UNDERSTANDING OIL & GAS

Formation of Black Gold

Oil is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton), 10 million-600 million years ago, which fell to the bottom of the sea.

Little or no oxygen allows micro organisms to break down the remains into carbon-rich compounds that form organic layers. The organic material mixes with the sediments to form fine-grained shale, or source rock.

Extreme heat and pressure to distills the organic material into crude oil and natural gas.

The oil then flows from the source rock and accumulates in thicker, more porous limestone or sandstone known as reservoir rock.

When the earth moves the oil and natural gas is trapped in reservoir rocks, which are between layers of impermeable rock, or cap rock– usually granite or marble.

The whole process takes millions of years.

Finding Black Gold

Government and Oil companies usually assign finding oil to contracted geologists

Oil geologists examine surface features, surface rock, reservoir rock, entrapment, satellite images, sensitive gravity meters and magnometers. They can also detect the smell of hydrocarbons using electronic noses called sniffers.

The most common technique for finding reserves is seismology which uses shock waves that interpret waves reflected back to the surface.

Despite all the technology, modern oil exploration methods are only 10 percent successful.

Once oil is found, land is readied and Rig is set up….

Drilling begins…. Drilling is continued till oil is struck…..

Drilling

Extraction

Once the well is completed, the operators must start the flow of oil into the well.

For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped down the well and out the perforations.

For sandstone reservoir rock, a special blended fuel containing proppants is pumped down the well and out the perforations.

The pressure from this fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone that allow oil to flow into the well, while the proppants hold these fractures open.

Once the oil is flowing, the oilrig is removed from the site and production equipment is set up to extract the oil from the well.

