ojacc 25 annual conferenceojacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/pelka-presentation.pdfpresentation...

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th l fOJACC 25th Annual Conference

Reducing Recidivism Through Collaboration

Council of State Governments Justice Center

Marc PelkaAugust 15, 2011

CSG Justice Center

• National non-profit, non-partisan membership association of state government officials

• Represents all three branches of state government

• Justice Center provides practical, nonpartisan advice informed by the best available evidence

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 2

Criminal Justice / Mental Health

Consensus Project

Reentry Policy Council

JusticeReinvestment

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Funders and Partners


Justice Reinvestment in the States


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Justice Reinvestment Three-Part Strategy

1

Bipartisan, inter-branch, bicameral structure

2 3

Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options

Adopt New Policies

• Identify assistance needed to implement policies effectively

• Deploy targeted reinvestment strategies to increase

• Analyze data to look at crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends

• Solicit input from stakeholders

Measure Performance

• Track the impact of enacted policies/programs

• Monitor recidivism rates & other key measures


strategies to increase public safety

• Review implementation progress

stakeholders

• Map allocation of resources

• Develop policy options & estimate cost savings

measures

Presentation Overview

J ti R i t t I Ohi Ph I RJustice Reinvestment In Ohio: Phase I Recap

JR in North Carolina: A Comparison Case

Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II



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For state prisons, cutspresent new problems

�“We have no drug treatmentprograms at medium securityor above (facilities),�” saysJustin Jones, director of theOkl h D t t f

present new problemsBy John Gramlich, Stateline Staff Writer

Oklahoma Department ofCorrections. �“We eliminated allsex offender treatment, eventhough it was mandated bystatute.�”

Probation officers hit by statewideProbation officers hit by statewidebudget cutsMar 18, 2011By Melissa Leu and Mary J. CristobalIllinois Statehouse News

�“We have probation officers who are supervising more than probably twotimes what the state standards say that we ought to supervise �” saidtimes �… what the state standards say that we ought to supervise, saidDennis Meyers, Winnebago�’s director of court services. �“Unfortunately,there�’s still people that are on probation that need probation officers to seethem. So we have less people to see them, but we try to do the best we can.�”

�“Probation in Illinois has made such progress in the last 10 to 15 years,�”Dallas said. �“It's so disappointing to think that we might be going backwards.�”

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Crime ridden Camden, N.J., cuts policeforce nearly in halfy

The mayor of crime ridden Camden, New Jersey, hasannounced layoffs of nearly half of the city's police force andclose to a third of its fire department.

One hundred sixty eight police officers and 67 firefightersl id ff d ffi i l l l $

January 18, 2011|By the CNN Wire Staff

were laid off Tuesday, as officials struggle to close a $26.5million budget gap through a series of belt tighteningmeasures, Mayor Dana Redd told reporters. The layoffs takeeffect immediately.

Riding Along With the Cops in Murdertown, U.S.A.

What Flint is now is one of America�’s murder capitals. Last yearp yin Flint, population 102,000, there were 66 documentedmurders. The murder rate here is worse than those in Newarkand St. Louis and New Orleans. It�’s even worse than Baghdad�’s.After the door is unlocked and I enter police headquarters, it iseasy to see why. There are only six patrolmen on duty for aSaturday night. So broke is Flint that the city laid off two thirdsof its police force in the last three years. The front desk lookslike a dusty museum piece.

�“Sometimes, we don�’t get to a call for two days,�” he says. Last fall,an elderly couple called after being held up at gunpoint in theirdriveway. The police arrived on the scene five hours later.

