old english literature
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
5th CENTURY - 1066
GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
1 RD RIZAL FAUZAN NASHERUDIN KUSUMAH (4G)2 RAHMAT NURHIDAYAT (4G)3 DEARA ANUGRAH SANJAYA (4G)4 DINI NOVIANI (2D)5 MIRA (2D)6 DESY (2D)7 TOMMY AMIN SANTOSO (2D)
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO
1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN
ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)
bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
1 RD RIZAL FAUZAN NASHERUDIN KUSUMAH (4G)2 RAHMAT NURHIDAYAT (4G)3 DEARA ANUGRAH SANJAYA (4G)4 DINI NOVIANI (2D)5 MIRA (2D)6 DESY (2D)7 TOMMY AMIN SANTOSO (2D)
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO
1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN
ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)
bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO
1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN
ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)
bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO
1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN
ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)
bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH LITERATUREbull OLD ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
OF THE ANGLO SAXONbull ANGLO SAXON RULED ENGLAND FROM 450 AD TO
1066bull OLD ENGLISH IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO MODERN
ENGLISH (MANY OF OUR WORDS COME FROM OLD ENGLISH)
bull OLD ENGLISH WAS FIRST ORAL (WITH RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS) THEN USED ALPHABET (WITH SOME SPECIAL CHARACTERS) WRITING ON MANUSCRIPTS)
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH IS TERM USED TO REFER TO
THE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN IN ENGLAND DURING
THE RULE OF ANGLO-SAXONS
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
BECAUSE IT SHOWS US WHERE ENGLISH COMES FROM AND HOW IT RELATES TO OTHER LANGUAGE
BECAUSE OF WHAT IT TELLS US ABOUT THE HISTORY SOCIETY AND GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 400THE ANGLO SAXON MOVE IN AS
THE ROMANS LEAVEAFTER 400 YEARS RULE THE
ROMANS LEAVE BRITAIN AND THE ANGLO SAXON TAKE OVER
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 597AUGUSTINE PREACHES
CHRISTIANITY
AUGUSTINE ARRIVES IN ENGLAND TO PREACH
CHRISTIANITY
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 672THE VENERABLE BEDE IS BORN
THE VENERABLE BEDE THE FATHER OF ENGLISH HISTORY IS
BORN
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 787THE FIRST VIKING ATTACK ON BRITAINVIKING ATTACKS ON
ANGLO SAXON ENGLAND START IN 787
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 800ARMIES OF VIKINGS ROAM
BRITAINBY THE AD 800S GREAT ARMIES
OF VIKINGS ROAM ENGLAND
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 849ALFRED THE GREAT IS BORN
ALFRED THE ONLY KING IN BRITISH HISTORY CALLED
GREAT IS BORN
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 899KING ALFRED THE GREAT DIES
ALFRED THE GREAT KING ALL OF ENGLAND DIES
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 1042KING EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
BECOMES KING
EDWARD SON OF ELTHERED BECOMES KING HE IS VERY RELIGIOUS AND IS CALLED EDWARD THE CONFESSOR
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
AD 1066THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
WILLIAM THE CONQUERORS NORMAN ARMY LANDS IN SUSSEX HAROLD
HURRIES SOUTH AND THE TWO ARMIES FIGHT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (14
OCTOBER 1066) THE NORMANS WIN HAROLD IS KILLED WILLIAM BECOMES
KING
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH POETRY
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Old English poetry falls broadly into two styles or fields of reference the heroic Germanic and the Christian With a few exceptions almost all Old
English poets are anonymousEven though all extant Old English poetry is
written and literate it is assumed that Old English poetry was an oral craft that was preformed by a
scop and accompanied by a harp
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Elegiac poetryRelated to the heroic tales are a number of short poems from the Exeter Book which have come to be described as elegies or wisdom poetryThey are lyrical and Boethian in their description of the up and down fortunes of life Gloomy in mood is The Ruin which tells of the decay of a once glorious city of Roman Britain (cities in Britain fell into decline after the Romans departed in the early 5th century as the early English continued to live their rural life) and The Wanderer in which an older man talks about an attack that happened in his youth where his close friends and kin were all killed memories of the slaughter have remained with him all his life
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
bull Several Old English poems are adaptations of late classical philosophical texts The longest is a 10th-century translation of Boethius Consolation of Philosophy contained in the Cotton manuscript Otho Avi Another is The Phoenix in the Exeter Book an allegorisation of the De ave phoenice by Lactantius
bull Other short poems derive from the Latin bestiary tradition Some examples include The Panther The Whale and The Partridge
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Old English poetry and the oral tradition
The hypotheses of Milman Parry and Albert Lord on the Homeric Question came to be applied (by Parry and Lord but also by Francis Magoun) to verse written in Old English That is the theory proposes that certain features of at least some of the poetry may be explained by positing oral-formulaic composition While Anglo-Saxon (Old English) epic poetry may bear some resemblance to Ancient Greek epics such as the Iliad and Odyssey the question of if and how Anglo-Saxon poetry was passed down through an oral tradition remains a subject of debate and the question for any particular poem unlikely to be answered with perfect certainty
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Is a long heroic poem considered the supreme achievement of Anglo-Saxon poetry because of its length (3182 lines) and sustained high quality
