oil related microbiology

8/9/2019 Oil Related Microbiology

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Terje Torsvik

UNI - CIPR

CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED PETROLEUM RESEARCH


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Important microbial processes in oil production:

Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC)Produced water reinjection (PWRI)Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

VFB

VFA


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pressure support

Oxygen is removed to reduce corrosionSea water contains 28 mM sulphate

Sea water injection promotes growth of SRB inthe water injection system and in thereservoir

SRB use sulphate for respiration:

4-

2

2 cause pro ems ecause s ox c an corros veTraditionally biocides have been used to inhibit SRBAn alternative method based on nitrate injection have been developed


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H2S production increasesdramatically over thelifetime of a productionwell.

High H 2S levels mayresu n s u own o ewell and reduced oil andgas production.

H2S is toxic and

corrosive

Ref. : Sunde et al. 1993 . Field related mathematical

Strong restrictions onH2S concentration in

model to predict and reduce reservoir souring. SPE25197 (1993)


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Laboratory experiments:Effect of nitrate injection on H2S production

Sulphide production and nitrate injectin in column.

1,2

1,4

mM H2S

mM NO3

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

m M

H 2 S

, N O 3 -

0,0

0,2

100 300 500 700 900 1100

Time (days)

. . .

model column. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol 58: 400-408.


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Gullfaks Water injection system Biofilm sampling

Sampling point

Sampling point

Placed in box for anaerobic transportation

Filled up with anaerobic injection sea water


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Metal coupons incubated in pipeline

Measuring microbial activityin the water injection system

The biofilm is analyzed for microbial activity

GAB NRBSRB


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Water injection system at Gullfaks.

1 0E+09

1,0E+10

1,0E+07

1,0E+08

2

1,0E+04

1,0E+05

1,0E+06

L o g c e

l l s / c

1 0E+01

1,0E+021,0E+03

1,0E+00

f e b . 8 9

j u n .

9 0

d e c .

9 1

m a r .

9 3

a p r .

9 4

n o v .

9 4

j u l . 9

5

j u n .

9 6

f e b . 9 7

m a r .

9 8

m a y .

9 9

f e b . 0 0

a u g . 0

0

m a y .

0 1

m a r .

0 2

f e b . 0 3

Time (months)

Biocide (glutaraldehyde) Nitrate (start oct. 99)

-SRB-MPN

NRBTotal bacteria

Detect ion limit FA method: 1e+05 cells/cm2

Detect ion limit MPN method: 6 cells/cm2


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SRB activity and corrosion rate at GFB y ) Nitrate added

e a r )

1,0

1,2

H 2 S

/ c m

2 / d

20

25

r a t e ( m m

/

0,6

0,8

n r a

t e ( g

15

C o r r o s i o n

0,2

0,4

r e s p

i r a t i o

5

10

r . 9 4

. 9 4

. 9 4

r . 9 5

l . 9 5

t . 9 5

r . 9 6

. 9 6

. 9 6

. 9 6

. 9 7

r . 9 7

. 9 7

. 9 7

. 9 7

. 9 8

. 9 8

r . 9 8

. 9 8

. 9 8

. 9 8

. 9 9

. 9 9

. 9 9

. 0 0

. 0 0

. 0 0

. 0 0

. 0 0

. 0 1

. 0 1

. 0 1

. 0 1

r . 0 2

l . 0 2

t . 0 2

. 0 3

. 0 3

0,0

S

u l p h a

t

0

Time (month)

a p

s e n o

m a j o m

a j u s e d e f e m

a m a

a u n

o j a f e m a

m a

s e d e

m a

a u n

o f e j u a u n

o d e f e m

a a u n

o m a j o f e j u

Corrosion rate


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H2S in roduced water on Gullfaks C

910

678

e w a t e r

345

g H

2 S / l i t r

measured mg H2S in water Theoretical H2S development

12

Start of nitrate injection

nov-97 sep-98 jul-99 mai-00 feb-01 des-01 okt-02 aug-03

Date

Sunde, Egil; Lilleb, Bente-Lise Polden; Bdtker, Gunhild; Torsvik, Terje; Thorstenson, Tore. H2S inhibition by nitrateinjection on the Gullfaks field. NACE Corrosion 2004, Paper No 04760 ; 2004


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Produced Water Reinjection (PWRI) has been used on platforms,

mainly due to requirements from the Norwegian Pollution Agency

In the event of permission to produce oil in the Barents Sea, theremust be zero release of h drocarbons to the environment.

Challenges:High temperature stimulate growth of thermophilic SRBIncreased supply of VFA in the injected water stimulate reservoirsouring


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Injection water:Cold sea water (StA)Hot produced water (StC)Microboal analysis of

back flooded injectionwater

Ocean floor

Injection well Production well

St A and B: Sea water

Oil reservoir


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Sam les Back-flooded injection water from wells 3000 meters below sea floor.

of back-flooding.Sample Statfjord A Statfjord B Statfjord C

Injected with Sea water Sea water Produced water

Treatment Deoxygenated,biocide treatment

Deoxygenated,nitrate treatment

Deoxygenated,

25 % seawater

Souring potentialH2S mg/liter (calculated by Statoil)

30


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Principal component analysis of native populations at St A and C

Statfjord A (StA)Statfjord C (StC)Produced water (PW)

1 . 0 Thermoc

StC

Actinob

Deferrib

Backflowdelta

StA

betaFirmic

PW

- - 1 . 0

alpha

. .

K. Lysnes, G. Bdtker, T. Torsvik, E. . Bjrnestad & Egil Sunde: Appl Microbio l Biotechnol (2009) 83:11431157


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MEORPrinciples reservoir effects

BACTERIA + OIL + N + P + O 2

C E D

L R E D U W P

R

E

I N T E

R F A

T E N S

I O

E D

E R

R M E A B I L I T Y


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Microbial biofilm on oil

crude oil

Bacterial colonysurrounded by water


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- Best suited for low values (< 30 mN/m) Measurement range is 102 10-5 mN/m

Method has been successfully applied down to 10-4 mN/m


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Bacterum: Dietsia maris

100

Dodekan, aerobic synthetic sea water

10

OWB IFT

4.0 ml/h

0.9 ml/h1.8 ml/h

0,1

1

I F T ( m N / m )

2.7 ml/h

5.4 ml/h

0,01

0,0010 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

Run t ime (days)

Kowalewski, E., Ruesltten, I., Gilje, E., Sunde, E., Bdtker, G., Lilleb, B.L.P., Torsvik, T., Stensen, J.., Bjrkvik, B." ", . ., , ,

13th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Budapest, Hungary, Apr 25-27


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Hopeman sandstone core

45 cm long, 5 cm diameter Statfjord model oil

a ora ory exper men sow ra e: , m m n =

0,38Sor

seawater

Microbes O 2 N P

0,36

0,34

0,32

0 5 10 15 20

Time (days)


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MEOR at Norne

Injection of aerobic seawater from start in

1997

MEOR implemented in January 2001 by

stimulate bacterial growth in the reservoir

Nitrate is also added in order to inhibit

reservoir souring


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2002: Increased oil production from MEOR at Norne

900 000 m 3

1 % of roducible oil

At an oil price 20 $ per barrel and 1$= 5 NOK thisamounts to a roximatel 750 000 000 NOK.

(Reported from Norne to OD in 2002)

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