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Fiscal Challenges Forcing Examination of Policy Effectiveness

Shortfall as Percent of Total State Budget(2011)

Ohio

BudgetShortfall

PrisonPopulationGrowthProjected

$8 billion

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 11Source: Center on Policy and Budget Priorities

+2,8712010 2015 (5 yrs)

$FY2012 13 biennium

Challenges Facing Ohio�’s Prison System

51,000

53,000

55,000

39,000

41,000

43,000

45,000

47,000

49,000Prison Population Up 9 percent

(2000 �– 2010)

�–Population Projection Up 7 percent

(2011 2015)

Prison Crowding 33 percent of Capacity(2010)


35,000

37,000

,

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Interim Reports to JR Working Group


Extensive Stakeholder Engagement

Law EnforcementProsecutors

Victim Advocates

JudgesProbation

Defense Bar

Justice Reinvestment

in Ohio


Behavioral Health Treatment Providers

Community Corrections

Local Government Officials

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Policy Conference Distills Analyses into Key Findings


First, Inefficient Use of Prison on Low Level Offenders

People convicted of fourth and fifth degreefelonies account for half of annual prisonadmissionsadmissions

Two thirds of these admissions were peopleconvicted of nonviolent property and drug offenses

Many sentences are so short that most people do not receiveprogramming or even make it past reception centers


Roughly three quarters of these individuals are thenreleased to the community with no supervision

p g g p p

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Second, No Admission Criteria for Diversion Programs

�… state funding forcommunitycorrections programscorrections programshas increased, but alack of admissioncriteria for theseprograms makesthem less costeffective at divertingoffenders �…


$117 millionFY2006

$137 millionFY2010

State Funding for CBCF, HWH,Prison & Jail Diversion Programs

Third, a Patchwork of Probation Supervision

No standards apply statewide to all departmentsProbation Population statewide to all departments

No data are collected statewide80% Supervised

with No State Standards

20% Supervised with State Standards


State funds a large percentage of all probation

services locally

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Thirteen Point JR Policy Framework

Manage growth of the prisonpopulation and reducespending on corrections

Increase the costeffectiveness of existingcriminal justice investments


criminal justice investments

Reinvest in strategies that canincrease public safety

Focus on people most likely to reoffend

PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE

DRC Database

No Data Sharing


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Hold Offenders Accountable in More Meaningful Ways


F1: 2,0598%

Felony Level Offense Types

Sex : 602 (4%)

008

8%

F2: 3,13312%

F3: 6,39524%

Person: 2,38216%

Property : 5,02833%

10,375Admissions

AveragePrison Stay:

Pris

on A

dmis

sion

s in

20

1st Felony?

Probationmust be imposed

F4: 6,77725%

F5: 8,29631%

15,073

56% Drug: 5,34735%

Burglary + Other: 1,714 11%

9 months

$189 million Annual Cost

p(min. of 1 year),unless:• firearm• physical harm• Insufficient

programming


Reinvest in high performing programs


$ illi$104 millionImpact of Ohio ResidentialCorrectional Programs onRecidivism

44%F4 / F5s asConditionofprobation

No targetpopulation, basedon risk or likelihoodof incarceration

HIGHRISK

PRISONBOUND

Target population

of incarceration

No statutoryaccountability forpoor performingprograms

Admission criteria filterout unsuitablepopulations

22

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Strengthen probation supervision


> 250,000PROBATIONERS

Probation is the key to theeffectiveness of Ohio�’scriminal justice system.

MinimumMinimumd dd d

DataDataCollectionCollection

ReduceReduceDuplicationDuplication

RelativelyRelativelyS iftS ift

No minimum standards.

No data.

Practices varysignificantly by county,municipality, and evencourtroom. 23

standardsstandardsSwifterSwifterViolationViolationHearingsHearings

Landmark Legislation Approved, Signed into Law


�“[This law] is not just going to save money forthe State of Ohio; it�’s going to apply thatmoney in ways that can remediate, give

people a chance.�”

Governor John Kasich

House of Representatives96 2

Senate30 3

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Reinvestment:$20 million

4 Year Savings:

$46 million

53 858000

55,000

50,987

53,858

48,17749,000

50,000

51,000

52,000

53,000

54,000Status QuoForecast

45,000

46,000

47,000

48,000

Dec 10 FY 11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15

Impact

25


JR I Ohi Ph I RJR In Ohio: Phase I Recap





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Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina

41,110

Status Quo Forecast

43,220

39 000

42,000

45,000

ActualPopulation

31,58130,000

33,000

36,000

39,000

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BudgetShortfall

Prison PopulationGrowth Projected

+2,1102011 2017 (6 yrs)

$2.4 billionFY2012

Mandatory supervision following prison release

986%Lack of supervisionafter prison contributespublic safety risk 9

months86%

No SupervisionHigher Re Arrest Rate

9

public safety risk.