Extraction

Electric SubmersiblePump Systems

Production Logging

Oilfield Chemicals

Fishing Services

Workover Services

Progressing Cavity Pumps

Drill Bits

Directional Drilling

Drilling Fluids

Drilling Optimization

LoggingWhile Drilling

FluidSampling

IntegratedFormationEvaluation

WirelineLogging

Coring

PerforatingIntelligent Well

Systems

ExpandableCompletions

FlawlessExecution

Sand ControlCompletions

PumpingServices

MultilateralSystems

Dri

lling

Com

ple

tion

Pro

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ion

Form

ati

on E

valu

ati

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Refining Black Gold

Total Production

Jobs in Oil & Gas

Entry Level Jobs

JOB DESCRIPTION

Labourer/Roustabout cleans, paints, moves and handles supplies

Cook's Helper helps prepare and serve food

Slashercuts down trees and clears brush along seismic

lines

Seismic Driller's Helper helps drill shot holes

Electrician's Helper helps run wires, check and fix electrical equipment

Field Assistantrecords data and helps operate geophysical

equipment

Janitor keeps the camp clean

Mechanic's Helper helps clean, oil, test and fix equipment

Survey Helper holds stakes and rods and carries equipment

Equipment Operator drives various machines and trucks

Swamper helps truck drivers

Hot Shot Drivermakes deliveries of supplies and equipment as

needed

Skilled JobsJOB DESCRIPTION

Derrick Handguides and steadies pipes in and out of hole and maintains

drilling mud system

Power Tong Operator operates hydraulic powered wrenches to connect casing

Motor Handoperates and maintains engines that power drilling

equipment

Blasterpacks explosives into holes and makes sure everything is

safe before blasting

Seismic Driller drills shot holes to send sound waves through the ground

Gaugermakes routine checks and adjustments in different areas of

pumping station

Tank Farm Operatorworks at pumping stations that receive and distribute oil in

bulk

Gas Utility Operatorinstalls and services pipeline systems which transport

natural gas

Compressor Operatormonitors and operates wells entering pipeline, takes

samples and does tests

Control Room Operator monitors meters, gauges, indicators and alarm systems

Apprenticeship TradesJOB DESCRIPTION

Cook prepares food and meals for workers

Mechanic fixes machinery

Welder welds metal together to make/fix equipment

Electrician installs/fixes electrical equipment

Plumber installs/fixes water pipes and fixtures

Carpenter builds and repairs buildings

Pipefitter puts steam and water pipes together

Office Workers

JOB DESCRIPTION

Office Clerk keeps company records and time sheets

Accounts Clerkworks in payroll and accounts

payable/receivable

Secretarydoes word processing, records mail, files and

makes appointments

Purchasing Agentbuys goods, materials and services for the

company

Materials Clerk takes inventories and places orders

Technical JobsJOB DESCRIPTION

Seismic Recording Technicianoperates computers which record and process seismic data, prepares maps

Survey Technicianassists in field studies to record and

interpret geographic areas

Petroleum Technician does reservoir studies and interprets data

Mechanical Technicianmakes drawings of machines, buildings and

systems

Geophysical Technicianassists in assembly and analysis of seismic

data

Geological Technicianassists in surface and subsurface geological

mapping and core sample studies

Semi Professional JobsJOB DESCRIPTION

Warehouse Managerkeeps warehouse in order and keeps records

of materials stocked

Camp Manager coordinates all aspects of camp life

Safety Officermakes sure there are healthy working

conditions and sets safety rules

Environmental Monitor makes sure environmental rules are followed

Plant Foremansupervises all operations, hires and trains

workers

Drilling Foreman responsible for all activity on drilling rig

Professional JobsJOB DESCRIPTION

Geologist explores for oil and gas deposits

Petroleum Engineeruses geology, physics and engineering to recover, develop and process petroleum

Research Analystdevelops models that determine if

exploration and production will be feasible

Land Surveyorsurveys land surface to determine

boundaries, contours and other features

Accountant keeps financial records

Nursetends to injuries and ensures a safe, healthy

work environment

Land Agentadministers surface and mineral rights for

exploration and production

General Managermakes sure everything in the whole business is running as best it can

Supporting Jobs

Expediting Security Equipment Rental Cooking/Catering Painter/Drywaller Labour Pool

Coordinator Pilot/Transportation Fuel Supply and Haul

Trucking Supply of

Explosives/Chemicals Geophysical Surveying Camp Management Camp Construction Remote

Communications Supplying Materials

LIST OF COMPANIES IN OIL & GAS

Si. No. Company Name

1 Assam Oil Company Ltd. (ACL), India

2 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), United Arab Emirates

3 Alon USA, United States

4 Amerada Hess Corporation, United States

5 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, United States

6 Apache Corporation, United States

7 Arbusto Energy, United States

8 Atlantic Petroleum, Faroe Islands

9 BG Group, United Kingdom

10 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, India

11 BHP Billiton, Australia

12 Buzachi Petroleum Operating, Kazakhstan

13 BP, United Kingdom

14 Cairn Energy, India

15 Canadian Natural Resources, Canada

16 Chevron Corporation, United States

17 Chief Oil and Gas, United States

18 Citgo, Venezuela

19 CNOOC Ltd., China

20 ConocoPhillips, United States

Si. No. Company Name

22 Crown Central Petroleum, United States

23 Cupet, Cuba

24 Devon Energy, United States

25 Ecopetrol, Colombia

26 Enbridge, Canada

27 EnCana, Canada

28 ENSCO International, United States

29 Eni, Italy

30 Essar oil ltd., India

31 Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activites Petroliere (ETAP), Tunisia

