olden times, gaea, the titans, cronus pg 1-15 facts …€¦ · olden times, gaea, the titans,...
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Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Olden times, gaea, the titans, cronus
Pg 1-15
Facts to Know
Gaea Mother Earth, mother of all living things
Uranus Father Sky
Titans & Titanesses first Children of Earth and Uranus; giants
Cyclopes one-eyed children of Earth and Uranus
Tartarus the deepest, darkest pit of the earth
Cronus youngest Titan; overcame Uranus
Rhea wife and sister of Cronus; a Titaness
Zeus youngest child of Cronus; King of gods
Crete island where Zeus was raised
Vocabulary:
1. Magnificent to behold: __________________________________________
2. Warm and bountiful mother: _____________________________________
3. Lord of the universe: ____________________________________________
4. Tremendously strong smiths: _____________________________________
5. Looked at them with disgust: _____________________________________
6. Of hardest flint: ________________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
7. She fashioned a sickle: __________________________________________
8. his monstrous brothers: _________________________________________
9. But Rhea mourned (mourn): ______________________________________
Comprehension Questions:
1. How were the Greek gods similar to mortals in olden times? How were they different?
2. What did Uranus do to upset Mother Earth?
3. Who became first Lord of the Universe and how did he acquire (get) this position?
4. What did Cronus do to all of his children? Why?
5. How did Rhea and Mother Earth fool Cronus?
6. Who was the sixth child of Rhea, hidden in youth?
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 2
Zeus and His Family
Pg 16 – 21
Facts to Know
Amaltheia fairy god, horns flowed with ambrosia and nectar
Aegis breastplate of Zeus
Metis first wife of Zeus; goddess of prudence
Prometheus, Epimeteus Titans who left to join Zeus in revolt
Lightning bolt Zeus’s weapon; symbol of his power
Atlas strongest Titan; carries the sky on his shoulders
Typhoon and Echidna monsters sent by Mother Earth to fight Zeus
Mount Olympus highest mountain in Greece; home of the gods
Iris fleet-footed messenger of gods; traveled on a rainbow
Hestia goddess of the hearth; daughter of Cronus
Vocabulary
1. Tended by gently nymphs: _________________________________________________
2. An impenetrable breastplate: _______________________________________________
3. Goddess of prudence: _____________________________________________________
4. Cunningly tricked him: _____________________________________________________
5. The herb would make him unconquerable: ____________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
6. Frothing waves stood mountain high: _________________________________________
7. Venom dripped from his evil eyes: ___________________________________________
8. Echidna, his hideous mate: _________________________________________________
9. She cowered (cower) in a cave: ______________________________________________
10. A gown of iridescent drops: _________________________________________________
Comprehension Questions:
1. What good advice did Metis give Zeus regarding Cronus?
2. List the allies of Zeus and describe how Metis helped Zeus acquire them.
3. Who were Prometheus and Epimeteus? Why did they join Zeus in the fight with the
Titans?
4. What were the weapons the Cyclopes made for Zues and his brothers?
5. Describe the monsters, Typhon and Echidna.
6. Who built the palace for the gods? Describe it.
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 3
The Twelve Golden Thrones
(pg 22-23)
