on-site domestic wastewater treatment johkasou … · 2014-08-07 · workshop in china 24th...
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Workshop in China 24th May.2012
On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment
(JOHKASOU)performance evaluation
and development status of
environmental technology verification
system in Japan
Yuhei INAMORI 1
Kai- Qin XU 2 Ryuhei Inamori 1 Hiroki Inoue 3
1 Fukusima University , 2 National Institute for
Environmental Studies , 3 Testing Laboratory for
Wastewater Treatment /The Building Center of Japan
Eco-engineering
Water environment restoration using soil ・aquatic plants
Technology to take full advantage of the potential purification ability of ecosystems
Bio-engineering
Advanced combined wastewater treatment system
Technology to take full advantage of the cleaning ability of microbes
Eco- technologiesCombination of Bio-&
Bio-Eco Engineering
Bio-Eco Engineering importance in the 21st century
Lake KASUMIGAURA
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 1
Facility for evaluating the effects of reducing
eutrophication
Soil treatment experimental
facility
Eco-engineeringexperimental field
Treated water tank
Wastewater tank
Water culture purification experimental facility
Control-temperature facility for testing
advanced Johkasou systems
Miho-village rural community wastewater
treatment system
Domestic wastewater
Building for analyzing technology transfer to
developing countries in bio-eco engineering
Multi-purposeBio-engineering
experimental field
Treatedwater
Approx. 2km
Approx. 2km
Waterinflow
Develop and evaluate Bio-Eco engineeringTransfer technology to developing countries and give trainingCooperate with government offices and conduct international joint researchPromote the education of the environment and environmental safeguards
100m3/1 day-1
Miho-village,Ibaraki Prefecture
Core Station for Promotion of Joint Research Projects based on the International Bio-Eco Engineering Research Laboratory of National Institute for Environmental Studies (Coope. : FUKUSHIMA Univ.)
Bio-Eco Engineering Research Laboratory
Water Environment Pollution ControlMore specifically, the following five tasks are principally
necessary for water environment restoration:
① Survey on growth potential of toxic
cyanobacteria Blue green algae;
② Development of an environmental restoration
technology using protozoa/micro-metazoa and
other microorganisms;③ Investigation of the wastewater characteristics of
the pollution sources; ④ Development of technologies for dispersed
wastewater treatment, such as advanced Johkasou
(N/P removal)System⑤ Development of ecological engineering techniques
that allow use of large aquatic vegetation, such as artificial wetlands.
Effects of Nitrogen/Phosphorous on environment, Eco-balance and Health
• Health Hazards– Nitrogen: Metohemoglobinemia
– Phosphorous: Osteoporosis, Ureteral stone
– Cyanobacteria: Metabolic production of toxic cyanobacteria
60 times more toxic than potassium cyanide
* Deaths of livestock and humans overseas
• Agricultural Damage– Nitrogen: Succulent growth (growth of
only stems or stalks)
• Outbreak of Cyanobacteria/Red Tides– Damage to fisheries: Death of marine
animals
– Damage to sightseeing areas: Offensive odors, closure of bathing areas
– Problems for water utilization: Increase in processing costs due to filtration problems at water purification plants or offensive odors from municipal water.
Toxic cyanobacteria (Genus: Microcystis)
Cyanobacteria (Lake Biwa)
Present Water Environment Issues
Abnormal Growth of Blue-green Algae
Water environment pollution have been accelerated by the point and nonpoint sources . In the closed water
bodies, abnormal growth of blue-green algae has become to big environment issues.
Closed water bodies
Industrial wastewater
Domestic wastewater
Point source
Farm wastewaterNonpoint
source
Inflow from Outside
Point Pollution Sources Sewage System, Johkasou
Livestock / Fishery ( Effluent Control & Structure / Specification Regulation )
Non-point Pollution SourcesFarms, Cities, Nature
(Proper Fertilization, Rainwater Seepage.)
