old fourth ward

8/14/2019 Old Fourth Ward

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Old FourthWard [04W]Health Impact Assessment

Built Environment & Public Health

Fall 2009


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Stephanie Allen -Georgia Tech Planning

Stephanie Allen[Pursuing a Masters of City and Regional Planning, Georgia TechM.A., Philosophy & B.A., History & Philosophy of Science]

Laura Fries[Pursuing a Masters of Digital Media, Georgia TechB.A., History & Sociology]

Kathy Lanier[Pursuing a Master of Public Health, Emory UniversityB.A., Biochemistry]

Team background


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IntroductionThe built environmentsignicantly aects the publichealth. In the age of chronicdiseases there remains animportant connection betweenpopulation health and the builtenvironment. Physical spacescan expose people to toxins orpollutants and inuencelifestyles that contribute to

diabetes, coronary vasculardisease, and asthma.

Modern Public Healthstudies have moved toexamining the role ofthe built environment

Purdue, Wendy Collins, J.D.; Lesley A. Stone, JD, and LawrenceO. Gostin, JD, LLD (Hon). "The Built Environment and ItsRelationship to the Public Health: The Legal Framework"American Journal of Public Health. 2003


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Presentation OutlineThis rapid Health Impact Assessment looks at the

the Old Fourth Ward [O4W] Master Plan,researches, and presents the impacts thesepolicies and projects may have on public health.

Part four of this written assessment outlines ourrecommendations to improve health outcomes inthe Old Fourth Ward [O4W] neighborhood.

[image: study area in context with the universities]

Background[Physical Condition of Study Area, Demographic & Health Info]

Redevelopment Plan[Major Elements of the O4W Plan]Methods[Team Methodology]

Recommendations

r1. Implement Old Fourth Ward Historic Park Strategy

r2. Increase Consumption of Healthy Foods

r3. Ensure Affordable Housing throughout O4W Study Area

r4. Address Community Health and Wellness in Master Plans

Conclusion[Policy Recommendations & Future Projections]


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Background: 04W Physical ConditionPhysical conditions throughout the study area vary widely. Here are a sampling of area conditions.

Boulevard Ave. - subsidized public housing, plagued with crime,low retail opportunities, signicant foot trac

Historic Old Fourth Ward - gentrifying area, with new mixeduse development along Highland

Auburn Historic District - Pockets of restoration/tourism withinurban decay & abandoned storefronts


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Background: Demographic Statistics[2000]

[graphics courtesy o4W Master Plan.]

In 2000, the population was 7,392 and still primarily (93.7%)black. Interest in gentrification, urban revival, and thebuilding of infill housing is expected to nearly quadruple thepopulation of the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood by 2035.Median family income in 2000 was $24, 484, which issignificantly lower than the Atlanta metropolitan average.Seventy-five percent of housing units in the neighborhood in2000 were renter occupied, while another 15% were vacant--leaving only 10% of units to be owner occupied.


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Background: Population Health[Fulton County]72.9% renter-occupied housing units

04W in 2000

75 % renter occupied15 % vacant10 % owner occupied

27.4% claim disabled status68.2% have at least a high school diploma15.7% of residents are living in poverty [2006]15.8% of public middle school students have asthma

14.0%

mortality due to infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS,tuberculosis, meningitis30.2% mortality due to major cardiovascular diseases, such as highblood pressure, stroke, heart attack

Georgia Department of Health Services, 2007, from Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates

(SAIPE), 2006. Poverty Estimates for Fulton County, US Census Bureau, 2000


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Background: O4W DemographicsHigher Density & Per Capita Income Projections

[graphics courtesy o4W Master Plan]

o4W Population Trends; Actual & Projected

o4W Projected Per Capita Income


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Background: O4W DemographicsAge & Income

[graphics courtesy arch.gatech.edu]


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04W Plan OverviewLand Use Encourage higher density development to promote walking, biking, and publictransit use

Infrastructure & Facilities Improve community life, reduce crime & promote life-longlearning; stormwater management park will beautify area

Parks & Open Space New open space & community gardens, allowing residents togrow food

Urban Design Create urban form that supports walking, community life, and aesthetics

Historic Preservation Support the adaptive re-use of existing structures and thepreservation of existing social fabric

Housing & Economic DevelopmentEconomic & housing opportunities for broadpopulation spectrum; minimize potential for displacement

Transportation Reduce or eliminate need to drive in order to improve air quality andpromote public health; proposed trees along corridors and streets will clean the air, capturecarbon, and reduce urban heat island effect


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MethodsA multidisciplinary team with experience in public health,urban planning, and digital media convened to conduct ahealth impact assessment (HIA) of the Old Fourth Wardstudy area.

The team utilized the nal Old Fourth Ward Master Plan asthe basis for the HIA.

The Fulton County morbidity and mortality data, whichincluded asthma rates, birth rates, cancer, and motor vehicle

data was used to characterize the health status of the studyarea. Additional materials included urban planning journals,news sources, and CDC publications.


