on solid ground prem s. bindraban director isric – world soil information senior researcher –...
TRANSCRIPT
On solid ground
Prem S. BindrabanDirector ISRIC – World Soil Information
Senior Researcher – Agrosystems ResearchWageningen UR
3rd Conference on Sustainable Agriculture: The Art of Farming - Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Mainstream Agriculture
SAI, Brussels, 11 May 2010
Health & Wealth
Land required?
Basic production ecological principles
Pre
m B
indra
ban
- water- nutrients
+ water+ nutrients
+ water - nutrients
- water+ nutrients
Model-plants
Based on own experiments P.S. Bindraban
Location specific soil management
Marcel Galiba
Rainfed- fertilizers
Rainfed+ fertilizers
Soil productivity
(Living organisms)? Decomposition Improves soil structure
Texture Sand Silt Clay
Soil Organic Matter Nutrients (Source, CEC) Soil structure (pores) Water holding capacity Infiltration Erosion
Land with appropriate soil characteristics
Functional role difficult to
assess
Loss of biodiversity and SOM due to land
clearing
Functionality –Important
characteristics Cation-Exchange Capacity = f(SOM, Clay) (r2 > 0.8)
Permanent Wilting Point = f(SOM, Clay) (r2 > 0.8)
e.g. Bell and van Keulen, 1995. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J. 59: 865-871
Deteriorating soils
Marcel Galiba
11-15 kg N/ha
Nutrient depletionNo dataLowModerateHighVery high
1 ton grain
Stoorvogel et al.
Fertilizing the Sahel
Cereal yields limited by available soil nutrient
(- nutrients)
Cereal yields limited by available (rain) water
(+ nutrients)
(Bindraban et al., 1999)
Bindraban et al., 1999
Google-
Earth
Zingore, et al., Europ J. Soil Sci 56: 727-736
Soil Carbon loss
Extraction of residues from
soils detrimental to soil fertility
Nutrient interactions
Different rates of N with (solid symbols) and without P (open symbols) on a smallholder homefield (circles) and outfield (triangles) on a sandy granitic soil (Zingore et al., 2007, 2008)
Interactions with weather
Yield response of maize varying with annual rainfall patterns at 3 levels of fertilizer application (0, 17 and 52 kg N/ha) (source: Twomlow, Mugabe et al. 2008)
Managing and improving soils is complex
(field)RainfallIrrigation
Fertilization
Weeds, pests, diseases
Production
Water management
Nutrient manageme
nt Short and long term Risk
Nutrient mining
Variability
Erosion
Infestation
Soil types – interaction with the
environment
Soil variation - natural
A-horizon
E-horizon
Bhs-horizon
Soil types
Soil types
Site specific management of soils – essential to maintain
soil quality
Creating a financial and institutional mechanism in water management services that supports rural livelihoods
Payment of Environmental Payment of Environmental ServicesServices
Green Water Credits
HRUs
sbs1997.WYLDMM
0
1 - 250
251 - 500
501 - 750
751 - 1000
1001 - 1250
1251 - 1500
1501 - 1750
1751 - 2000
2001 - 3000
Green Water CreditsTana Basin, Kenya
0 50 10025 Km
Blue Water (mm/y) wet year
0 - 5
5 - 15
15 - 2525 - 50
50 - 75
75 - 100
100 - 150150 - 200
Green Water CreditsTana Basin, Kenya
0 50 10025 Km
±Erosion (ton/ha)
Erosion in dry year0 - 5
5 - 15
15 - 25
25 - 50
50 - 75
75 - 100
100 - 150
150 - 200
Green Water CreditsTana Basin, Kenya
0 50 10025 Km
±Erosion (ton/ha)
wet year
HRUs
sbs1996.WYLDMM
0
1 - 250251 - 500
501 - 750
751 - 1000
1001 - 12501251 - 1500
1501 - 1750
1751 - 20002001 - 3000
Green Water CreditsTana Basin, Kenya
0 50 10025 Km
Blue Water (mm/y)
Blue Water in dry year
Soils – provides solid ground for global development
issues
Climate change Food production Input requirement (N, P, K, H2O, …) Degradation De- / Re-forestation (REDD) Bio-energy Marginal lands (micro nutrients, toxicity, salinity,
acidity, …) …
Goodworld
soil data
?
Soil depth
GlobalSoilMap.netGlobalSoilMap.net approach approach
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