<Inside Lakes>Internally produced pollution loads
( 1 mg of algae = COD 0.5 mg ) Accumulated pollution load
Lakes
Pollution Load from
Point SourcesPollution Load from
Non-point Sources
Dredging, Aeration, Water ConveyanceConservation/ Reclamation of Lake Vicinities
Water
Quality
Preservation
Water Use
Problems
Lake Reclamation
Safety
Natural Factors
Social Factors
* Point Pollution Sources, Non-point Pollution Sources
Watershed Control Measures
To effectively introduce the Bio-Eco Engineering system to Lakes as a measure technology for lake conservation and management and disperse to other Asian region.
To collect the necessary environmental information of Lakes simultaneously for developing the model analyses, and enact the training related to the technique of the model simulation.
To establish a network in Asian region based on the “Guideline on the Management for Establishment of Eco-Sound Watershed Environment of Lakes and Marshes”.
To establish the strategy for appropriate watershed management measures linked to the application development of lake preservation and management with national projects.
To exchange the opinions and address the future prospective for practical direction creation of water environmental reproduction.
Action Plan and Prospectivein corporation with Asian Countries
EUTROPHIC LAKE need Restoration
Lake
TAIHU
Size is 15 times in comparison with Lake KASUMIGAURA, super Eutrophic lake and National
important lake which need argent restoration
Bloom of Cyanobacteria in Lake Taihuabout 10 years ago
Abnormal growth of algae at Taihu Lake in CHINA
at present (July 2007)
Algae Removal Working
Small size compact combined wastewater
treatment system
Middle size compact combined wastewater
treatment system
Advanced wastewater treatment JOHKASOU that removes N / P and controls GHGs
Ratios between black water and gray water in basic units
Basic unit for volume of water (l・person-1・day-1)
Others (g ・person-1・day-1)
Gray waterBlack water
Volume of water BOD T-P
50
150
13
27
0.4
0.6
200 l・person-1・day-1
40 g・person-1・day-1
T-N
2.0
8.0
10 g・person-1・day-1
1 g・person-1・day-1
Standard of BOD/T-N/T-P are 200, 45, 5mg・l -1
Biological filtering tankBowls made from ceramics
recycled from bottom sludge of Lake Kasumigaura
5 – 9 mm
Domestic
wastewater
Circulatory Biological Filtering System for Advanced Wastewater treatment (Flow adjustable)
Inflow
Outflow
Flow can be adjusted to cover increases in water volumein the morning and evening.
Nitrification and denitrification by anaerobic and aerobic circulation remove nitrogen. Sludge can be recycled into ceramics.
Baffle board
Back wash drain pipe
Flow shift gate
First chamber of aerobic filter bed tank
Second chamber of aerobic filter
bed tank
Circulation unit
Back wash pump
Aeration pipe
Outfall
Sterilizing tank
Treated water tank
Biologicalfiltering tank
Circula-
tion
循環循環Circula-
tion
循環循環
Combining Eutrophication/Global WarmingCountermeasures in Advanced Distributed
Treatment Systems
Phosphorus Removal System
Nitrogen removal reaction tank
Nitrification reaction tank
Circulation
Nitrification reaction(aerobic conditions)
NH4+ NH2OH NO2
- NO3-
[Issue]GHG production
control- Methane gas
production control
Principles of N2O Production
Control methane gas production by efficient
anaerobic reaction conditions adjusted to load conditions
Control nitrous oxide production by running efficient denitrification
reaction processes
[Issue]GHG production
control- Nitrous oxide
production control
Stabilizing phosphorus removal performanceResponse to water temperature,
quantity and influx load- Inhibition by hydroxide ions in influx water- Optimize current value for load fluctuation