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r1. Fully Implement Plan forHistoric Old Fourth Ward ParkPhases 1 & 2

alone will reduceimpervious surfacearea in the park byapproximately 50%


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r1. 04w Park Plan OverviewPhase 15 acre park site with2 acre stormwater

detention feature

Phase 2 & 330 acres of greenspace

[event lawns for public gatherings,outdoor theatre, old-growth tree area,community garden, dog park, lawns,walking paths, rain gardens, picnic areas]


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r1. 04W Park Health BenefitsReducing impervious surface area can lessen heat island eect,reduce the amount ofruno, leading to fewer sewer overowsand less pollution washed into rivers and streams

Providing stormwater management lessens the probability

that drinking water will be contaminated due to seweroverow

Increasing the amount of green plants decreases carbondioxide and increases the oxygen


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r1. 04W Park Health BenefitsMature forests and gardens are carbon sinks & retain storm water in theirroot systems

Public spaces help build relationships, social capital & community ties

Community gardens have social benets, provide food security, nutritious

foods & exercise

Availability of green space is shown to increase resident walking

Contact with nature has been shown to improve self-esteem, reduceincidence of negative feelings, and reduce the magnitude of stress.


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r2. Increase Healthy FoodConsumption1 - Expand availability of healthy food

2 - Engage neighborhood families & youth ingrowing and cooking food


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r2. Expand Healthy FoodAvailabilityenable and support community gardens inlocal parks, community lots, schools,residential gardens[example: Walnut Way, Milwaukee Garden to Market Program]

work with existing food retailers to promotehealthier food options

[example: Healthy Corner Stores campaign, Washington D.C.]


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r2. Engage Neighborhood InGrowing/Cooking FoodDevelop programming to teach people how toshop for & prepare fresh foods, promotingenvironmental benets, health benets &family activity of cooking[example rogueApron Chef to School program]


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r3. Ensure affordable housingPlanning for increased population andgentrication should include measuresto ensure that existing residents arenot displaced


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r3. Health Impacts, Housing

1/4ofAtlantahouseholdsliveinphysicallysubstandardunits

asdenedbytheU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrban Development.

Bowen & Herndon homes

The percentage of renter-occupiedhousing units is two times higher thanthe national average

[graphics courtesy arch.gatech.edu]


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r3. Health Impacts, HousingResearch has shown that decent, a

ordable housing can:Reduce health problemsassociated with exposure to allergens,neurotoxins, and other dangers in the home by allowing families to accessbetter quality housing

Increase residential stability, allowing families to avoid unwanted movesthat lead children to change schools, which may impair their educational

progress

Decrease residential crowding and other sources of housing-related stressthat lead to negative developmental and educational outcomes forchildren.

Techwood homes


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r3. Housing RecommendationsConsider implementing policies designed to ensure there willbe aordable housing options for current residents.

Create inclusionary zoning policies and/or builder incentivesfor new development & rehabilitation/retrotting projects

Parts of the Old Fourth Ward are a part of the Beltline TaxAllocation Districts (TADs), which are managed by theBeltline AordableHousingAdvisoryBoard (BAHAB). TheBAHAB should ensure that aordable housing remains for

existing residents in the Old Fourth Ward.


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r4.Address community Health &Wellness in Master

PlansQuality of life is signicantly tied to health: Consider access to

healthy foods & health care providers [primary care, dental care,and mental health services] in the master planning process

Areas with the lowest socioeconomic status have higher infantmortality rates, and rank lower on other health measures.Residents in low-income neighborhoods are often less mobile -plans that take this into account take initiative in promoting

the health of the community.


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r4.Example, Community Health &Wellness in Planning

[Lindsay Heights, Milwaukee, WI ]


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ConclusionsRecommendations are based on interests in

promoting chronic and acute disease preventionand the mental health and stability of thecommunity.

Planning charrettes and community meetings aresuggested and highly encouraged to helpdetermine the priorities and interests of

community residents in implementingrecommendations.

Recommendations

r1. Implement Old Fourth Ward Historic Park StormwaterManagement

r2. Increase Consumption of Healthy Foods

r3. Ensure Affordable Housing throughout O4W

r4. Address community health and wellness in masterplans


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Selected SourcesAtlanta BeltLine. (2009). "Historic Fourth Ward Park in high gear!", from

http://www.beltline.org/BeltLineBasics/Maps/HistoricFourthWardPark/tabid/3872/Default.aspx.

Frank L, KerrJ, Chapman J, Sallis J. "Urban form relationships with walk tripfrequency and distance among youth" American Journal of Health Promotion 2007Mar-Apr; 21(4 Suppl): 305-11

Maller, C. T., Mardie; Brown, Peter (2002). Healthy Parks Healthy People. The HealthBenefits of Contact with Nature in a Park Context. 1: page 55- 56.

Scott MM, Dubowitz T, Cohen DA. "Regional Differences in Walking Frequency andBMI: What Role does the Built Environment play for Blacks and Whites?" HealthPlace. 2009 Sep; 15(3):882-7

Shigematsu R, Sallis JF, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Frank LD, Cain KL, Chapman JE, KingAC. "Age differences in the relation of perceived neighborhood environment towalking" Medical Science Sports Exercise 2009 Feb; 41(2): 314-21

Shores, K. A. W., Stephanie T. (2008). "The Relationship Between Built Park

Environment and Physical Activity in Four Park Locations." Journal Public HealthManagement Practice 14(3): E9-E16.

Ursano, Robert. Terrorism And Disaster: Individual And Community Mental HealthInterventions. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2001). Report to Congress: Implementationand Enforcement of the CSO Control Policy. EPA 833-R-01-003, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Washington, DC.


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Full Health Impact Assessmentoldfourthward.wordpress.com

available online at


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