Horner
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Why Study
Beowulf
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language so everything written since Beowulf stems from it in some way
The story of Beowulf encompasses common themes that we still see in English literature today Beowulf is simply good writing
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
In some ways it doesnrsquot matter what you read but how you read it sohellipsince Beowulf came first you might as well start there
Studying Old English improves your understanding of modern English
Itrsquos a great story
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Beowulfrsquos ProvenanceWhat we do know
Beowulf is the oldest surviving English poem Itrsquos written in Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) which is the basis for the language we speak todaySome of the characters in the poem actually existed
The only copy of the manuscript was written sometime around the 11th century AD (1000rsquos) howeverhellip
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Setting Beowulfrsquos time and place
bullAlthough Beowulf was written in English it is set in what is now Sweden where a tribe called the Geats livedbullThe story may take place as early as 400 or 500 AD
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
Caedmon was one of the religious writers of the time His works were basedmainly on the Old Testament Some historians have attributed to Caedmonwriting a 3000-verse poem about the creation of the world (Genesis) whichbasically follows the Bible text with some departures He may have also writtentwo other works Exodus and Daniel though some feel that all three works haveanonymous authorship Exodus deals with the Israelite escape from Egypt andthe miraculous crossing of the Red Sea Daniel includes the fall of Jerusalem thetwo dreams of Nebuchadnezzar and Daniels interpretation of them and themiraculous survival of Daniels three friends in the fiery furnace A short hymn inpraise of the creation Hymn of Creation is also attributed to Caedmon
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
A later poet Cynewulf and his followers drew on the New Testament aswell as historical events connected with Christianity His works include TheFates of the Apostles a short martyrology The Ascension (or Christ II) a homily(lecture on moral conduct) and biblical narrative and Juliana the story of asaint The most famous is Elene (Helene) which describes Constantines victoryunder the sign of the cross his conversion and his mothers legendary miraculousdiscovery of the original cross in Jerusalem At this time the Holy Cross cultwas spreading across Europe and the cross was becoming sacred Over thecenturies it would be used as a symbol giving blessing to the expression of mansbasest instinctsCynewulfs work is clear and technically elegant His theme is thecontinuing evangelical mission of the church from the time of Christ to that ofConstantine Cynewulfs followers later produced literature mixing Orientalpagan and Christian thought with images from nature and the animal world Forexample The Panther symbolized Christ The Whale the Devil
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
metudaeligs maecti end his modgidanc
uerc uuldurfadur sue he uundra gihuaes
eci dryctin or astelidaelig
he aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe haleg scepen
tha middungeard moncynnaeligs uard
eci dryctin aeligfter tiadaelig
firum foldu frea allmectig
Terjemahan
Maka marilah kita sekarang memuja Penjaga Kerajaan Sorgawi
kekuasaan Sang Pencipta dan daya pikirNya
karya Bapa yang Jaya bagaimana Beliau Tuhan abadi
mendirikan permulaan setiap mukjizat
Bagi anak manusia Beliau Sang Pencipta Suci
pertama membuat sorga sebagai atap lalu
Penjaga umat manusia Tuhan abadi
Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa kemudian membuat madyapada
bumi bagi manusia
--(Caedmon Himne St Petersburg Bede)
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Prose developed later than poetry ndash in the ninth
century But sometimes it also partly contained the
characteristics of poetry It was influenced by
Latin the language of the church and the educated
It consisted of factual historical and religious
writings
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
King Alfred the Great (reigned 871-900) one of the most significant rulers of the first millenium after making peace with the Vikings made his kingdom into a cultural centre He translated many works from Latin especially in the areas of religion history philosophy This was the foundation of the written national language The first translated was inclided The Pastorrsquos Book containing ideals for a pastor with which Alfred as a secular ruler identified He also traslated Baedersquos Church History and other historical accounts In addition Alfred compiled medical information annals chronicles and information for law books His works lacked originality and were more instructive and educational than artistic and beautiful
King Alfredrsquos Works
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Alfred sought to repair the damage that the Viking invasions had infliicted on English culture and learning especially among the parish clergy He supervised translations of classics of theology and history by Gregory the Great Augustine of Hippo and the Venerable Bede
King Alfred
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Later Annals and Religious Writings
The first half of the tenth century saw Alfredrsquos successors expand politically and militarily but not culturally due to exhaustion from frequent battles with the Vikings Only the annals continued and some poetry about victories over the Vikings The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the best-known work of historical records spannig even beyond the Norman conquest It contains both prose and poetry
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
In the second half of the tenth century came cultural enlivenment through the Benedictian reform a monastic reform which resulted in a religious revival The main literary styles included homilies sermons stories of saintsrsquo lives and Bible translations The chief autors were Aelfric and Wulfstan
