22.

Island. Society Islands. Dominiqne, one of the Marquesas Islands.

whorl, reflexed columella, and punctiform perforation. corneous ; whorls 5 , convex.

Genus ZONITES, Montfort.

1. ZONITES VITIENSIS.

Zonites vitiensis, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865 p. 193;

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F T H E VITI ISLANDS. 173

(Hyalina) 1870, p. 115 ; Paetel, Cat. Conch, 1873, [I. 86 ; Schmeltz,, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 90,

Helix citiensis, Pfeiffer, Mon. I-Iel. v. p. 1 4 . Common beneath dead leaves in forests near the sea-shor?, ant1

widely distributed throiigh the group. 9 small, umbilicated, depressed, thin, pellucid, pale horn-colonred

species, about the size arid shape of Hyalina arborea, Say, a North- Arnerican species.

2. ZONITES PLICOSTRIATUS.

Zonites plicostriatus, Moussou, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 116. He&x plicostriuta, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vii. p. 197. Inhabits the south coast of Vito Levu and Kantavu ( G r u f e ) . A little smaller than the preceding species, from which it differs

in having the body-whorl angulated, and the sculpture consists of fine rib-like striE and spiral impresed lines.

3. ZONITRS SCHMELTZIANA, sp. nov. Shell umbilicated, depressed, orbicular, pellucid, shining, obscurely

striated, pale corneous, sparsely speclded with white; spire depressedly convex ; suture slightly impressed ; whorls 5, nearly flat, regularly increasing, last one not deflected in front, depressedly rounded, upper portion depressed and angulated ; base convexly rounded ; umbilicus small ; aperture oblique, orbicular-lunate ; peristome straight, sharp, with remote margins ; columella slightly reflected.

Major diam. 9, height 4 millim. Hub. Malolo Island. Common beneath decaying vegetation, iu forests near the sea-

shore. Nearly twice the size o f 2. vitiensis ; this species has the, spire

more depressed, the whorls flatter, aud may at once be recognized by its angulated body-whorl.

Genus TROCHOMORPHA, Albers.

1 . TROCHOMORPHA MERZIANOIDES.

Helix (Trochomoryha) merzianoides, Garrett, Proc. Phil. h a d . Nat. Sci. 1873, p. 257, pl. 3. fig. 7 2 .

A rare species inhabiting Vanua Levu, where I found a few examples adhering to the trunks of trees.

Its large size ('22 millini.), honey-yellow base, chestnut-brown upper turfiwe, which is mottled with radiating lines and spots of a luteoils-white colour, will a t once distinguish it. The upper surface is coloured nearly the same as T. merziana, a Solomon-Island species ; but the present species may be separated by the absence of the basal band, darker colour, the narrower last whorl, and its narrower aperture. 2'. merziana also differs in having the upper margin of the peristome inflected.

174 M R . A. GARRETT O N T H E TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

2. TROCHOMORPIIA ABROCIIROA, Crosse. IIeIix abrocltroa, Crosw, Joarn. de Conch. 1868, p. 1 T G ; 1870,

p. 101, pl. 1. fig. 2 ; PfciWer, Mon. Hel. vii. p. 207. Trochornorpha (Discus) nbrochroa, Mousson, Journ. de Conch.

1870, p. 123, var. pseudoplanorbis. This species, which appears to be somewhat scarcc, was found by

me under dead wood in the mountain-forests on Kina Island. Dr. Griiffe obtaiiied it ori Vit.i Levu.

Easily distinguifihed by its thin texture, uniform lnteous horn- colour, depressed form, sharp crowded strize, and the angle on the margin of the wide urnhilicus. Diam. 12 millim.

3. TROCHOMORPHA LUDERSI.

Hel ix ludersi, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1855, p. 112 ; (Yidena) Vers, p. 132 ; Mon. IIt.1. iv. p. 183.

Trochomorphu (Discus) ludersi, Mousson, Journ. de Conch.

This fine species is abundant on the trunks of trees at Gnau (Angau) Island. I received a few specimens from a native at Ovalau, where Margillivray obtained the type examples.

I t s large size (19 rnillim.), light horn-colour, aud, more particularly, the four iiarrom reddish-brown hands, two above and two iti the base, will separate it from any other Vitiau species.

1870, p. 122 (part.).

4. TROCHOMORPHA TAVIUNIENSIS.

Helix taviuniensis, Garrett, hmer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 2 8 3 ( I ‘ Tacinrziensis ” typ. err.) ; Schrneltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 95 ; Pfeiffer, A h . Hel. vii. p. 574.

Pound in numbers on the trunks of trces in damp forests on Taviinii.

A little smaller and mare depressed than T. ludersi, with n single narrow chestnut-brown submarginal band, both above and benettth, on a tawny-yellow ground. Out of over 300 specimens one only was without the I)ands, and was more depresscd and paler than the type. The bands are darker a i d wider than iu the preceding species.

5. TROCHOMORPHA TUMULUS.

TIelirc tzimzrlus, Gould, Proc. l30st. SOC. NRt. Hist. 1836, p. 17.5 ; Expl. Exp., Sliells, p. 62, fig. 63 ; Pfeiffvr, Mou. Ilel. i . p. 85 ; &1ousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 194, 1870, p. 120 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. !14.

Nuninu titmulus, Gray,Cat. P d m . p. 128 ; (Trochomorphn) Albers, Die €1~1. 2nd ed. p. 60 ; (Discus) Paetel, Cat. Couch. p. 8.5.

This species, which is unknown to me, iulrabits Viti Levu. Schmeltz cites Samoa as one of its habitats, which is probably a mistake, as Prof. Mousson does not meution it in his paper 011 tlie Samoan land-shells.

I t is described as a small (14 millim.), solid, yellowish, pyramidal

1 S87.1 MOLLUSKS O F T H E VITI ISLANDS. l i 5

shell, with a flattened base, 6-7 whorls, the last one obtuse and aiigulated at the periphery.

6. TROCIIOMORPHA PLANOCONUS.

Trociiomorpha plaiiocows, Mousson, MS., Museum Godeffroy, 1855.