CH4 CO2
BOD 200 mg・ l-1
T-N 50 mg・ l-1
T-P 5 mg・ l-1
BOD 10 mg・ l-1
T-N 10 mg・ l-1
T-P 1 mg・ l-1
N2O
NO3-NO2
-NON2
Denitrification reaction(facultative conditions)
Yearly change in population with sewerage facilities
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Popula
tion (
mill
ion)
Fiscal year
Total population
Flush toilet-
Furnished
population
Population with
sewerage
facilities
Johkasou-
furnished
population
Phosphorus removal reaction when using the iron electrolysis process
H+
OH FePO4
sedimentation
Fe3+ PO4
3+
Iro
n e
lectr
od
e
(an
od
e)
e H2 gas
H+
Iron
ele
ctro
de
(ca
tho
de
)
e
e
e
Anode: Fe=Fe2+
+2e
Fe2+Fe
3+ Cathode: 2H
++2e=H2
M3+ + PO43 MPO4
Agglutination reaction of phosphorus
Leap Frog
Paradigm Shift for Low Carbon Society
Oil・Coal
Wind Power
Solar Power
Utilization
Advanced Save Energy Johkasou System
Fossil Fuel
Natural Energy
Committee System of Johkasou Estimation in Japan
President Yuhei INAMORI (Fukusima University)
Member Tosihiro SANKAI (Research of Constraction)
Member Jyun NAKAJIMA (Ritumeikan University)
Member Kazuo YAMAMOTO (Tokyo University)
Member Kai-Qin XU (NIES)
Member Takahiro SAKATANI (Johkasou System Society )
The Building Center of Japan (BCJ)
Kourinn ISIHARA, Hiroki Inoue, Ryuji TANAKA
・Advanced N/P Removal Type Johkasou
・Reducton of sludge, Sludge treatment
・Advanced/Efficient Johkasou Estimation Development
・Follow-up of installed Johkasou , Analysis/Estimation
/improvement Standard formation
・Promotion Relationship between Ministry of
Environment (Maintenance)and Ministry of
Land,Infrastructure and Transport (Structure)
・Active Internationaly spreading Advanced Johkasou
・Development of Disposer type Johkasou System
Estimation Content of Committee
Operation/Location of Exa.
Enforcement of Examination
Kinds of Examination
Request of Authorization by maker
Examination by Method of Standard
Natural TemperatureMethod (1 year)
Minister of Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport Authorization:After authorization , Private Company can be started Selling.
( (General Estimation )
[Individual
Estimation]
BCJ JohkasouTesting Station
Grade of Examination Issue
(BCJ Registration Member )
Grade of Examination
Issue (Testing Station )
Submission of Application Estimation Form to BCJ( The Building Center of Japan: Authorize )
On-Site Raw Water Control Station
Special Items
BCJ Registration Member
Temperature CotrolMethod (4 month )
Flow on Authorization of Johkasou JAPAN National Standard
Opening Ceremony on JOHKASOU Estimation Facility in CHINA
Opening address of CRAES President Meng Wei
COMPUTER Control Panel
Advanced Johkasou Facility Computer Control
Room
Estimation of Advanced JOHKASOU System
Low temperature (13C) load testing
Constant temperature (20C) normal load testing
Constant temperature (20C) short time load testing
Control of BOD, N and P to the standard concentrations
Wastewater
PTemperature-
controlled chamber (set at 20C or 13C)
Testing evaluation
tank
Chinese-compatible testing facility for
performance evaluation
Low temperature load testing
Constant temperature normal load testing
Constant temperature short time load testing
13C
20C
Time elapsed since acclimation ended
Week
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time elapsed since acclimation ended
Week
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
KQ 1Q 0.5Q
Environment controls which can be adapted to the various ranges of water temperature and the various loads in different areas in China
The structure and the control technology development of the Johkasou incorporating the temperature-controlled, short term