Facts to know
Hera queen of gods
Ares god of war
Hephaestus god of smiths and fire
Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty
Hermes herald of the gods; god of those living by wits
Demeter goddess of the harvest
Poseidon lord of the sea
Athena goddess of wisdom
Artemis goddess of the hunt
Apollo god of light and music
Dionysus god of wine
Vocabulary
1. The gleaming hall of the palace: _____________________________________________
2. Reigned (reign) over heaven and earth: _______________________________________
3. Herald of the gods: ________________________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
4. Goddess of the hearth:_____________________________________________________
5. The sacred fire in the hall: __________________________________________________
6. Every hearth …was her altar: _______________________________________________
7. Gloomy palace in the underworld: ___________________________________________
8. Divine ichor flowed in their veins:____________________________________________
9. Divine ichor flowed in their veins: ____________________________________________
10. There were violent quarrels:_________________________________________________
Comprehension questions
1. Name the gods and goddesses who sat on the Twelve Golden Thrones.
2. List the five gods on the thrones who were Zeus’ siblings.
3. Who sat on Demeter’s lap?
4. Who was the gentlest of all the Olympians? Explain her seat.
5. Who was the lord of the dead? Where did he reside?
6. Why could the gods and goddesses live forever?
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 4
Hera and hephaestus
(pg 24-29)
Facts to know
Garden of Hesperides Hera’s secret garden in the west
Io Zeus’ bride; he turned her into a white cow
Argus Hera’s watchman with 100 eyes
Peacock reminder of Argus with 100 eyes on her tail
Bosporous cow ford
Egypt country where Io was worshipped as Queen
Hephaestus god of smiths and fire; Aphrodite’s husband
Lemnos island Hephaestus landed on
Thetis sea-goddess; nursed Hephaestus to health
Cyclopes metal smiths; Hephaestus’ helpers
Vocabulary
1. Golden apples of immortality: ______________________________________________
2. Pursued by the gadfly: ____________________________________________________
3. Escape from its tormenting sting: ____________________________________________
4. Jumped across the strait:__________________________________________________
5. The cow ford: ___________________________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
6. Had not at all been in vain: ________________________________________________
7. God of smiths and fire:____________________________________________________
8. Forges inside volcanoes: ___________________________________________________
9. They worked his bellows:___________________________________________________
10. The din of the hammers: ___________________________________________________
Comprehension questions
1. Describe Hera.
2. What gift did Mother Earth give Hera as a wedding gift? Where did she keep the gift?
3. Describe Argus.
4. What did Hermes do to rescue Io?
5. Why is the strait between Asia Minor and Europe called the “cow ford”?
6. Describe Hephaestus. Why did he walk like a “flickering flame”?
7. Describe Hephaestus’ work.
8. Describe Hephaestus’ workshop and its location. How can one tell if he is working?
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 5
Aphrodite, ares & athena
(pg 30-37)