Shell umbilicated, trochiform, rather solid, scarcely shining, rugosely striated ; stria: rude, irregular, oblique ; colour chestnnt- black, varigated with fulrous, gradually passing into dark chestnut- brown; apex obtuse ; base dark honey-yellow, with a darker line near the keel ; spire elevated, conoid, with plariulate outlines ; suturo linear, narrowly margined ; whorls 7 , slightly convex, slowly and regularly increasing, last one acutely carinated ; keel compressed and rupose ; urribilicus s in~l l , deep ; aperture diagonal, subrhomobidal- luniforrn ; peristorne above the keel acute aud gently arched, below the keel thickened and concave.

Major diam. 19, height 10 millim. Ouo Island. Two exatnples received from the Museum Godeffrog. As com-

pared with T. merzianoides, it is much more conic:tl, darker coloured, smaller, and the umbilicus is not so large.

7. TROCHOKORPHA FESSONIA.

Helix (l’rochomorpha) fessonia, Angas, Pror. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 626, pl. 48. fiz. 7 ; Brazier, l’roc. Zool. Snc. 1871, p. 322(part .) ; Sclinieltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 94 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. IIel. vii.

l’lochornorph a (Discus) transara fa, var. depresso-striata, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 121.

I received several esamples of this species from Kaiitavii Island, where Mr. Brazier obtained the type specimens. On trees. Dr. Griffe found it (Iare) in the interior of Viti Levu.

Its most essential rliaracters are its rattier small size (12 millini.), depressed trochifurm shape, crowded irregular plicate strize, brownish colour, and pale riiarkirigs. The spire is convexly-conical ; whorle 6, with narrow white margiiis. Base rather flat, corneous, with a reddish-brown band next to the acute white keel. Umbilicus small.

p. 201.

8. TROCHOMORPHA TRANSARATA.

Hel ix transaruta, hloussou, Journ. de Conch. 186.5, p. 194 ; Pfeiffer, AIoi i . IIel. v. p. 183 ; Sclimeltz, Cat. Alus . Godeff. iv . p. 73.

T’rochoniorpha (Discus) transcirata, Mousson, Jorirn. de Conch. 1870, 1). 1.21, pl. 7 . fig. I (excl. var.). l3elix fcssnnia (Trochoniorphn), Brazier, Proc. Zaol. SOC. 187 1,

p. 322 (part.). When Prof. Mousson first described this species, he had only a

single imperfect young example before him, which Dr. Griffe

176 MR. A. GARRETT ON T H E TERRESTRIAL IIFeb. 15,

found at Lomaloma, Vanua Balavo. Griiffe subsequently discovered some specimens of l'rochoinorpha in the interior of Viti Levu, which Monsson (in Journ. de Coiich. 1870, p. 122) referred to his 1'. truns- arata, adding additiorlal characters and giving a good figure of the same. On the same page he describes the var. depresso-striata, nhicli latter iq probably distinct and = T.,fessonia, Angas.

Unfortunately I lost a11 my Kantavu specimens of the latter species when shipwrecked, and have only a siugle dead example of T. transarata from Lomaloma, which exactly coincides with Mousson's original description, and agrees with his figure of a Viti Levu shell.

Mr. Brazier (in P. Z. S. 1871, p. 322) adds T. transaratu to the synonymy of fessonia. Schmeltz (in Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. 1). 94, sp. 5939) quotes MOUSSOII'S var. T. depresso-striata as = fessonia, and, judging from the Museum numbers, he does not include the type, which is no. 5235 (see Cat. 110. iv. p. 73), in the synonymy.

I ts small size, depressed conical form, rough irregular plicate stria?, brownish horn-colour with interrupted radiating pale stripes, elevated spire, slightly convex base, and small umbilicus are its most prominent characters.

9. TROCHOMORPHA ACCURATA.

Trochomorpha (Discus) accurata, l\lousson, Journ. de Conch.

Nanina (Microcystis) accurata, Yaetel, Cat. Conch. p. 84. Helix accurata, Pfeiffer, Mon. I-Iel. vii. p. 290. A very rare species, found by Dr. Griiffe in rocks at Veria, in the

interior of Viti Levu. I t has the spire more elevated than T. traizsarata, a greenish-

violet colour, the strice strong and irregular, the umbilicus small ; whorls 7, the last one acutely carinated with a compressed, white keel.

1870, p. 120, pl. 7. fig. 2.

Major diam. 14, height 12 millini.

10. TROCHOMORPHA CORALLINA.

Trochomorpha (Discus) ludersi, var. corallinu, Mousson, Journ. de Coiich. 1870, p. 123.

I found a few examples of' this species on elevated coralline reefs in forests on Vanua Balavo, and took a large number in similar stations on Mango Island. Dr. Griiffe found it on coral-rocks on Malatta and Tutuna, the latter one of the northern islands of the Tonga group.

I t may he described as follows :- Shell iimbilicated, sublenticular, solid, finely and obliquely striated,

fulvous horn-colour, rarely whitish, with oc without a marginal dorsal and basal dark fuscous band ; spire convexly conoid, obtuse ; suture depressedly margined above ; whorls 5 9 , slightly convex, slowly and regularly increasing, the last one not descending in front, acutely carinated ; base convex ; umbilicus sniall, about one seventh the greater diameter of the shell ; aperture diagonal, subrhomboid-

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F THE VITI IS1 ANDS. 177

lunate ; peristome simple, straight above, acute, at the base thickeiied with callus.

Major diam. 15, height 6-7 millim. As compared with 1’. ludersi it is srnaller, differs in the ground-

colour, the umbilicus is not so large, and the bands are wider a i d only two in number.

11. TROCHOMORPHA SUBTROCHIFORMIS.

Helix trochifornzis, Gould (not of Fdrussac), Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 61.

Helix eurydice, Mousson (not of Gould), Jourii. de Conch. 1865, p. 170.

Trochomorpha subtrochiformis, &usson, Joiiru. de Conch. 1869, p. 335, pl. 4. fig. 6 ; 1870, var. albo-striata, p. 122; Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, y. 474.

Helix subtrochrfornzis, Schmeltz, Cat. hIus. Godeff. p. 95 ; Pfeiffer, MOIL €Id. vii. p. 289.

Moilson’s var. albo-striata inhabits Hanathia, one of the Wind- ward Islands, and the type is a Samoan species. The variety, which is unknown to me, is described as follows :-

‘( Spiru fusco-nigrescens, strigis transversis, albis, imperfectis, eleqanter ornata, ad basin fuluescens, cum zona peripherica fusca.” (Mousson.)

I t is probably distinct from the Samoan type.