evaluation testing method
Microanimals in Johkasou for Estimation
Abnormal Amoeba
Anaerobic TypeFilamentous Bacteia
Anaerobic Type Protozoa
Normal Amoeba
Rotifera Cepalodella Rotifera Lecane Rotifera Monostylla
Rotifera Philodina
Egg of Rotefera Cilliate Movement of Philodina
Microanimals in Johkasou for Estimation
Protozoa Epistylis Protozoa Sarcodina Protozoa Coleps
Protozoa Euplotes
Micro metazoa Aeolosma Micro metazoa Dero
Microanimals in Johkasou for Estimation
Characteristics and Outline of the Technology
Automatic Oxygen Supplying Energy-
saving Water Quality Improvement Device
for Sewage Treatment
1. Automatic calculation of the amount of oxygencorresponding to the changes of inflow load.
2. Reduction of power costs.3. Capability of advanced removal of nitrogen and
phosphorus.4. The device can be attached to equipment that conducts
intermittent aeration at a later date or can be incorporatedinto the whole unit of large-scale equipment.
5. Capable of serving a wide range of people from 20 to over 10,000.
Automatic Oxygen Supply Device (AOSD)
Researcher Dr. Ryuhei Inamori, Member of the AOSD Development of Monitoring Program in the
Laboratory Fundamental Experiment
Applications of the Technology
1. Sewage treatment system for which reduction of power consumption is necessary.2. Sewage treatment equipment that cannot remove nitrogen and phosphorus beyond the limited level because it can be attached later to equipment that conducts intermittent aeration.3. Equipment for which the operator wants to reuse purified water2. Sewage treatment with high concentration in the effluent orlarge load fluctuations (domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, brewing industry, expressways, restaurant industry, etc.)
Ripple Effects of the Technology
BOD 10 mg・L-1 or under COD 15 mg・L-1 or under T-N
10 mg・L-1 or under SS 10 mg・L -1or under T-P 1
mg・L-1 or under(Additional Coagulant Unit)
Maximum Power Consumption Reduction
is about 40-70%
*Japanese Yen
Blower capacity Ordinary use feePower consumption Yen/year
11 KW 11 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥950,400
7.5 KW 7.5 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥648,000
15 KW 15 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥1,296,000
2.2 KW 2.2 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥190,080
3.7 KW 3.7 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥319,680
5.5 KW 5.5 KW 24 hr 30 days 12 months 10 yen/KW ¥475,200
*
Status Monitoring of DO Control by AOSD
An aerobic aeration blower is generally required to be operated 24 hours a day. AOSD always inputs the dissolved oxygen level and temperatures to the CPU, calculates the nitrification and denitrification rate, and calculates appropriate on/off aeration, thereby improving water quality and reducing power consumption.
Automatic Oxygen Supplying Energy-saving Water
Quality Improvement Device for Sewage Treatment
Factory
Industrial
pretreatment
facility
Home
Manhole
Grit
chamber
Primary
sedimentatio
n basin
Aeration
tankSecondary
sedimentation
basin
Chlorination
chamber
Discharge
Sewer main Pump station
Sewage disposal plant
Sludge treatment
facility
Advanced treatment
facility
Roof park
The aeration time is long when the load of inflow organic matters is high, and the aeration time is short when the load of inflow organic matters is low.
Automatic control of the aeration air volume decreases the pH by nitrification and increases it by denitrification. Thus, AOSD is capable ofconducting advanced treatment suitable for biological treatment.
AOSD
マイクロバブルAeration time is controlled in the
activated sludge method depending on microorganisms’ oxygen consumption.
Installation of AOSDBeautiful
water
Automatic Oxygen Supply Device
AOSD is an innovative system for a low-carbon society created from the fusion with micro bubble technology. It is capable of conducting advanced treatment
on sewage with a lower power consumption.
Advanced Sewage Treatment System
Organic wastewater consists of human wastes and miscellaneous wastewater and has a typical BOD, T-N, and T-P
level of 200 mg・L-1, 50 mg・L-1, and 5mg・L-1, respectively. Daily and yearly changes in the amount of drainage
should be considered.