32 ExxonMobil, United States

33 First Texas Energy Corporation, United States

34 Galp Energia, Portugal

35 GeoPardazesh - Petroleum Exploration Services Co. Ltd., Iran

36 Petronet LNG Limited, India

37 Gujarat Gas Co. Ltd., India

38 Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, India

39 Gulf Oil, Luxembourg

40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland

Si. No. Company Name

40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland

41 Hargeisa Minerals & Resources Company Ltd, Somaliland

42 Hellenic Petroleum, Greece

43 Hess Corporation, United States

44 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India

45 Husky Energy, Canada

46 IB Daiwa, Japan

47 Imperial Oil, Canada

48 INA - Industrija Nafte, Croatia

49 Indian Oil Corporation, India

50 Inpex, Japan

51 Irving Oil, Canada

52 Japan Energy, Japan

53 Kaz-Munay Gaz, Kazakhstan

54 Karazhanbas Munay, Kazakhstan

55 Kerr-McGee, United States

56 Koch Industries, United States

57 Kuwait German Petroleum Company, Canada

58 Kuwait Gulf Oil Company, Kuwait

59 Kuwait National Petroleum Company Kuwait

60 Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait

Si. No. Company Name

61 Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, Kuwait

62 LUKoil, Russia

63 Marathon Oil Corporation, United States

64 Maurel & Prom, France

65 Maxol Group, Republic of Ireland

66 MedcoEnergi, Indonesia

67 Mol Group, Hungary

68 Naftna Industrija Srbije, Serbia

69 Naftogas of Ukraine, Ukraine

70 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Iran

71 National Oil Corporation, Libya

72 Neste Oil, Finland

73 Nexen, Canada

74 Nippon Oil, Japan

75 NNPC, Nigeria

76 Oil Planet International Corp, United States

77 Northern Resources, Canada

78 Oil and Gas Development Company Limited, Pakistan

79 Occidental Petroleum, United States

80 Oil India Limited, India

Si. No. Company Name

81 Oman Oil Company (OOC), Oman

82 OMV, Austria

83 ONGC, India

84 PKN Orlen S.A., Poland

85 PSO, Pakistan

86 Petróleos de Venezuela, Venezuela

87 Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico

88 Petroleum Development Oman, (PDO)

89 Perenco, France, United Kingdom

90 Petro-Canada, Canada

91 Petrobras, Brazil

92 PetroChina, China

93 PetroKazakhstan, Kazakhstan

94 Petrom, Romania

95 Petron Corporation, Philippines

96 PETRONAS, Malaysia

97 PETROTRIN, Trinidad and Tobago

98 PetroVietnam, Vietnam

99 Pertamina, Indonesia

100 Polish Oil and Gas Company, Poland

Si. No. Company Name

101 Plains Exploration & Production Company (PXP), United States

102 PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand

103 Qatar Petroleum, Qatar

104 Reliance Industries Limited, India

105 Repsol YPF, Spain

106 Rompetrol Group N.V., Romania

107 Royal Dutch Shell, Netherlands, United Kingdom

108 Sagiz Petroleum, Kazakhstan

109 San-Ai Oil, Japan

110 Santos Limited, Australia

111 Sasol, South Africa

112 Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia (the largest in the world)

113 Shell Canada, Canada (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)

114 Shell Oil Company, US (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)

115 Sinclair Oil, United States

116 Sinopec, China

117 Snpc, Congo-Brazzaville

118 Sonangol, Angola

119 Sonatrach, Algeria

120 SPC, Singapore

Si. No. Company Name

121 StatoilHydro, Norway

122 State Oil Company of Azerbaijan, SOCAR Azerbaijan

123 Somerset Refinery, United States

124 State Oil Company of Suriname, Suriname

125 Sunoco, United States

126 Suncor Energy, Canada

127 Surgutneftegaz, Russia

128 Syncrude, Canada

129 Talisman Energy, Canada

130 Todd Energy, New Zealand

131 Total, France

132 Tullow Oil, United Kingdom

133 United Refining Company, United States

134 Vaalco Energy Inc., United States

135 Wintershall, Germany

136 Woodside Petroleum, Australia

137 XTO Energy, United States

138 YPF, Argentina

139 YPFB, Bolivia

Si. No. Company Name

1Wal-Mart Stores

2Royal Dutch Shell

3Exxon Mobil

4BP

5Sinopec Group

6China National Petroleum

7State Grid

8Toyota Motor

9Japan Post Holdings

10Chevron

Employment Statistics

Lab0ur Statistics

CONCLUSION

Booming Sector

THANK YOU