old-oil storage tanking facility.pdf

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OIL STORAGE TANKING

FACILITIES -

FIRE PROTECTION

R.Govindarajan

Managing Director & CEO

Agnice



OIL STORAGE

Is where combustible/flammable liquids are received by tanker,pipelines, tank wagons, tank trucks and are stored or blended in bulk forthe purpose of distribution by tankers, pipelines, tank wagons, tanktrucks, portable tanks or containers.



MAJOR FIRES IN TANK FARMS

Jaipur (India) Terminal29th October 2009

Buncefield (UK) Depot11th December 2005



NEED FOR FIRE PROTECTION

The petroleum depots & terminals are generally located in the remoteareas.

However, experience shows that with the passage of time, these get

surrounded by residential / industrial installations.

The inventory of flammable materials stored therein necessitates inbuiltfire protection facilities.

A fire in one facility can endanger other facility of thedepot/terminal, if not controlled/extinguished as quicklyas possible to minimize the loss of life & property andprevent further spread of fire.



LASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUMGeneral Classification

Petroleum products other than LPG which is a separate category, are classifiedaccording to their closed cup Flash Point as follows :-

Petroleum Class A means petroleum having a flash point below23 deg C.

Petroleum Class B means petroleum having a flash point of 23 deg C andabove but below 65 deg C.

Petroleum Class C means petroleum having a flash point of 65 deg C andabove but below 93 deg C.

Excluded Petroleum means petroleum having a flash point above 93 deg C

The locations where product is handled by artificially heating it to above it’sflash point, Class C product shall be considered as Class B product and class

B product as Class A product.



CODES & STANDARDS No.72-289 - French Regulation for Hydrocarbon Depots.

Model Code of Safe Practices The Institute of Petroleum (U.K.)

International Safe Practices of Oil Industry.

OISD 117 – Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals,

Pipeline Installations and Lube Oil Installations. NFPA Codes

ROP Civil Defence Codes



FIRE PROTECTION BASIS

It can be impractical and prohibitively costly to design fire protectionfacilities to control catastrophic fires.

The usual requirement of a good system is to prevent emergencies fromdeveloping into major threat to the oil installation and surroundings.

Facilities shall be designed on the basis that city fire water supply is notavailable close to the installation.

One single largest risk shall be considered for providing Fire ProtectionFacilities.



FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Depending on the nature of risk, following fire protection facilitiesshall be provided in the installation.

Fire Water Pumping System. Fire Water Network Spray System. Foam System. Clean Agent Protection System. First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment. Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment. Fire Detection, Alarm & Communication System.



FIRE WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

Main, Stand-by & Jockey Pumps

Fire water pumps & storage shall be located at 30 m (minimum) awayfrom equipment or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored.

Fire water pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purpose only.

The effective capacity of the reservoir/tank above the level of suctionpoint shall be minimum 4 hours aggregate rated capacity of pumps.

Pumping System to comply NFPA 20



FIRE WATER NETWORK Tank Wagon (TW)/Tank Truck (TT) loading/unloadingfacilities, Manifold area of product pump house &Exchange pit shall be fully covered with a well laid outcombination of hydrants and water-cum-foam monitors.

Water is used for fire extinguishments, fire control, coolingof equipment, exposure protection of equipment andpersonnel from heat radiation.

Fire water system shall be designed for a minimumresidual pressure of 7kg/cm2(g) at hydraulically remotestpoint in the installation considering single largest risk

scenario. To Confirm NFPA 14, 24 & ROP Civil DefenceRegulations.



SPRAY SYSTEM The installations storing Class A petroleum in above ground tanks shall have

fixed water spray system.

Class 'B' above ground Petroleum storage tanks (fixed roof or floating roof) ofdiameter larger than 30 m shall be provided with fixed water spray system.

When Class A & B above ground storage tanks are placed in a common dyke,the fixed water spray system shall be provided on all tanks

TW loading gantries shall be provided with manually operated fixed water spraysystem. In case automatic fixed water spray system is provided, the gantry maybe divided into suitable number of segments

Spray System shall confirm to NFPA 15



FIRE WATER FOAM SYSTEM

Fixed foam system or Semi-fixed foamsystem shall be provided on tanks(floating roof or fixed roof) exceeding18 m diameter storing Class A or ClassB petroleum.

Automatic actuated rim seal fireextinguishing system may be providedbased on foam or clean agent floodingmechanism on floating roof tankshaving diameter larger than 60 m.



FIRE WATER FOAM SYSTEM

This is in addition to the fixed water spray system and Semi-fixed foamsystem on all floating roof tanks storing Class A & B petroleum.

Foam Flooding System : Selection and design of foam based floodingsystem should be as defined in latest “Standard for Foam Systems :NFPA-11& 11A”.



FOAM CONCENTRATE

STORAGE

Foam Concentrate is stored in a dedicated FoamStorage Tank located in the facility.

The Quantity of the Foam Concentrate storedis equal to 60 Minutes operation of the FoamSystem of the Largest Risk in the Plant.

Main and Standby Foam Pumps with Foam

Proportioner is installed.

Whenever the Foam System is activated theFoam Pump Starts automatically and supply theFoam Concentrate to the Foam Protection Line.



CLEAN AGENT SYSTEM

Listed clean agents like Fluroketone and others can be used as firesuppressant in control room & computer rooms

For Storage tanks, the clean agent based protection systemconsists of an in-built fire detection, control and actuation

mechanism is used for RIM SEAL fire. When fire occurs in RIMSEAL, its heat causes one or more spray nozzles to open and theextinguishing gas (clean agent) is applied on the surface of fire andsimultaneous alarm is also sounded.

System to confirm NFPA 2001 regulations.



PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS

All fire extinguishers shall conform to respective IS/UL or Equivalentcodes, viz. 10 Kg DCP Type (IS:2171/UL 299), 4.5/6,8 Kg CO2 Type(IS:2878/UL 154) & 25/50/75 Kg DCP Type (IS:10658/UL 299) andbear ISI/UL mark.

Portable fire extinguishers shall be located at convenient locations andare readily accessible and clearly visible at all times.

The maximum running distance to locate an extinguisher shall notexceed 15 m.

Portable extinguishers shall be provided at strategic locations across

the Terminal. Tank Loading Gantry & Tank Farm shall be provided with Mobile

extinguishers.

To confirm NFPA 10 & ROP Civil Defence regulations



FIRE DETECTION, ALARM &COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

The fire and gas detection system provides early and reliable detection of fire or

gas, where such events are likely to occur, alerts personnel and initiatesprotective actions automatically or manually upon operator intervention.

Installed electric fire siren shall be audible to the farthest distance in theinstallation and also in the surrounding area up to1 km from the periphery of theinstallation.

Communication system like Telephone, Public Address System, etc. should beprovided in nonhazardous areas of the installation.

In hazardous areas, flameproof/ intrinsically safe Paging System, Walkie-talkiesystem or VHF Set shall be provided.



FIRE DETECTION, ALARM &COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Wherever possible hot line connection between City Fire Brigade & nearby

industries shall be provided for major installation on need basis. Installation shall have a ‘Mutual Aid’ arrangement with nearby Industries to

pool in their resources during emergency.

To Confirm NFPA 72 & ROP Civil Defence Regulation

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