Future Developments and Significance of Building Distributed Systems to Create
a Low-carbon Society Introducing Bio-Eco Town
Value balanceCost-benefit effectPromote related
industriesImprove
employment
Energy recyclingResource recyclingWater recyclingEnvironmental load
materials
Overall assessment/simulation
Develop policies for bio-eco towns that integrate aquatic environment reclamation and global warming countermeasures
Environment Economy
Creating systems for low-carbon society
Low-carbon treatment systems
Advanced treatment systems for households and
offices
Advanced eco-engineering
systems
Advanced treatment systems for
water supply
Compatible with urban and rural regional features
Optimum mix of Bio-Ecosystems
Technology
Policy
Intra
regio
na
l cyclin
g
Intra
regio
na
l cyclin
gMaterials infusion
MinimizeConsumers/ Agriculture
Industry
Economic system for recycling society
GHG controlRestore water qualityand water resources
to health
CROSS-MEDIA
Build bio-eco towns where local production isfor local consumption
Environ-mental
load
Technology for recovering energy produced when garbage is recycled into resources, edible plant-based, public participation type water purification and recovery technology, technology for advanced wastewater treatment system, technology for recovering phosphorus in short supply, technology for controlling emissions of greenhouse gases
Bio-Eco Engineering is a Core Technologyfor Restoring the Global Aquatic Environment.
Best combination of Bio-Eco
Building of communities that introduce environment-friendly, resource recycling technologies required minimum
energy ,minimum maintenance
Development of environment-friendly, resource recycling technologies based on Bio-Eco Engineering
Global transmission of information
Professor Yuhei INAMORI awarded a Prize from CHINA
GOVERNMENT
Concept of ECODESIGNNatural Circulation (Water/
River / Lake / Biomass・・・・)
Human Circulation
InformationCirculation
EnergyCirculation
MaterialCirculation
SreviceCirculation
The desired future of Japanese ETV system and performance evaluation of
Johkasou1) Evaluation in each area has been made based on the
experience of the ETV system. But, in organicwastewater treatment is necessary to adjust longperiod in the length of verification test .
2) Previously, performance evaluation of Johkasou wasmade either by a general evaluation that allowedinstallation at any on-site examination, as well asindividual evaluation, which needed to be made foreach specific on-site examination .
3) ETV system can be understood as the same of thisindividual specific on-site examination evaluation.
4) In the case of ETV on general evaluation is adopted,performance evaluation of the same Johkasou isdeemed appropriate.
5) It is important to evaluate the Johkasou in China based on the JICA’s “Water Environment Restoration Model Project at Taihu Lake”.
6) In this project , similar of Bio-Eco Engineering research laboratory ( Japan’s National Institute for Environmental Studies ) was installed at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) and initiate on estimate Johkasou system.
7) It is impossible to guarantee the reliable performance of Johkasou in China , without combining two types of tests for the evaluation. Namely, “a constant-temperature short-term evaluation test”, which lasts about four months with standardized concentration of raw wastewater, and the “on-site test which lasts one year” (four seasons) with standardized concentration of raw wastewater(standard BOD/N/P).
8) Regarding the evaluation of Johkasou for
household wastewater, it is essential to introduce the
Japanese performance evaluation system, which
requires authorization by minister of the Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
instead of introducing the ETV system.
9) Regarding organic wastewater treatment, it is
essential to develop a maintenance and management
system such as water quality management and
sludge management.
10) Since sludge is biomass, a treatment system
should be devised with applications of hydrothermal
reaction (subcritical water), etc. and special
consideration for recycling and circulation.
Sustainable Development
Asian andPacific
Countries and Other
world
JAPAN
CHINA
Feedback of Technical Development
Technological Assistance
Importance of technological assistance and feedback of technical development for
establishment of Eco-Sound water environment.