12. TROCHOMORPHA THEMIS, sp. nov. Trochomorpha (Discus) ludersi, Mousson (not of Pfeiffer), Journ.

de Conch. 1870, I). 122 (part.). - 1 .. I

I obtained iiumernus specimens of this species a t Vanua Btilavo, where they were found adhering to the trunks of trees. I t is also recorded from Oneata Island.

Shell with a narrow umbilicus, solid, sublenticular, not shining ; strise very fine, oblique and crouded ; whitish horn-colour, with a single dorsal and basal submarginal chestnut-brown line ; spire depressedly cnnoid, obtuse ; suture with a depressed white margin ; whorls 5 ; , depressedly convex, slowly and regularly increasing, last oue not deflected in front, acutely and compressedly carinated, keel white ; base convex ; umbilicus about one eighth the major diameter of the shell ; aperture and peristome the same as in T. corallina.

Major diam. 14, height 6 millim. As compared with T. ludersi it is smaller, paler, has only half so

many linear bands, s t r iz finer and the umbilicus much smaller. T. corullina is of a fulvous colour (very rarely whitisli), the bauds are wider and paler and the suture has not got the white margin ; it is also a little larger and smoother, and lives in a different station.

13. TROCHOMORPHA KANTAVUENSIS, Sp. 1lOV.

Shell widely umbilicated, thin, fragile, pellucid, depressed, lenti- cular, smooth, shining ; incremental striae fine, crowded, oblique ;

PROC. ZOOL. Soc.-l887, No. XII. 12

178 M R . A. G A R R R I T ON T H E TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

luteous-corneous, the periphery margined above and beneath with R reddish-chestnut line, the upper one following the whorls of the spire ; suture with a depressed, narrow marginal line ; whorls Gh, slightly convex, rather rapidly increasing, last one not descending in front, acute and compressedly carinated, keel whitish ; base more polished than above, convex ; aperture vi ry oblique, depressed, subrhomboid-lunate ; peristome thin, straight above, margins cou- verging, basal portion slightly thickened and gently arched.

Major &am. 20, height 7 rnillim. I ieceived several hundred examples of this very distinct species

from a missionary who co!lected them in Kantavu Island. H e gave no information in regard to its station.

Specimens seut t o the Godeffroy Museum in Hamburg were referred to T. swainsonii, a Society- Island species ; and cxaniples sent to an English correspondent were confounded with T. metcavei , Pfeiffer, a l’hilippiue species. I t is probably the H e l i x (Pidena) planovbis, in “ Dr. James C. Cox’s Exchange List,” which he accredits to Kantavu. The T. planorbis of Lesson was collected by that naturalist in New Guinea, and differs from our shell in being smoller, mottled nith olitaceow, and in having ouly 5 whorls. A careful comparison with the description of T. rnetcavei has convinced me that it caunot be the same as the Kantavu shell. T. swninsonii is smaller, thicker, rougher, much more variable, and the positions of the lineations are different.

I t s large size, depressed form, fragile texture, luteous horn-colour with the chestnut-brown marginal liues, and large umbilicus will readily separate it from any other Vitian species.

G e m s PATULA, IIeld. 1. PATULA I N P R M I S .

Putuln inernzis, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 118, pl. 7.

Helix inermis, Pfeiffer, Mon. He]. vii. p. 1G7 ; ( P a t u l a ) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1 1 . 91.

Collected by Dr. Ginffe on Vanua Balavo. Beneath decaying vegetation.

A small, widely unibilicated, depressed orbicular, rufous horn- coloured species, with fine, oblique, costulate s t r k and 4 slightly e o ~ n e x whorls. Uianieter a trifle tnore than 2 millini.

fig. 7.

2 . PATULA ADPOSITA.

f’utula ac@osita, Rlouason, JOUIII. de Cunch. 1870, p. 11 9, pl. 7.

fIeZix rtdposita, Pftiffir, Mc n. Rel. vii. p. 8i ; (Putulu) Paetel,

1)iLcovered by Dr. Graffe on Oneata Island. A little larger and paler than the preceding species, and the um-

fig. 8.

Cat. Conch. p. 87.

bilicus is smaller, and the acute plicate striae are not so crbwded.

1887.1 MOLLUSKS OF T H E VITI ISLANDS. 179

3. PATULA PRINCEI.

H e l i x princei, Liardet, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1876, p. 100, pl. 5.

This species was found a t Taviuni by hfr. Liardet. “Shell very mal l , depressed, with a wide and perspective urn-

bilicus ; colour dark brown ; whorls 3, prominently costulated ; suture deeply impressed ; aperture rouud.”

figs. 4, 4a.

(Liardet.)

4. PATULA IRREGULARIS, sp. nov. Pitys irregularis, R ~ O U S S O I I , Miis. Godeff. 188.5. Shell small, umbilicated, orbicular, depressed, thin, transhcent,

greyi.11 white under a bluish horn-coloured epidermis ; sculpture consisting of crowded, waved, raised striE, with larger ones irregu1,irly intermixed ; spire convex, apex flattened ; suture canaliculate ; whorls 3, convex, slowly and regularly iiicrea\iig, slightly turgid iiext the suture, last one rounded, slightly depressed above the peripliery ; base convex ; umbilicus deep, about, one fourth the major d imeter of the shell ; aperture slightly oblique, irregularly rounded ; peristome thin.

Major diam. 3, height 2 millirn. Common at Viti Levu. I received a number of specimens of

A small uncoloured species closely allied to 1’. rudis, a Cook’s The irregular s t r i s will separate it from the other

this specie3 from the Muaenm Godeffroy, Hamburg.

Island species. Vitian species.

Genus PITYS, Beck. 1 . 1’ITYS SUBDIEDALEA.

I’utula (E~~dodonta) subdadalea, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 117, pl. 7. fig. 6.

IIckx suhdadaleo, P f d e r , Mon. Hel. vii. p. 258 ; (l’utzcla) Paetel, Cat. Conch. p. 95.

Pound by Dr. Graffe in Mango Island. Like all the South-Sea species, i t is found beneath decaying leaves and uuder rotten wood.

I t is a little larger than Pntula adposita, and of a pale horn- colour, with a wide umbilicus, planulate spire, the s t r ia costulate, and 5 ; whorls. The piwietal region is garnished with three spiral lamine , and there are four on the palate.

Genus PLACOSTYLUS, B,ck 1 . PLACOSTYISJS MALLEATUS.

