OLED Devices and OLED Devices and ApplicationsApplications

By Sarkis ArabyanBy Sarkis Arabyan

2344982623449826

12/4/0812/4/08

OutlineOutline

MotivationMotivation How OLED worksHow OLED works Types of OLEDsTypes of OLEDs Advantages and ChallengesAdvantages and Challenges Current and Future ApplicationsCurrent and Future Applications

MotivationMotivation

41 in Samsung Prototype

How OLED WorksHow OLED Works CathodeCathode Emissive LayerEmissive Layer Conductive LayerConductive Layer AnodeAnode SubstrateSubstrate

How OLED WorksHow OLED Works1.1. Voltage applied across Voltage applied across

Cathode and AnodeCathode and Anode1.1. Typically 2V-10VTypically 2V-10V

2.2. Current flows from Current flows from cathode to anodecathode to anode

1.1. Electrons flow to emissive Electrons flow to emissive layerlayer

2.2. Electrons removed from Electrons removed from conductive layer leaving conductive layer leaving holesholes

3.3. Holes jump into emissive Holes jump into emissive layerlayer

3.3. Electron and hole Electron and hole combine and light emittedcombine and light emitted

How OLED WorksHow OLED Works

Different Colors Different Colors type of organic molecule type of organic molecule

in the emissive layer in the emissive layer 3 molecules used -RGB3 molecules used -RGB

Intensity/brightnessIntensity/brightness amount of currentamount of current

Types of OLEDsTypes of OLEDs

Passive-matrix OLEDPassive-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLEDActive-matrix OLED Transparent OLEDTransparent OLED Top-emitting OLEDTop-emitting OLED Foldable OLEDFoldable OLED White OLEDWhite OLED

1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)

Perpendicular Perpendicular cathode/anode strip cathode/anode strip orientationorientation

Light emitted at intersection Light emitted at intersection (pixels)(pixels)

External circuitryExternal circuitry Turns on/off pixelsTurns on/off pixels

External circuitryExternal circuitry Large power consumptionLarge power consumption

Used on 1-3 inch screensUsed on 1-3 inch screens Alphanumeric displaysAlphanumeric displays

Full layers of cathode, Full layers of cathode, anode, organic anode, organic moleculesmolecules

Thin Film Transistor Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of matrix (TFT) on top of anodeanode Internal circuitry to Internal circuitry to

determine which pixels to determine which pixels to turn on/offturn on/off

Less power consumed Less power consumed then PMOLEDthen PMOLED Used for larger displaysUsed for larger displays

2. Active-Matrix OLED 2. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)(AMOLED)

3. Transparent OLED3. Transparent OLEDTOLEDTOLED

Transparent substrate, Transparent substrate, cathode and anodecathode and anode

Bi-direction light Bi-direction light emissionemission

Passive or Active Matrix Passive or Active Matrix OLED OLED

Useful for heads-up Useful for heads-up displaydisplay Transparent projector Transparent projector

screenscreen glassesglasses

4. Top-emitting OLED4. Top-emitting OLEDTEOLEDTEOLED

Non-transparent or Non-transparent or reflective substratereflective substrate

Transparent CathodeTransparent Cathode Used with Active Used with Active

Matrix DeviceMatrix Device Smart card displaysSmart card displays

5. Foldable OLED5. Foldable OLED

Flexable metalic Flexable metalic foil or plastic foil or plastic substratesubstrate

Lightweight and Lightweight and durabledurable

Reduce display Reduce display breakingbreaking

Clothing OLEDClothing OLED

6. White OLED6. White OLED

Emits bright white Emits bright white lightlight

Replace fluorescent Replace fluorescent lightslights

Reduce energy Reduce energy cost for lightingcost for lighting

True Color True Color QualitiesQualities

6. White OLED6. White OLEDCellphone backlight white OLED vs standard LED from Organic Lighting Technologies LLC

OLED Advantages over LED and OLED Advantages over LED and LCDLCD

Thinner, lighter and more flexibleThinner, lighter and more flexible Plastic substrates rather then glassPlastic substrates rather then glass High resolution (<5um pixel size) and fast High resolution (<5um pixel size) and fast

switching (1-10um)switching (1-10um) Do not require backlight, light generatedDo not require backlight, light generated Low voltage, low power and emissive sourceLow voltage, low power and emissive source Robust Design (Plastic Substrate)Robust Design (Plastic Substrate) Larger sized displaysLarger sized displays Brighter- good daylight visibilityBrighter- good daylight visibility Larger viewing angles -170Larger viewing angles -170oo

OLED DisadvantagesOLED Disadvantages

LifetimeLifetime White, Red, Green White, Red, Green 46,000-230,000 hours 46,000-230,000 hours

• About 5-25 yearsAbout 5-25 years Blue Blue 14,000 hours 14,000 hours

• About 1.6 yearsAbout 1.6 years

ExpensiveExpensive Susceptible to waterSusceptible to water Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD marketOvercome multi-billion dollar LCD market

ApplicationsApplications

Kodak LS633 EasyShare with OLED display The Sony 11-inch XEL-1 OLED TV

Samsung Roadmap• 2009 - 14,15, and 21 inch OLED panel• 2010 - 40 to 42 inch full HD OLED panel

Toshiba Roadmap•2009 – 30 inch Full HD panel

ApplicationsApplications

From OLED Technology Roadmap

ApplicationsApplications

A 2'x2' white light prototype by GE World’s First OLED Lamp

ApplicationsApplications

http://www.oled-info.com/buy-oled

ConclusionsConclusions

Limited use caused by degradation of Limited use caused by degradation of materials.materials.

OLED will replace current LED and LCD OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologiestechnologies

ExpensiveExpensive Flexibility and thinness will enable many Flexibility and thinness will enable many

applicationsapplications

Work CitedWork Cited Bardsley, James. "International OLED Technology Roadmap." Bardsley, James. "International OLED Technology Roadmap." IEEE IEEE

JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICSELECTRONICS. Jan. 2004. IEEE. . Jan. 2004. IEEE. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=01288066>. arnumber=01288066>.

Freudenrich, Craig, Ph.D. "How OLEDs Work." Freudenrich, Craig, Ph.D. "How OLEDs Work." HowstuffworksHowstuffworks. . 2008. 2008. <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm>.<http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm>.

OLED-info. "OLED Lights and Sony OLEDs." OLED-info. "OLED Lights and Sony OLEDs." OLED displays and OLED displays and

television resources, info and newstelevision resources, info and news. . 2008. 2008. <http://www.oled-info.com/>. <http://www.oled-info.com/>.

Organic Lighting Technologies. "Technology." Organic Lighting Technologies. "Technology." Organic Organic Lighting Lighting Technologies LLCTechnologies LLC. 2006. <http://www.o-. 2006. <http://www.o- lite.com/technology.htm>. lite.com/technology.htm>.

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