on-street parking management: confront the key choices

ON-STREET PARKING

MANAGEMENT Confront the Key Choices

Paul Barter

www.reinventingparking.org

@ReinventParking

Keynote Presentation for PIE 2017

On-street parking should be boring

Paul Barter www.reinventingparking.org

By Yoshimasa Niwa from Tokyo, Japan (IMG_0061.JPG) [CC BY 2.0

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

On-street parking should be boring


Public domain image by Kici via Wikimedia Commons

Sadly, it is often far from boring


Jakarta, Indonesia Dhaka., Bangladesh


Image by Derek Harper from http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2592439

licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence

Image from SFGate's City Insider blog

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2592439

http://www.geograph.org.uk/reuse.php?id=2592439

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

http://blog.sfgate.com/cityinsider/2012/02/07/parking-meters-helping-muni-mta-commissioner-asserts/


Beijing,

China


Adelaide, Australia


Smart (digital) single-space meter in San Francisco

(Photo by Carlos Gomez on Flickr)

Many cities have improved their on-street

parking management recently

Parking success for urban success


Berlin, Germany

Take it seriously

The stakes are high


Summary

The right goals?


Summary

Do what you have to do


Summary

Support and trust


Summary

Wider opportunities


Summary

Who is this guy?


TAKE IT SERIOUSLY

THE STAKES ARE HIGH


How bad can it get?


Palembang, Indonesia


Dhaka, Bangladesh


Ahmedabad, India


Something

missing

Beijing,

China

Does this help local business?


Beijing,

China


Shenzhen. China

How much of your

traffic is really just

cruising for

parking?


Seoul, South Korea


Shortage or

management

problem?

Obstructive on-street parking in Amman, Jordan; Kiev, Ukraine; and Beijing, China

(Photos by Andrea Broaddus, Manfred Breithaupt and Paul Barter)

Chaos! There must be a parking shortage!


New Delhi, India

… or maybe not


Shenzhen (2013)

Parking chaos in the streets Half-empty off-street parking nearby

Photos: Paul Barter

Weak on-street parking

management

Obstruction, double parking, cruising

On-street parking panic

Excessive parking supply

Undermining urban success


Enough?


Photo: Paul Barter

Bangkok

Enough yet?

Is this urban

success?


Photo: Paul Barter

Near the center of Houston, USA

(via Google Maps)

Enough yet? Urban success?


Photo: Paul Barter

Noarlunga, South Australia (via Google Maps)

THE RIGHT GOALS? Which on-street parking management goals

are best for building urban success?


Parking where

you want it, the

way you want it

Toulouse, France


Photo by Andrea Broaddus, GIZ-SUTP on Flickr

… nowhere else

Beijing, China


… including no

double parking

Near Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia


And minimal cruising for parking


Mumbai, India


Perception of

shortage

Side-effects

Full parking in

streets

Ensure vacancies on arrival


Seoul, South Korea

Vacancies versus turnover


Palembang, Indonesia

Should revenue

be a key goal?

Jakarta, Indonesia


How about demand

management (TDM)?


Source for map: Presentation by Sang Bum Kim (Assistant Mayor for City Transportation),

“Policy Directions of Seoul for a Clean and Green City” to CUD Global Conference Seoul 2009

Seoul strictly limits the

parking supply in 5

large business districts

How about demand management (TDM)?


Vienna, Austria

So simple goals?


Not in anyone’s

way

Never full

Revenue nice but

never primary

DO WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO:

PREVENT NUISANCE PARKING



Carrera 15, Bogotá, Colombia: before and after Mayor Peñalosa’s 1999-2000 parking reforms

Photos via Carlos Felipe Pardo http://www.reinventingparking.org/2010/10/parking-revolution-in-bogota-golden-era.html

Via design and

clear markings/

signage if

possible


CG Road, Ahmedabad, India

Is this parking on-street or off-street?


Ahmedabad, India

Basics that

should go

without saying

Vehicle owner

responsibility not

driver


Tokyo, Japan

Basics that

should go without

saying

Robust registry of

vehicles


Kathmandu, Nepal

Basics that

should go without

saying

In most countries,

local wardens are

best. Don’t just

rely on traffic

police.


Taipei, Taiwan

Basics that

should go without

saying

Keep it an

administrative

matter (civil) and

out of the law

courts as much

as possible


Photo ‘Traffic warden Campden’ by SalimFadhley under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=86724

Campden, London

Basics that should go without saying:

Lax enforcement is not the answer to a backlash


Beijing,

China

Oppportunity:

LPR

Capture plates

Digital enforce-

ment

Pay by plate

License Plate

Recognition


DO WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO:

RATION (USUALLY WITH PRICING)


Paul Barter www.reinventingparking.org Bogor, Indonesia

Toughest nut = late at night in old, dense residential


Beijing, China

Japan’s approach


This makes the night parking ban reasonable

and easier to enforce

Night on-street parking ban

So there is no point cheating on proof of

parking

Proof of parking

See http://www.reinventingparking.org/2014/06/japans-proof-of-parking-rule-has.html

Permits

Can you limit the

number?

Paul Barter www.reinventingparking.org Image by DeFacto [CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons

Daytime/non-residential is easier

One option: time limits


Melbourne, Australia Stockholm, Sweden Image by Ellgaard via Wikimedia Commons

On-street pricing really does work

No meters Meters Prices quadrupled

(free parking) (price a little too low) (now too high)

Grosvenor square, London

Source: TRL via ITDP (2011): Europe‘s Parking U-Turn

but based on a figure in Donald Shoup‘s High Cost of Free Parking


On-street pricing

works

Saudi Arabia

Used with permission: Andrew Perrier,

Mawqif, Presentation to the 2nd Annual

Parking Management Conference,

Singapore, Feb. 2017.