Bulimus malleatus, Jay, Revue Zool. 1842, p. 80 ; GuErin, Mag. Zool. 1843, p. 61 ; Philippi, Abbild. ii. 9 . p. 10, Bul. pl. 3. fig. 4 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. IIel. ii. p. 5 5 ; (Charis) id. Vers, p. 152 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 29. fig. 17-1; Deshayes,in FCr. p. 47, pl. 144. figs. 11,.12; Gould, Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 81, fig. 7 8 ; (Charis) Albrrs, Die Hel. 1st ed. p. 152, 2uJ, ed. p. 196 ; (Charis) 11. & A. Adams, Gen. Moll. ir. p. 117 ; (Charis) Chew, Mon. Conch. i. p. 43G, fig 3201 ;

180 MR. A. GARRETT ON THE TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1864, 1). 136, 1875, p. 2 0 ; (Charis) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 9 8 ; Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 181'2, p. 231.

Chnris malleatus, Frriuenfeld, Verh. 2001.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1869, p. 874.

Placostylus (Chayis) malleatus, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 125 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Nus. Godeff. v. I). 92.

This arboreal species is restricted to Viti Levu and Ovalau Islands.

I ts large size (55 millim.), white colour, olivaceous-brown macu- lations, malleated surface, oblong aperture, broadly expanded white lip will distinguish it. An immaculate variety is not infrequent.

2. PLACOSTYLUS FULGURATUS.

Bulimus fitlguratus, Jay, Ilepue Zool. 1842, p. 80 ; GuBrin, Mag. Zool. 1833, p. 6 2 ; Philippi, Abbild. ii. 9. p. 10, Bzd. pl. 3. fig. 2 ; Pf'eiffer, Mon. IIel. ii. p. 55 ; (Charis) id. T'ers, p. 152; Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 29. fig. 175 ; Gould, Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 80, fig. 77 ; (Charis) Albers, Die IIel. 1st ecl. p. 152, 2nd ed. p. 196 ; (Charis) €1. 65 A. Adams, Gen. Moll. ii. p. 147 ; Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 195; Crosse, Jourii.de Uoncli. 1864, p. 137, 1875, p. 1 7 ; (Charis) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 98 ; Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 231, pl. 18. fig. 1.

Placostylus (Charm) fulgurntus, Momson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 125 ; Sclimeltz, Cat. Mus. Godtff. v. p. 92

Charis fulguratzis, Frauenfcld, Verh. zoo].-bot. Ges. Wien, 18F9, p. 874.

Otostomus fulgurutvs (Charis), Semper, Phil. L~ndmoll . iii. p. 158, pl. 17. fig. 10.

Bulimus eximius, Reeve, Conch. Syst. ii. p. 173. PlaXcrcheilus yracilis, Uroderip, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1840, p. 182. This, like the preceding species, is confined to the islands of Viti

Le iu and Ovalau, where it occurs on the trunks and foliage of trees. A rather solid, oblong, olive-yellow species, with longitudinal,

irregular, more or less inteirupted, waved olix e-brown stripes. WhoiIs 5 , convex, last one with fine crowded longitudinal s t rk: , and obliquely transverse anastomosing sulcstions. Spire decorticated, ahitish or reddish. Aperture ol)aurif'orm, white or light fulvous, aud the lip white and widely expanded. Length 45-50 millini.

3. PLACOSTYLUS ELOBATUS.

Bztlimus elohatus, Gould, Proc. Bost. SOC. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 190 ; Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 72, fig. 84 ; Preiffer, Mon. Hel. ii. p. 184 ; (Charis) id. Vers, p. 152 ; (Charis) Albers, Die Hel. 2nd ed. p. 196; Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1864, p. 140 (excl. variety); (Placostylus) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 98 ; Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 232, pl. 18. fig. 2 ; (Euplacostylms) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875, p. 13.

YIacostylus (Charis) elobutus, Mousson, Journ. tle Conch. 1870, 1). 124; Schmelte, Cat. hlus. Godrff. v. 11. 93.

1887.1 MOLLUSKS OF THE VITI ISLANDS. I81

Otostomus (Placostylus) elohatus, Semper, Phil. Landmoll. iii. p. 157, 111. 15. fig. 5 .

Buliinus colubrinus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1860, p, 138, pl. 51. fig. 4 ; Alalak. Blitt. 1861, p. 13 ; Mon. Hel. vi. p. 29 ; Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1864, p. 139.

This species is restricted to the island of Vanna Levu, where it occurs beneath decaying vegetation. Examplcs inhabiting the interior of the island are larger and much finer than those found in the forests near the sea-shore.

My largest specimens taken in the former location are 66 millim. long, and my smallest (adults) from near the sea-shore are only 46 in length. The shape varies from oblong-ovate to elongate-ovate. I t is solid, white or ruddy beneath a fulvous epidermis, and ornamented with longitudinal dark green waved or zigzagged stripes, which are more or less interrupted. The apical whorls are usually reddish. The aperture and lips are u s u ~ l l y orange-red, and the throat frequently whitish. The last two whorls are minutely corrugated. A rare variety occurs with the lips and aperture wholly white.

4. PLACOSTYLUS MOROSUS.

Bulimus morosus, Gould, Proc. Bost. SOC. Nat. I h t . 1846, p. 190 ; Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 72, fig. 82 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. ii. p. 5 6 ; (Charis) id. Vers, p. 152 ; (Charis) Albers, Die 1Iel. 2nd ed. p. 196 ; (Charis) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 98 ; Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 232 ; (Placostylus) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875, p. 20, pl. 8. fig. 1 ; Kobelt, Jahrb. mnlak. Ges. 1875, p. 225,

Placostylus (Charis) morosus, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 12.5 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 93.

Bulimus elohatus, var. minor, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1864, p. 140.

This very distinct arboreal species has a wider range than any other species inhabiting the group. I t is distributed throughout all parts of Vanua Levu, where I collected numerous examples. I found it also on Rambi, Koro, Taviuni, Gomea, Lanthala, and Prof. Mousson, on the authority of Dr. Graffe, records it from Viti Levu.

I t is a rather thin, oblong-ovate, uniform white, decorticated shell, with a large aperture and widely reflected peristome. The rough surface is not so conspicuously malleated as P. malleatus. There exists a rare abbreviated variety on the west end of Vanua Levu, which exhibits a few olivaceous markings similar to those on the latter species.

pl. 7. figs. 7-8.

