on the frontier of
DESCRIPTION
High Energy Physics. Arnold Pompoš. The University of Oklahoma. On the Frontier of . with the Tevatron. WHAT?. (do scientists do at Fermilab). We study the finest and tiniest scales of Nature . largest structures of the universe. WHY?. (do scientists study the finest scales of Nature). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 1/29
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 2/29
(do scientists do at Fermilab)
WHAT?
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 3/29
We study the finest and tiniest scales of Nature
largest structures of the
universe
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 4/29
(do scientists study the finest scales of Nature)
WHY?
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 5/29
Curiosity is the driving force behind our research.
Humans always asked questions about the structure of matter.
What’s the structure of the ocean, what’s the structure of a dew drop … ?
Does the structure ever end? Are there basic building blocks?
Motivation
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 6/29
Modern cosmology and particle physics uncovered fundamental connections
between
time evolution of the universe
finest structure of matter
largest structures of the
universe
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 7/29
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 8/29
(do scientists study the finest scales of Nature)
HOW?
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 9/29
What PROBE to use?
How to probe even smaller scales?
( > 0.01 m)Objects of everyday life
( > 0.000 001 m)Structure of cells
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 10/29
Our LIGHT - Particle Collisions
In order to be able to study exotic particles, we have to create them first in labs.
This happens by colliding lighter particles at very high energies.
The rest is fixed by E=mc2
•give me enough energy, I will make you anything
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 11/29
Fermilab
Beša
Chicago
Where is our Instrument Located?
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 12/29
Our MICROSCOPE - Fermilab’s Accelerator
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 13/29
Our EYES - Particle Detectors at Fermilab
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 14/29
(what we found out about our Nature)
SOME RESULTS
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 15/29
Standard Model of Particles and Fields
The most fundamental building blocks of matter are:
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 16/29
What’s up with the NEUTRINOS?
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 17/29
Physics Beyond the Standard ModelCosmology measures that only 4% of Nature’s
matter is in the form of know substance
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 18/29
Extra Dimensions Already Employed?
3+1 dim
Extra dim
What extra dimensions? Can’t you count? We have only 3+1 dimensions!
Was it the magician, D. Copperfield, who already experimentally proved the existence of extra dimensions?
D.C. freeing himself from a locked box by using extra dimensions?(No, just joking!)
OR
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 19/29
Motivation to Search for Extra Dimensions
We need a theory to explain 96% of the universe.
Some of such theories are consistent not in 3+1 dim. world, but need extra dimensions (strings, etc.)
Perhaps, if we zoom in to matter enough, we will observe extra dimensions!
Appears as 1D
Appears as 2D
Whoops, it’s 3D!OR ????D
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 20/29
(physicists use accelerated particles to treat cancer)
HEP Byproducts
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 21/29
Healthy DNA – the captain of everythingRNA
DNA replication Cell Division
Protein synthesis
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 22/29
Watch out! DNA can get damaged!Ionizing Radiation
Chemical influence
Viruses
When something goes wrong
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 23/29
What is cancer? Cancer is an unrestrained & excessive growth of
cells.
Slowly Growing
Noninvasive, encapsulated
Well differentiated cells
Non-metastatic
Rapidly growing
Invasive and infiltrative
Anaplastic & undifferentiated cells
Metastatic
Tumor - Benign Tumor - Malignant
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 24/29
Why Do We Care About Cancer?
1) Heart diseases = 28.0% of all deaths
In USA in 20032) Cancer = 22.7% of all deaths
720 000 men 680 000 women
will be diagnosed with cancer! In USA in 2006
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 25/29
Various Methods To Fight Cancer Surgery
•Helpful in early stages - before cancer spreads.
Chemotherapy•Use of drugs to fight cancer.
Biological Therapy•Use of body’s own immune system to fight
Radiation Therapy•Use of ionizing radiation
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 26/29
Radiation Therapy
Damage to the cancer cell is done by energy deposited to tumor cells by ionizing radiation
Radiation makes free radicals which then brake DNA
It’s based on the fact that cancerous cells are more sensitive and can less repair than normal cells.
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 27/29
How to Deliver Energy to Kill Cells? Photon Therapy
(cheap)
Neutron Therapy (effective)
Proton Therapy(very precise)
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 28/29
Instruments for Various Therapies Photon Therapy Proton/Neutron Therapy
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Arnold Pompoš, University of Oklahoma, USA 29/29
Want More Info?
Visit Fermilab’s web sites: http://www.fnal.govhttp://www-ed.fnal.gov/ed_home.html
Send e-mail to Arnold: [email protected]
For Fermilab tours call Fermilab’s: Education office (630) 840-8248Office of Public Affairs (630) 840 3351