51% of those releasedunsupervised are rearrested within 3 years.

No accountabilityduring re entry.

Results in revocation

12months

monthstime being less thanremaining time onsupervision.

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Focus on people most likely to reoffend

$120 millionspent monitoring

100 000+ probationers

LOW

9 percentre arrested

100,000+ probationers

�… all being supervised

ProbationRevocation Ratefor Low RiskOffenders

+49 %Since 2005

HIGH

31 percentre arrested

more or lessthe same way.

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Improve state/county coordination


Mi dMisdemeanorOffenders 1/4

of prisonadmissions

aremisdemeanoroffenders Misdemeanor offenders may be housed

in a county jail, under the followingconditions:

Original Proposal:Shift them

to county jails.

3 monthsaverage

length of stay

• Sheriff voluntarily accepts• Bed space exists• Reimbursed by new state

fund, supported by fees.

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Reinvest in high performing programs


$9million

Formula based Grants

• Ineffectiveprogrammodels

• No targetpopulations

• $ spent onadministration

$9million

DOC Contractsfor Serving High Risk/Need

+40%

Community Based Programs(primarily substance use treatment)

instead oftreatment

• Only served 50%of those needingtreatment

for Serving High Risk/Needwith Effective Program Models

Community Based Programs(primarily substance use treatment)

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JR I Ohi Ph I RJR In Ohio: Phase I Recap





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Phase II

2

Adopt New Policies

3

Measure Performance

1

Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options

• Identify assistance needed to implement policies effectively

• Deploy targeted reinvestment strategies to increase public safety

• Review implementation progress

• Analyze data to look at crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends

• Solicit input from stakeholders

• Map allocation of resources

• Develop policy options &

• Track the impact of enacted policies/programs

• Monitor recidivism rates & other key measures


estimate cost savings

Justice Reinvestment Phase II States


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Key Implementation Focus: State / County Partnership to Strengthen Probation

Almost one third of all prison admissions are probation failures

This strategy shifts resources to the front end, helping probation prevent future crime.

Use Consistent Risk Assessment ToolProbationDepartments

Probation Improvement Grant

Resources to local departments tomake investments in evidencebased strategies to improvesupervision outcomes.

Meet Statewide Minimum Standards

Report Monthly Data


ProbationDepartments

Improve Outcomes above Baseline YearFewer Failures and Revocations

Probation Incentive Grant

Additional competitive grant todepartments to further improveprobation outcomes and increasepublic safety.

Justice Reinvestment Phase II Assistance

Resources to Support Implementation Technical Assistance to Enhance PolicyImplementation

Bipartisan, Inter branch Coordination andStakeholder Engagement

Fidelity to the Goals Underpinning JR


New Jail Dispositions

2,440 (+4%)

System Indicators: January �– March 2011

Avg. Daily Jail Population (2008)

15,17118%(0%)

Crimes Reported (2008)

Violent Index Crimes:

50,166 ( 8%)

Property Index Crimes:

293,585 ( 5%)

Arrests (2008)

Violent Index Arrests:

12,398 ( 14%)

Property Index Arrests:

35,166 ( 4%)

Jail

Split Jail/Probation

27%( 7%)

New Split Jail/ProbationDispositions

3,697 ( 22%)

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Thank You

Marc Pelka(646) 383 [email protected]


This material was prepared for the [insert name of contractor/congressionalcommittee/government agency]. The presentation was developed by members ofthe Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. Because presentations arenot subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, thestatements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be consideredthe official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of StateGovernments, or the funding agency supporting the work.

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