5. PLACOSTYLUS SEEMANNI.

Bulimus seemanni, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1861, p. 207, pl. 26. fig. 6 ; Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1864, p. 123 ; Pfeiffer, MOII. Hel. vi. p. 13 ; Novit. Conch. iii. p. 474, pl. 102. fig. 1 8 ; Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 18;2, p. 232 ; (Eumecostylus) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 9 9 ; Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875, p. 10. .

l’lacostylus (Charis) seenzanni, Mvusson, Journ. de Conch. 1870,

1S4 M R . A . GARRETT O N THE TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

1’. 126 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 92; Canefri, Malac. Viagio Mag. p. 85.

Otostomus (Plncostylus) seemanni, Semper, Phil. Landmoll. iii.

This fine large ground-species is confiued to IZandaru Islaud, where it appears to be abundant.

Though subject to coiisiderable variation in size and shape, it may, however, be diztinguished by its rather slender form, whitish horn-colour beiieath a yellowish or olive-brown epidermis, which is sometimes ornamented with waved or zigzagged stripes. The surface, though coarsely striated with lines of growth, is seldom marked by transverse corrugatioiis. The auriculate-shaped aperture is narrow, white, though sometimes tinted with fulvoiis, antl the white lip is considerably expanded and slightly reflected antl frequently contracted above. Length from 52-77 millim. Like all the ground- species, it is very frequently decorticated.

p. 157, pl. 17. fig. 9.

ti. PLACOSTYLUS KANTAVUE 4 NSIS.

Bulimus hiintawensis, Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 250 ; 1871, p. 105, pl. 5. fig. 3 ; 1875, p. 10 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. viii. p. 29.

This is a190 a terrestrial species, and inhabits Kandavu Island, where it was discovered by Mr. Brazier.

I t is described as a rather solid, cylindrically-fusiform species, with longitudinal rugose s t r k and obsolete snbmalleations. Colour ruddy white, with reddish apical whorls. The epidermis is olivr- yellow, with longitudinal waved wliitish stripes. The last whorl is subcylindrical, compressed on the middle, and the auriform aperture and the widely expanded peristomc nre wliitish. Length 4 3 millim. I have never seen an example of this species.

7. PLACOSTYLUS KOROISNSIS.

Bulinius koroensis, Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 236, j)l. 18. fig. 9 ; Pfeiffer, hlon. Hel. viii. p. 29; (Placostylus) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875, p. 9, 111. 1. fig. 5 ; Schmeltz, Journ. des Mus. Godeff. Heft xii. 18’76, p. 161.

I’lacostylus koroensis, Sclimeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 92. Occurs in great profusion on the ground in the ceRtral valleys of

Koro Island, where it is peculiar. I t is very closely allied to the preceding species, which it resembles

in shape and sculpture. Colour corneous or tawny yellow, with a white or luteous aperture and rather widely expanded white peristome. I t is very frequently distorted and very seldom exhibits traces of a fulvous epidermis, which is disposed in irregular iongitudinal strips and patches. Examples sent to Mr. Crosse were, by that learned conchologist, regarded as distinct from his B. knntavuensis.

Length 53 millim.

8. PLACOSTYLUS HOYTI.

Bulimus7toyti, Garrett, Amer. Journ. COIICII. 1872, p. 234, pl. 16.

1887.1 MOLLUSKS O F T I { & VITI ISLANDS. 183

fig. 7 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. IIel. viii. p. -30 ; (P/ucostyZus) Crosse, Journ. dc Conch. 1875, p. 17, pl. 1. fig. 8.

Plucostylus hoyti, Schnieltz, Cat. illus. Godeff. vi. p. 81. This beautiful terrestiial species is confined t o tlrat poi tioii of

Vaiiua Levu situated to the southward of Natann Bay. lhough closely rclated to P. e1obntzc.s in coloiir, marlrings,, and

sculpture, it is, however, readily distiiiguished by i t 4 abbieviated forin, turgid body-whorl, wider aperture, expniided and reflected lip.

r .

Length 44 to 55 niillim.

9. PLACOSTYLUS RUGATUS.

Bulimus rugatus, Garrett, Amw. Joiirn. C.inch. 1972, p. 233, PI. 18. fig. 1 ; Pfciff‘cr, Mon. IIel. viii. 1). 35 ; (Plcccoslylus) Crosse, Joiirn. de Conch. 1875, I). 18.

Ylacostylus rugatus, Sclinieltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. t i . p . 81.

Bulimus cmssilubruin, Garrett, Aiiier. Jourii. Conch. 1872, p. 233, pl. 18. fig. 5 ; Pfeiffer, Mou. ILel. viii. 1). 3.5 ; (Placostylus) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1 8 i 5 , p. 18.

Pkucostylus crussiZubruin, Sclimeltz, Cat. i\Ius. Godeff. v. p. !43. This arboreal species is restricted to Vaiiua Lecu, where it is

widely distributed ocer the island. I t is a rather thiii, oblong-ovate species, of a wliitish colour

beneath an olive-yellow epidermis, and ornamented with stirall olive- green blotches, which are sometimes zigzagged. Length 43 millim. The trausverse rugositiev do uot differ trcm those observed on I-’.

Julyunztus. As compared with that species it is more abbreviated, the outer lip more arched and more effuse, and the aperture is more oblique.

The variety c~~issilabris is more solid, aiid the periatome aiid parietal callus are much thicker than i n the typical P. rugatus. This variety, of which I obtained about 200 ex;tmples, was gatlieled in the interior at a point about the middle of the length of the island.

Var. CRASSILABRIS, Garrett.

The base is also not so much produced.

10. PLACOSTYLUS OCHROSTOMUS.

Bulimus ochrostomu, Garrett, Amer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 232, p1. 18. fig. 3 ; l’feiffer, Mon. IIel. tiii. p. 36 ; (Ylacostylus) Crosse, Joiirii. de Conch. 1875, p. 19.

l’lucostylus ochrostomu, Schnieltz, Cat. Nus. Godeff. vi. p. 81. Bulimus rumbiensis, Garrett, Rmer. Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 233,

pl. 18. fig. 4 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. viii. 1). 36 ; (Plucostylus) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875: p. 19.

Plucostylus rumbienszs, Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. vi. p. 81. Not uncommon on foliage at Taviuni aiid Rainbi, rare on Gomea,

and I obtained two examples on that part of Vanua Levu opposite to Rainbi Island.

