Olga Denti

FACOLTÀ DI SCIENZE ECONOMICHE, GIURIDICHE E POLITICHE

CdL Economia e Gestione AziendaleUNIT 3

a.a. 2014/2015

Olga Denti

OUTLINE

Review of Unit 1-2: a/an, the, plurals, a/an + jobs, possessive ‘s, this, these, that, those

Adjectives Telling time + RC on Stress Adverbs of Frequency Prepositions of time

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INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN

We use a/an with a singular noun:a bus, a car, a dog, a fast car We use an with a noun starting with a

vowel (a, e, i, o, u): an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian

elephant, an old car, an umbrella

BUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/ (an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university).

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JOBS & PROFESSIONS

I’m a doctor – I work as a doctor She’s a nurse – She works as a nurse They are engineers – They work as engineers

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WHAT & WHERE?Job/Profession Workplace/Place of

employment

a lecturer a university

a clerk (impiegato/a) an office

a surgeon (chirurgo) a hospital

a builder (muratore) a building/construction site

a factory worker a factory

a waiter (M)/a waitress (F) a restaurant or a café

an accountant (ragioniere) an office

a lawyer (avvocato) a law firm/a lawyer’s office

a judge (giudice) a law court/a courthouse

an actor (M)/an actress (F) a theatre

a librarian (bibliotecario/a) a library

a chef/a cook a kitchen

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DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

We use the with singular and plural nouns

Unlike a/an, we use the to refer to something specific

Examples: The student is writing his exam Students study every day The students of this faculty come to

classes every day

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PLURAL NOUNS

In order to make the plural of a noun, we need to add an –s to the word end

Examples: door – doors window – windows girl – girls car – cars book – books

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HOWEVER,

Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, x, add –es: watches, successes, churches, boxes,

lashes Nouns ending in –y preceded by a

consonant go through a morphological change when adding –es:

countries, dictionaries, butterfliesBUT keys, boys

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IRREGULAR PLURALS

person/people*, man/men, woman/women, child/children**, tooth/teeth, foot/feet

* The regular form persons is mainly found in public notices, for example to indicate the number of people allowed in an elevator (BrE, lift)

** kid (plural: kids) is informal both for children and teenagers

Some nouns, especially those referring to animals, have a single form, both for the singular and the plural: sheep/sheep, fish/fish

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THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE: DETERMINERS We use this/these for things near us:

this is my pen, these are my trousers We use that/those for things far away:

that is an American car, those clothes are Italian

* This and that are singular, these and those are plural

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POSSESSIVE S

We use ‘s with a person to talk about relatives and possessions: my brother’s car, my daughter’s school, my parents’ house

We don’t use ‘s with things: NOT the house’s roof BUT the roof of the house / the house roof

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ADJECTIVES

They always precede the noun they refer to: a beautiful dress, a pretty girl, a happy child

They are neutral and, therefore, they never take the plural: my gorgeous nieces, my nice neighbors, my new pencils, my wonderful friends

They don’t agree on number and gender

SOME COMMON ADJECTIVES

A big elephant and a small elephant.

A happy baby and a sad baby

MORE ADJECTIVES

A tall basketball player and a short basketball player

An old woman and a young girl

An old car and a new car

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TELLING THE TIME: WHAT TIME IS IT?

It’s + time: it’s half past seven (BrE) v. it’s seven thirty (AmE) (7.30)

Also: What’s the time? At is used to introduce when: I get up

at 7 o’clock It’s five past nine (9.05), it’s twenty-five

to ten (9.35)

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1 one2 two3 three4 four5 five6 six7 seven8 eight9 nine10 ten

11 eleven12 twelve13 thirteen14 fourteen15 fifteen16 sixteen17 seventeen18 eighteen19 nineteen20 twenty

21 twenty-one22 twenty-two23 twenty-three24 twenty-four25 twenty-five26 twenty-six27 twenty-seven28 twenty-eight29 twenty-nine30 thirty

NUMBERS 1 - 30

31 thirty-one40 forty 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three64 sixty-four75 seventy-five86 eighty-six97 ninety-seven100 one hundred

Pronunciation: 13 thirTEEN (second syllable) BUT 30 THIRty (first syllable)

NUMBERS 31 - 100

WHAT TIME IS IT?

READING COMPREHENSION p. 30

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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

HOW OFTEN … ? SAfVO: Subject + Adverb of frequency

+ Verb except for the verb to be. In this case, the adverb goes after to be

E.g., Jane always plays tennis on Saturdays; they are sometimes boring

How often do you go to the gym? I normally go twice a week.

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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Never/hardly ever – the verb goes in the affirmative form: e.g., She never watches TV, He hardly ever goes swimming

Adverbs of frequency: always, usually, never, hardly ever, sometimes, often, normally, usually

I usually play volleyball on Mondays and Thursdays

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PREPOSITIONS OF TIMEIN ATIn + part of the day (in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening)In + year (in 1983)In + month (in September)In + seasons (in the winter)

At + night, at + midnight, at + middayAt + lunchtimeAt + the weekendAt + hour (at 3 o’clock)At + holiday (at Christmas, at Easter, at new Year)

ON /On + date (on July 17th, on March 13th 1972)On + week day (on Monday)On + week day + part of the day (on Tuesday morning)On + my birthdayOn + Christmas Day, on + Easter Day

NextLastTomorrowToday

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EXERCISES & HOMEWORK

Exercises pp. 36-37 Connectors (and, or, but, because) and

sequencers (then, before/after) Homework: Write an article for a

magazine: “My favourite day”. Follow the instructions. Send it to odenti@unica.it