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Aelfric And Wulfstan
Aelfric abbot of Eynsham wrote three cycles of forty homilies each (two volumes of Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints) as well as other homilies pastoral letter and several translations His writings were clear to understand and beautiful in style His alliterative prose which looselu imitated the rhythms of Old English poetry influenced writers long after the Norman conquest
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Wulfstan the archbishop of York wrote civil and church-related legal codes as well as homilies He denounced the morals of his time and exhorted people to repentance The belief was that the Viking occupation and the resulting oppession and suffering were the result of sin and that the end of the world ha at hand
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term of drama comes from a Greek word meaning action (Classical Greek δρᾶμα drama) which is derived from the verb meaning to do or to act (Classical Greek δράω draō)
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Old script in Egyptian period
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
amphitheatre
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
+-2300 years ago stage of old greek theatre
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Stage of old romans theater
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
Restosation age in england
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
bull period known as the English Renaissance approximately saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts1500mdash1660 The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udalls Ralph Roister Doister (c1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurtons Needle (c1566) belong to the 16th century
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
bull During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and then James I (1603ndash25) in the late 16th and early 17th century a London-centred culture that was both courtly and popular produced great poetry and drama The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London
bull The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553ndash1625) whose father was Italian was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I and a possible friend and influence on William Shakespeare had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England He was also the translator of Montaigne into English The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyds (1558ndash94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592) that influenced Shakespeares Hamlet
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
William Shakespeare figure of the English Renaissance
Born Baptised 26 April 1564 (birth date unknown)Stratford-upon-Avon
Warwickshire EnglandDied 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire EnglandOccupationPlaywright poet actorNationality EnglishPeriod English RenaissanceSpouse(s) Anne Hathaway (m 1582ndash1616)Children Susanna Hall
Hamnet ShakespeareJudith Quiney
parents John Shakespeare (father)Mary Shakespeare (mother)
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
bull The origin of drama goes back to brief scenes that monks acted out in churches to iustrate Bible storiesThese later developed into full-lenght plays
bull Sources of drama were primarily Chatolic traditions and ceremonies that were gradually becoming more wordly
bull The Chatolic church throughout Europe controlled almost the entire ideological sphere including literary art
bull Drama was developing in churches where the whole society from the king to the lowest citizen gathered
bull There has two strong undercurrents influenced early drama Folk plays based on ancient nature culls and pagan traditional and classic Greek an Latin drama which were preserved at least in rudimentary form throughtout the Dark Ages
bull Chatolic services were often in the form of drama with colourful robesrecitationsingingand acting
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
What makes different
Elizabethan Restoration 1048696 Pertunjukan dilaksanakan siang hari
dan tidak mengenal waktu istirahat 1048696 Tempat adegan ditandai dengan
ucapan dengan disampaikan dalam dialog para tokoh 1048696 Tokoh wanita dimainkan oleh pemain
anak-anak laki-laki Tidak pemain wanita
1048696 Penontonnya berbagai lapisan masyarakat dan diramaikan oleh penjual makanan dan minuman
1048696 Menggunakan naskah lakon 1048696 Corak pertunjukannya merupakan
perpaduan antara teater keliling dengan teater sekolah dan akademi yang keklasik-klasikan
1048696 Tema cerita bersifat umum dan penonton sudah
mengenalnya 1048696 Tokoh wanita diperankan oleh pemain
wanita 1048696 Penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah dan kaum atasan
1048696 Gedung teater mencontoh gaya Italia 1048696 Pertunjukan diselenggarakan di
gedung proscenium yang diperluas dengan menambah area yang disebut apron
sehingga terjadi komunikasi yang intim antara pemain dan penonton
1048696 Setting panggung bergambar perspektif dan lebih bercorak umum misalnya taman atau istana
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-
THANK YOU
THANK YOUTANK YOU
THANK YOU
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- GROUP OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (2)
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
- OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE (3)
- Slide 6
- WHY IS OLD ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- OLD ENGLISH POETRY
- Slide 26
- Elegiac poetry
- CLASSICAL AND LATIN POETRY
- Old English poetry and the oral tradition
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Caedmon - a 7th-Century Poet
- Cynewulf- a 9th-Century Poet
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- OLD ENGLISH PROSE
- Slide 42
- King Alfredrsquos Works
- Slide 44
- Later Annals and Religious Writings
- Slide 46
- Aelfric And Wulfstan
- Slide 48
- OLD ENGLISH DRAMA
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- What makes different
- THANK YOU
-