I t is the smallest species, so far as known, inhabiting the group. I t is rather variable in size, ranging from 28 to 40 millim. in length, and its shape varies from ovate to oblong-ovate. The texture is

184 MR. A. GARRETT O N TIIW TERRESTRIAL [Peb. 15,

rather thin, the sculpture the same as on P. rugosus, and the colour ruddy corneous or whitish, often with a reddish spire. Though very frequently wholly decorticated, the epidermis, when present, is very thin, light fulvous, and iisually beautifully mottled with green, which is occasionally disposed in zigzag pattern. The aperture and lips are more or less intense saffron-yellow, paler in the throat. The columellar fold is not so conspicuous, and is more vertical than in the preceding species. The peristome, though usually simple, is often slightly expanded, particularly so iu the Itainbi shells, some of which have the lip slightly reflected.

11. PLACOSTYLUS GNAUENSIS.

B~ilimzcs gnauensis, Garrett, Amer. Joiirn. Conch. 1872, p. 235, pl. 18. fig. H (in err. guunensis) ; Pfeiffer, Mon. IIel. viii. p. 36 ; (Z’lacostylzis) Crosse, Journ. de Conch. 1875, p. 18.

Ylacostylus gnauensis, Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. vi. p. 81. This graceful species is common aud peculiar to Gnau Island,

where it lives on trecs and shrubs. I t may be recognized by its rather thin texture, oblong-ovate or

elongate-oiate form, whitish, yellowish, or reddish horn-colour, ornamented with longitudinal uodulating olive-green stripes, which are frequently shaded off with white. The surface is rugose, with small transverse coi rugotions. The aperture is tawny yellow or reddish, rarely white, and the lips, which are hut slightly expanded, are more intensely coloured than is the throat. Leiigth 4.5 rnillim.

12. PLACOSTYLUS GRAEFFEI.

Macosty lus elobatus, Moasson (not of Gould), Journ. de Conch.

I’lacostylus movssoiiii, “ Griffe,” Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v.

Bulinius, sp., Garrett, I m e r . Journ. Conch. 1872, p. 232. Uuliilzus moussoniz, Crosse (not of Pfeiffer), Journ. de Conch. 1875,

Bulimus yrcifei , Crosse, 1. c. p. 13 ; Pfeiffer, Moil. Ilei. viii. p. 30. This ground-species appears to be restricted to the central portion

of Viti Levu, where it was discovcrecl by Dr. Giaffe. I am indebted to the latter gentleman for t n o examples of this species, which is about tlie same size and shape as P . elobatus, but is a smoother shell, and the colonr of my two specimens is ohvaceous without auy niark- ings. The aperture is whitish, and the columellar fold is more horizontal than in the latter species,

13. PLACOSTYLUS VITIENSIS, sp. nov. Bulimus vitiensis, Garrctt, MS. (coll. Garrett). I’Zacostylus vitiensis, “ Garr.,” Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. vi.

p. 81. Shell unibilicated, oblong-ovate, rather solid, slightly shining ;

rosy flesh-colour beneath a thin translucent epidermis, which is decorated with longitudinal olive-green zigzag stripes ; surface of

1870, p. 123.

p. 93.

p. 11.

1387.1 MOLLUSKS OF THE VITI ISLANDS. 185

the last two whorls with small longitudinal strite and small transverse corrugations ; spire obtuse, decorticated, minutely punctured, two thirds the length of the shell; whorls 5, moderately convex, the last one attenuated at the base ; aperture slightly oblique, oblong, auriform, light f'ulvous ; peristome mhite, rather widely expanded and somewhat reflected ; columellar lip dilated, and the fold oblique and prominent.

Length 41, diam. 17 millim. I obtained 20 living examples of this species, which were collected

by the natives at Na Viti Levu Bay, on the N.E. coast of Viti Levu. It is smaller and a more graceful species than P. futguratus, and the base is more contracted.

Genus STENOGYRA, Shuttleworth. 1. STENOGYRA TUCKERI.

Bulimus tuckeri, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1846, p. 30; Mon. Hel. ii. p. 158 ; (Opras) Vers, p. 156 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. pl. 68, sp. 481 ; (Opens) Cox, Mon. Austr. Land-Shells, p. 69, pl. 13. fig. 9 ; €hazier, Quart. Journ. Conch. i. p. 272.

Xtenogyra tucleri, Albers, Die Hel. ed. 2 , p. 265; (Opeas) Fmuenfeld, Verh. 2001.-bot. Wien, xix. p. 873 ; Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, p. 473; Garrett, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1881, p. 3 9 3 ; 1885, p. 43.

Bulimusjunceus, Gould, Proc. Bost. SOC. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 191 ; Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 76, fig. E7 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. ii. p. 220.

Steaogyrajuncea, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1869, p. 340 ; Pease, Journ. de Conch. 1871, p. 9 3 ; Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, p. 4 7 3 ; (Opeas) Paetel, Cat. Conch. p. 104 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 90 ; Garrett, l'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1879, p. 19.

Bulimus walli, Cox, Cat. Austr. Land-Shells, p. 24 ; Pfeiffer, hfon. Hel. vi. p. 99.

Stenogyra upolensis, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 18G5, p. 175; (Obeliscus) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 104 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. iv. p. 29.

Buliiiius upolensis, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vi. p. 100. Bulimus panayensis, Pfyiffer, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1846, p. Z2 ; Mon.

IIel. ii. p. 156 ; (Opeas) Vers, p. 156 ; Reeve, Couch. Icon. pl. 14. no. 76 ; (Opeas) Slbers, Die 13el. p. 175.

Subulina panayensis, €1. & A. Adams, Gen. Moll. ii. p. 11 1 ; Semper, Phil. Landmoll. ii. p. 137, pl. 8. fig. 15.

Stenogyra panayensis, (Opeas) Albers, Die Hel. ed. 2, p. 2G5 ; Martens, Ostae. Zool. ii. p. 83 (Siam), p. 376, pl. 22. fig. 8 ; (Opeas) Paetel, Cat. Conch. p. 101.

Bulimus diaphanus, Gassies (not of Pfeiffer), Journ. de Conch. 1859, p. 70.

Bulirnus souaerbianus, Gassies, Fuune Nouv. Cale'd. p. 52, pl. 2. fig. 5 ; Pf'eiffer, Mon. Hel. vi. p. 98.

Bulimus artensis, Gassies, Journ. de Conch. 1866, p. 50; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vi. p. 98.

