older driver support system

Center for Transportation Safety

Older Driver Support System

Michael Manser Laura Higgins

Samantha Haynes Catie Cecil

Human Factors Program Manager

Center for Transportation Safety Texas A&M Transportation Institute

Texas A&M University

Project Sponsored by the ATLAS Center

Driving and the Lifespan

FARS, 2013

How can we help seniors drive more safety?

Understand Senior Drivers

Understand Crash

Problem

Solution Concepts

Develop and Test Solution

Older Driver Challenges

Static Visual Acuity Divided Attention

Dynamic Visual Acuity Working Memory Contrast Sensitivity Executive Function (Judgment/Decision-Making)

Visual Fields Spatial Abilities Depth and Motion Perception Knowledge

Dark Adaptation & Glare Recovery

Head/Neck/Trunk Range of Motion

Speed of Processing Arm Strength/ Range of Motion/ Speed of

Movement

Selective Attention Leg Strength/ Range of Motion/ Speed of

Movement Hearing

Staplin, L., Lococo, K. H., Martell, C., & Stutts, J. (2012). Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk. Washington DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.


Older Driver Crashes

Research • Turning left at an intersection with stop-sign control, where cross

traffic does not stop • Turning left at an intersection with signal control, where the

permissive (not protected) green phase was displayed during the driver’s approach

• Turning right at an intersection controlled by a yield sign, in a channelized right-turn lane, merging with traffic approaching from the left on a principal arterial with operating speeds of 40-45 mph

• Merging onto a limited access highway, in a ramp/acceleration lane controlled by a yield sign

• Changing lanes on a multilane roadway (4+ lanes).

Staplin, Lococo, Martell, & Stutts, 2012


How can we help older drivers drive more safely? Potential Solutions

Driver Feedback - Real time info to driver about errors/unsafe behavior

Vehicle Adaptation - Alter some aspect of vehicle performance based on driver behavior or situation

Reporting - Record, summarize, and transmit for later review

Coaching - Intermediary interprets and provides explicit guidance

External Motivation - Formal incentives based on monitored behavior

7

Strategies for Vehicle-Based Technology (Lerner, Jenness, Singer, Klauer, Lee, Donath, Manser & Ward, 2010)

Potential Solutions

Teen Drivers Mature Drivers

Abs

ent

Pre

sent

Tech

nolo

gy

Technology and the Driving Lifespan

Feedback

Coaching

Reporting

Feedback

Coaching

Warnings

But how do we do this in an inexpensive, easy to deploy, readily available package that can be used easily by seniors?


Smartphone App as a Driver Support System

Primary Variables • Participant Number • Date,Time • GPS - Lat, Long, Alt • GPS - Bearing • GPS - Velocity • IMU - g force X, Y, Z

Secondary/Calculated Variables • Distance, Elapsed Time • Lat, Long, Vert acceleration • Accel/Decel point • Accel/Decel rate • Max Accel/Decel X, Y, Z • Incline/Decline • Variability in X, Y, Z • etc


How do we drive?

What speeds do drivers select?

Where do drivers begin to slow?

Decel/accel rates? Minimum speed?

Maximum speed? Time in speed zone?


Speed and Speed x g, Three Trials S

traig

ht D

rivin

g B

rake

at S

top

Sig

n

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103

109

115

121

127

133

139

145

151

157

163

169

175

181

187

193

199

205

211

217

223

229

235

241

247

253

259

265

271

277

283

289

295

301

307

313

319

325

331

337

343

Spee

d (m

ph)

Distance from Start

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101

106

111

116

121

126

131

136

141

146

151

156

161

166

171

176

181

186

191

196

201

Spee

d (m

ph)

Distance from Start

-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2

00.20.40.60.8

1

0 10 20 30 40

Long

itudi

nal G

For

ce

Speed (mph)

1st and 2nd Brake Event Greatest braking g per event

Are drivers braking for a stop sign at an appropriate distance? Are they surprised…quick response braking?

What additional signage/sight distance/geometrics could support improved stopping profiles?


G Force in a Left Curve

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Approach PC PI PT Depart

G-F

orce

(g)

Point Along the Curve

Lateral G-Force for Curve

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Trial 4

Trial 5

Trial 6

Should curve speed be partly determined by a g force that is acceptable to a driver?

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Approach PC PI PT Depart

G-F

orce

(g)

Point Along the Curve

Average Lateral G-Force Along the Curve


ODSS Development Model

Major and Minor Crash

Types

Senior Driver Limitations

Assistance Needed

Driver Support System

Information Source Information Location Type of Message Pre programmed Real Time

Und

erst

and

the

Pro

blem

P

oten

tial S

olut

ion

Previous

Research

CD

RS

CD

RS

R

esearch Team

PR

OC

ES

S

SO

UR

CE

OF

INFO

RM

ATION


ODSS

Speed Subsystem Maneuver Subsystem Lane Control Subsystem Driving Context Subsystem • Stop sign, TOD, weather

Reminder Subsystem • Awareness/SA (check mirrors, check blind

spots, speed limit awareness, scan before change lanes, complex interchange)

• Technique (space between vehicles, lane position)


Current Status

• Identify Crash Types • Identify Senior Driver Limitations and Capabilities • Interview CDRS • Identify Tentative System Information and Feedback • Design System • Program Older Driver Support System

• Test with Drivers • Test with CDRS • Expand System – Roadway Database

Don

e C

urre

nt

Futu

re


Contact Information Michael Manser Human Factors Program Manager [email protected]

older driver support system

Data & Analytics