Facts to know
Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty
Cythera flowering island home of Aphrodite
Three Graces goddesses of beauty; attendants of Aphrodite
Eros Aphrodite’s son, also known as Cupid
Ares god of war
Golden Apple of Discord caused war when thrown by Eris
Athena goddess of wisdom, defensive war, arts and crafts
Metis mother of Athena; goddess of prudence
Nike spirit of victory
Arachne turned into a spider for boasting and irreverence
Athens Athena’s favorite city, famous for arts and crafts
Vocabulary
1. Bedecked (bedeck) her with sparking jewels:___________________________________
2. The most lavish jewels: ____________________________________________________
3. Wove magic into the filigree work:____________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
4. Eris was sinister and mean:_________________________________________________
5. Pain, panic, famine, and oblivion:_____________________________________________
6. Pain, panic, famine, and oblivion:_____________________________________________
7. She loathed (loathe) his vain strutting:________________________________________
8. Wonderfully skilled at the loom:_____________________________________________
9. An irreverent scene making fun of Zeus:_______________________________________
10. Vainglorious girl: _________________________________________________________
Comprehension questions
1. Since Aphrodite had no mother or father, how did she come to be?
2. Why was Zeus eager to find Aphrodite a husband? Whom did he choose and why?
3. What happened to a person stung by Cupid’s arrows?
4. How did Athena come to be?
5. Contrast Ares and Athena.
6. What four things always follow war?
7. Why was Arachne turned into a spider?
8. Detail the gifts Athena and Poseidon gave to Athens; explain why Athena’s was selected.
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 10
Prometheus (minor god)
(pg 70-73)
Facts to know
Three Fates goddesses of destiny; decide how long mortals should live
Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos name of each of the Three Fates
Nemesis saw to it that evil and good were repaid
Prometheus man’s creator and best friend
Epimetheus creator of animals; Prometheus’ brother
Caucasus Mountains where Prometheus was eternally punished
Vocabulary
1. Repopulating (repopulate) the earth: ___________________________________
2. Gifts to bestow: ________________________________________________________
3. Lavished (lavish) the good gifts:____________________________________________
4. A hollow stalk of fennel:____________________________________________________
5. He was appeased (appease):________________________________________________
6. Food of ambrosia and nectar:_______________________________________________
7. Food of ambrosia and nectar:_______________________________)_______________
8. Hidden under sinews and bones:_____________________________________________
9. He resolved (resolve) to punish:_____________________________________________
10. More subtle way to punish: ________________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Comprehension questions
1. What was the job of each of the Three Fates?
2. What good gifts did animals get when Epimetheus modeled them?
3. What did Prometheus do for men to compensate for their lack of gifts?
4. What happened to men after they received Prometheus’ gift?
5. How did Prometheus offend Zeus?
6. What was Prometheus’ punishment?
7. How did Zeus punish the mortals?
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 11
Pandora, deucalion
(pg 74-79)
Facts to know
Pandora curiosity led her to release miseries from her jar
Deucalion Prometheus’ son, father of a new race of men
Pyrrha Deucalion’s virtuous wife
Deucalion’s Race a stronger race of mortals; better able endure miseries
Aeolus keeper of winds; Deaucalion’s grandson
Boreas the North Wind; icy and wild
Notus the South Wind; foggy and heavy
Zephyr the West Wine; gentle and pleasant
Eurus the East Wind; least important
Vocabulary
1. Insatiable curiosity :___________________________________
2. Awestruck by her wondrous beauty: __________________________________________
3. A horde of miseries:____________________________________________
4. the unleashed (unleash) miseries:___________________________________________
5. to build an ark:_____________________________________________
6. his virtuous wife:_____________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
7. lonesome and forlorn:________________________________________
8. lit it again with the embers:_____________________________________________
9. touched by their piety:_______________________________________
10. plague mankind: ________________________________________________
Comprehension questions
1. What gifts did Zeus give Pandora?
2. What escaped from Pandora’s box when she opened it? What was saved?
3. What problems did Pandora’s box create? How did Zeus resolve this?
4. How were Deucalion and Pyrrha able to escape the flood?
5. Zeus asked Deucalion to throw “bones of your mother.” What did he mean?
6. What was the new race of mortals called? How was this race better than the previous
one?
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
Lesson 21
Theseus
(pg 148-157)
Facts to know
King Minos King of Crete; son of Zeus and Europa
Theseus young hero from Troezan; defeated he Cretan Minotaur
Pasiphae Queen of Crete; daughter of Helios
Minotaur creature that is half man, half bull
Aegeus King of Athens; father of Theseus
Daedalus famous architect; built palace of Cnossus
Ariadne King Minos’ daughter; wife of Dionysus
Icarus son of Daedalus
Pirithous Theseus’ best friend; King of the Lapith people
Vocabulary
1. Surrounded by his domain :___________________________________
2. A labyrinth under the palace: ______________________________________
3. Proclaimed Theseus:____________________________________________
4. They hoisted their sail:___________________________________________
5. Scalded him to death:_____________________________________________
6. His inseparable friend:_____________________________________________
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
7. They became boisterous and rowdy:________________________________________
8. He became a widower:_____________________________________________
9. Tried vainly to get up:_______________________________________________
10. Shown too great irreverence: ______________________________________________
Comprehension questions
11. Describe the Palace of Cnossus.
12. Describe the Cretan Minotaur.
13. Why was Athens forced to send seven maidens and seven youths to Crete every
year?
14. How did Theseus kill the Minotaur? Who helped him?
15. What tragic mistake did Theseus make upon his return to Athens?
16. Why was Daedalus in prison and how did he escape? What happened to Icarus?
17. How was Theseus remembered by history?
18. Describe Pirithous’ friendship with Theseus.
Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Block: _______
19. According to the myth, why do Athenians have lean legs?