Basics that should go without saying:

don’t ban on-street parking fees under national law!


Image: Parking meter in Moscow https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parking_meter_in_Moscow_02.jpg

by Stolbovsky - under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license

Moscow,

Russia

Image: Kozitsky (Staropimenovsky incorrect file name) Lane, Moscow, 2007

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moscow,_Kozitsky_Lane.jpg by NVO - under a CC BY 3.0 license

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stolbovsky

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0



https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:NVO

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Basics that

should go

without saying:

fees must be

duration-based

to “work”


Dhaka,

Bangladesh


Pricing mechanisms

Beijing, China


Pricing mechanisms

Singapore


Pricing mechanisms

Hong Kong


Pricing mechanisms

Tokyo, Japan

Digital pricing

mechanisms


Ann Arbor digital pay-by-space

multi-space parking meter.

Image by Dwight Burdette (Own work) [CC BY 3.0

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)],

via Wikimedia Commons)

Digital pricing

mechanisms


Westminster, UK Glasgow, UK

Digital paid parking with no meters


Shenzhen, China

Digital paid parking with no meters


Image via Google Street View https://www.google.com.sg/maps/@32.0813772,34.7762914,3a,75y,101.49h,87.47t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s1T3RHO7LBKGBsf7qZ0qtdA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en

Tel Aviv, Isreal


Digital paid parking with no meters: Singapore from 2020

Image copyright: Channel News Asia, 25 Feb 2017 Image: Singapore Land Transport Authority, Feb 2017

The right price?


Political judgement

Serve traffic reduction goals

Turnover (short durations)

Public transport fares as

benchmark

Intensity of development or

land values

On-street prices higher than off-

street

Non-systematic occupancy targeting

Occupancy targeting with simple zones

Precise occupancy

targeting with tiny zones


Image source: Donald Shoup, ‘Cruising for Parking’, Access Magazine, Spring 2007. http://www.accessmagazine.org/articles/spring-2007/cruising-parking/

Occupancy targeting behind the scenes is not new.

Why make it explicit?


Price

zones:

how big?


Los Angeles Express Park

Calgary


http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/parking/paidparking.htm

Seattle

Occupancy

targeting with a

mix of cars and

motorcycles?


Kathmandu, Nepal

EARN SUPPORT AND TRUST


People hate

feeling tricked


Washington, DC

(Photo by ‘Dada1960’ in Wikimedia Commons)

Make it easy to add time or register start/stop time


Image by RichardBH - Pay by phone at

University of Guelph under CC BY 2.0

license

https://www.flickr.com/people/81076746@N00

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rbh/9334725363/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rbh/9334725363/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0

“Parking

ambassadors”

Image by Gerald England and licensed for

reuse under this Creative Commons Licence


Tameside, UK

http://www.geograph.org.uk/profile/22742

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Address privacy

concerns

?

Image by opensource.com (Facebook: The privacy saga continues) [CC

BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via

Wikimedia Commons


Make sure there

are visible

improvements


Vienna, Austria

TheThe


Bearman of Bearman Cartoons Aug 8 2010

under this Creative Commons License

https://www.flickr.com/photos/bearmancartoons/4871442459



https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

Make parking management primary

not revenue

and be willing to prove it



Performance pricing

(occupancy targets)

Lowest price that hits target

Allays retailer fears

Walk a bit for lower

prices

Visit off-peak for

lower prices

Debate principle not each

adjustment

Who can (and will) veto parking management if unpersuaded?


Po

we

r High

Context

setters (keep

satisfied)

Players (engage

closely and influence

actively)

Low Crowd (monitor,

minimal effort)

Subjects

(keep informed)

Low High

Interest


New Delhi, India Ahmedabad, India

Some Donald Shoup

suggestions


Enforcement

Target scofflaws

Warnings only for first-time

violations

Pricing

Discount for locals

Parking benefit districts

Surplus to charity

Parking Benefit

Districts:

Can it take off?

Can we aim

higher?


By Kamyar Adl (Flickr) [CC BY 2.0] via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGiant_snowball_Oxford.jpg

Permits

But not for

residents of new

buildings


Nightingale 2 apartment project in Fairfield (an inner north suburb

of Melbourne) recently approved with zero car parking.

Image source: The Fifth Estate http://www.thefifthestate.com.au/innovation/residential-2/nightingale-2-no-parking-ok-with-vcat/88373

Will off-street parking

“transitions” ease

resistance to on-street

management?


OPEN WIDER OPPORTUNITIES

FOR YOUR CITY


Can we aim so

high that ...

No shortage perceived

No pressure for more supply

Parking-related fears eased

“Management first, before supply” is

plausible

No fuss. It just works



0.25 € / per 15 min

0.50 € / per 15 min

0.75 € / per 15 min (Image source: Dr Friedemann Kunst)

Potsdamer Platz, Berlin. Image by Michael J. Zirbes

(public domain image) https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=715371

Berlin – urban success

without parking excess?

Strong On-street Parking

Management

Less perception of shortage

Motorists more willing to use and pay for off-street parking

Market gets right signals on parking investments

Less fear of developments that add to parking demand

Courage to abolish parking minimums


Future proof?


Photo by Grendelkhan CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikipedia

PARKING

MANAGEMENT Opens Wider Opportunities

Paul Barter

www.reinventingparking.org

@ReinventParking

WEDNESDAY

THANK YOU Questions?

on-street parking management: confront the key choices

Government & Nonprofit