PILOC. ZOOL. S0C.-1887, NO. XIII. 13

186 M R . A. G A R R E T r ON T H E TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

Ktenogyra novemgyrata, Moucson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 126 ; (Subulina) Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 104 ; Schmeltz, Cat. MUS. Godeff. v. p. 90.

Bulzmus novemyyratus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. viii. p. 138. Stenogyru gyrata, Mousson, hlS. in Mas. Godeffroy. 1885. This species, which is distributed over a larger geographical area

than any other species of land-shell, is diffused thrcughout all parts of Polynesia, the low coral-islands as well ns the more elevated qroups, and ranges throughout Melanesia, Micronesia, Australasia, the MO- luccas, Philippines, Guam, Ceylon, Sinm, Cochin China, China, and probably extends its range as far as the east coast of Africa.

Since the pnblication of my paper on the Society-Islqnd land- shelis I have received from Mr. E. L. Laynrd examples of Bulimuv souverbianus and B. artensis, both of which are identical with Polynesian specimens of S. tuckeri.

Through the kindness of Dr. Hungerford, of Hong Kong, I have tieen enabled to compare Pfeiffer’s Bulimus panayensis with B. tuckeri, and cannot detect a single character to separate the two species.

I am strongly inclined to believe that the West-Indian Stenoy,yra auhuln, Pfr., is II. form of the Polynesian S. tuckeri, and was acci- dentally imported with the Tahitian bread-fruit plants nearly a hundred years ago. MM. Crosse and Fischcr (Journ. de Conch. 1863, p. 361) record the West-Indian “Bulimus subula ” from Cochin China, and give a good figure of the same, which latter is, undoubtedly the ubiquitous X. tuckeri. I reproduce their remarks as follows :-

“Cette esphce provient de Saigon et Fuyen-Moth, oh e lk a e‘t6 recueillie par Monsieur Michau, dans les fosscts, dans la terre et sous les herbes. I1 peut senibler trbs-extraordinaire de retrouver en Cochinchine une esphce des Antilles, qui n’a guhre ctte’ signale‘e jusqu’ici qu’b Cuba, A la Jamaique et ii Saint-Thomas. Pour ne conserver aucun doute A son 6gard, nous avons cru deroir soumettre un individu authentique B l’examin de M. Pfeiffer, qni a cre‘d l’espkce. I1 faut dnnc accepter le fait, qui peut-&tre, an reste, seulement un accident d’acclimatation : la petitesse et la ldgkretd de la coquille en question rendent cette supposition vraisemblable.”

I have lately received horn Dr. Hungerford several examples of Stenogyra, labelled “ Opeas subula, Pfr., Hong Kong,” which do not differ from the Polynesian X. tuckeri. I have several specimens of Xtenogyra received from Dr. Gibbons, who collected them in Algoa, South Africa. They were labelled :‘ Stenogyra turriformis, IC~RUSS,” but are much smaller than the latter species, and the identification is questionable. They are of the same size, and coincide very nearlv with S. tuckeri. Bulimus johannius, Morelet, from the Comoro Ielands. can scarcely be distinguished from some forms of the latter species.

This species, which is chiefly confined to the lowlands near the sea-shore, is found beneath decaying vegetation and under loose Etones.

They vary in size, number of whorls, development of strie,

1887.1 MOLLUSKS OF THE V I T l ISLANDS. - 187

convexity of the whorls, more or less open columellar chink, and in texture vary from thin pellucid to thick opaque cretaceous without lustre. The coloiir is whitish, pale horn-colour, sometimes with a light greenish tint. Auimal light yellow.

Genus PARTULA, FCrussac.

Length 8 to 13 millim.

1. PARTULA LIRATA.

Partula liratu, Mousson, Journ. de Conch, 18b.5, F. 1S6. pl. 14. fig. 4 ; 1870, p. 126; Heynemaiin, Malak. Bliitt. 1867, pl. i. fig. 1 (dentition) ; Pfeiffer, Mon. I-Iel. vi. p. 158 ; Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 104 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. Y 1 ; Hartinan, Cat. Yartula, p. 14 ; Obs. geo. Partula, Bull. Miis. Comp. Zool. ix. p. 183.

This singular Partuka lives on foliage near the sea-shore. I obtained several hundred examples on Lauthalrt, and a few at Vanua, Balavo, and Taviuni. Dr. Griffe found it on Kanathia and Oneata.

I t in, so far as known, the only species of Partula with elevated spiral lirse. The type is pale cinereous, with the expanded lip and aperture white. There is a depressed white tubercle oil the parietal wall. A tawny-brown variety is not uncommon.

Genus TORNATELLINA, Beck. 1. TORNATELLINA ORLONGA.

Tornatellina ollonya, Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1864, p. 673 ; 187 1 , p. 473 ; Journ. de Conch. ,1871, p. 93 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vi. p. 264 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Nus. Godeff. v. p. 89 ; Garrett, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1879, p. 21 ; Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1881, p. 398, 1585, p. 81.

Tornatellina bacillaris, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1871, p.. 16, pl. 3. fig. 5 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. pp. 89, 90; Pteiffer, Mon. He]. viii. p. 316.

Iiihabits all the groups from the Marquesas and Paumotus to the Viti Islands. On the ground in forests from near the sea-shore to 2000 feet above sea-le\el.

I t s slender form, imperforate base, and nearly vertical simple columella will distinguish it.

2. TORNATELLINA CONICA.

Tornulellina conica, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1869, p. 342, pl. 14. fig. 8 ; (var. impressa), p. 16 ; Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, p. 4 73 ; PFeiffer, Mon. Hel. viii. p. 316 ; Garrett, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1879, p. 21 ; Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1881, p. 399, 1885, p. 81 ; Schmeltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 89.

Cionella conica, Paetel, Cat. Conch. 1873, p. 106. I t has the same range as the preceding species, and inhabits the

same station. It is more robust and lighter-coloured than T. o6Zonga, the spire

more tapering, body-whorl larger, more compressed, parietal lamina more prominent, and the columella more twisted than in that species.

183 MR. A . GARRErT ON T H E TERRESTRIAL [Feb. 15,

3. TORNATELLINA COLUMELLARIS.

Tornatellina 4 columellaris, Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 120 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. viii. p. 316.

This species was collected by Dr. Griiffe on Kanathia Island. I t is an imperforated, elongate-conical species of a pale horn-

It differs from the two preceding species in having small I do not know the species, whicli should

colour. denticles in the palate. be compared with P . perplexa, Garr., and P. nitida, Pse.

4. TORNATELLINA PERFORATA.

Lcimellaria perforuta, Liardet, Proc. Zool. Snc. 1876, p. 101,

'' Shell small, acute, polished, dark brown colour ; epidermis thin ; whorls 54, convex, spirally striate, with a white apertural lamina ; aperture oblique, pyriform ; columellar lip white, projecting from the base of the shell, expanding slightly over region of umbilicus ; outer lip impressed and of a deep purple tint;

pl. 5 . figs. 8, 8a.

" This shell is found embedded in the bark of dead logs. " Note.-The animal has the tips of the eye-pedicels bulbous. '' H u b . Taviuni, Fiji." (Liarde t . ) Also unknown to me.

Genus VERTIGO, Miiller.

1. VERTIGO PLDICULUS.

Pupa pediculus, Sbuttleworth, Bern. Mitth. 1852, p. 296 j Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. iii. p. 557 ; Schmcltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff. v. p. 8 9 ; Mousson (var. scrmoensis), Journ. de Conch. 1865, p. 175.

Verligo pediculus, Pfeiffer, Vers, p. 177 ; (Alma) H. 81 A. Adams, Gen. Moll. ii. p. 172; Mousson, Journ. de Conch. 1869, p. 341 ; Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, pp. 463, 474 ; Garrett, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1879, p. 19 ; Journ. Phil. ilcad. Nat. Sci. 1881, p. 400, 1885, p. 83.

Pupa samoensis, " MSS.," Schmeltz, Cat.Niis. Godeff. iv. p. 108; (Sphyradium) Paetel, Cat. Co ch. p. 108.

Pupa nitens, Pease, Proc. tool. SOC. 1860, p. 439 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Ti. p. 335.

Vertigo nitens, Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, pp. 463, 474. Pupa h?yalina, " Zelebor," Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. vi. p. 329. Vertigo hyalina, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 474. Vertigo nacca, Gould, Proc. Bost. SOC. Nat. IIist. 1862, p. 280 ;

Pupa nacca, Pfeiffer, Mon. &I. vi. p. 330. This species is common to all the Polynesian groups, and is

generally dift'used through the Viti Islands. Its minute size, ovate-oblong shape, hyaline texture, obtuse spire,

rounded nperliire, and the thin slightly expanded lip will readily distinguisli it.

Otia Conch. p. 2 3 7 ; Pease, Proc. Zool. SOC. 1871, p , ~ . 463, 474.

'I'here are usually 5 deoticles iu the aperture.

1887.1 MOLLUSCA OF T H E VITI ISLANDS. 189

2. VERTIGO,TANTILLA. Pupa (Vertigo) tnntillu, Gould, Proc. Bost. SOC. Nnt. Hist. 1 8 4 i ,

p. 197 ; l’feiffev, Mon. IIel. iii. p. 557 ; (Vertlyo) hloussoil, Jourri. de Conch. 1Sj0, 1). 187 ; (L‘ertiyo) Ychmrltz, Cat. Mus. Godeff’. iv. p. 69 ; (Pupine/ln) Paetel, Cat. Coilch. 1 p 7 3 , p. 103.

Vertigo tnn t i l / a , Goiild, Expl. Exp., Shells, p. 92. fig. 103; (Aim,) 11. & Atlatiis, Gen. Riaill. ii. p. 17% ; Peasr, l’ror. Zool. Soc. 1671, pp. 460, A b 3 , 474 ; Garrett, Juurii. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Pupa pleurophorn, Sliiittleworth, Bern. Mittheil. 1852, p. 296 ;

Vertigo pleurophoro, t’ease, l’roc. Z o o l . Snc. 18 i 1, p. 4 i 4 . P u p dttnkeri, “ Zelebor,” t’t’csifft.r, Rlon. IIel. ri. p. 333. Tertiyu dutilceri, l’easr, 1’1.o~. Zool. SOC. lei 1, p. 474. Verliyo ur?nnta, I’(we, l’roc. Zool. Soc. 1871, lip. 461, 474. PUIJU urwrrtn, l’fkirer, hlon. l l e l . viii. p. 407. Fertiyo den/j/i>r.u, Prase, l’roc. %or)l. Soc. 18; 1, pp. 462, 474. P u p dentiJeru, Pf‘eifGr, Moi l . 1Iel. viii. p. 405. Raiiges from the Socirty to the Viti Islands.

1881, p. .IOU, 1885, 1). 81.

l’feitt’cr, hloii . Hel. iii. p. 560.

This and the precetiiiig specitas are found beiieath rotten wood, under stones, and anioiigst decaying lenves.

111 sliiipc it viirirs from an abbreviate-ovate to oblong-oval, and also iii a grratrr ur less degree in tlie relative proportion of the w~tioi~ls. Cdour p l e coriieous uudrr a browiiisli, more or less distiiictly sliagreeiied epitlerrriis, M hich in peiftct esarriples is t’ur- nistird M itli oblique riiriiibi.iinous riblets. The last wIior1, behind the Ileristorne, is f ‘ rque i i t ly bisulcate.

Alarch I , 1887.

Prof. W. TI. Flower, LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Prof. Jeffrey Bell read extracts from :I communication sent him by hlr . Edgai l‘liurstoii, Sul)eriirteiident of the Goveriirnent Central l \ l ~ l b ~ ~ l l l r l , hlndriis, with rrt’rrence to a h t r n r h i a n of the geuus Cucopus.

“ 011 ln~i i ig open the visceial caiity, the glol)iilar shape w i n found to lie due to a11 eiiorinous chsteiition ot ’ t l i e e-ophagus slid storriach, tlie lnttrr occiipjiiip iiearly the whole of the al)doiriiiial cavity, and tlie remainiiig \ihceril YLc. beiilg compi essed and l j ing posteriorly. 1 here was no rlisterrtion of the intestilia1 trart. The distention of the oc.sol)liagus aiid stomach was found, on section, to be caused by the presence i n their cavities of a mass of wiiiged White Aiits (Ter- mites), which, when dried, weighed 326 grains.”

The colour of C. systoina during life was reported to be “prim- rose-yellow marbled with black, the yellow colouring-material rapidly dissolving in alcohol.”

W’;i specimen of C. gloh losus , hlr. Thurston wrote :-

,.

- PROC. ZOOL. Soc.-l887, No. XIV. 14

on the terrestrial mollusks of the viti islands.—part i

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