Upstream Oil and Gas process overview

Simple Upstream oil and gas process

Flair

Lease Fuel

Fuel usedIn compressionOr gas processing

PlantNGL

Simple Upstream oil and gas process

Complex Upstream oil and gas process

Gas lift:Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high-pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The principle of gas lift is that gas injected into the tubing reduces the density of the fluids in the tubing, and the bubbles have a “scrubbing” action on the liquids. Both factors act to lower the flowing bottom hole pressure (BHP) at the bottom of the tubing. There are two basic types of gas lift in use today—continuous and intermittent flow. This page briefly describes each method and its advantages and disadvantages.

Gas injection:The technique of injecting gas into a reservoir. It may be done for pressure maintenance, oil viscosity reduction, light end stripping or storage.

Chemical Injection:A general term for injection processes that use special chemical solutions to improve oil recovery, remove formation damage, clean blocked perforations or formation layers, reduce or inhibit corrosion, upgrade crude oil, or address crude oil flow-assurance issues. Injection can be administered continuously, in batches, in injection wells, or at times in production wells.

Enhanced Oil Recovery (abbreviated EOR) is a generic term for techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field. Enhanced oil recovery is also called improved oil recovery or tertiary recovery (as opposed to primary and secondary recovery). Sometimes the term quaternary recovery is used to refer to more advanced, speculative, EOR techniques.[ Using EOR, 30 to 60 percent or more of the reservoir's original oil can be extracted,[5] compared with 20 to 40 percent using primary and secondary recovery.

Gas injection or miscible flooding is presently the most-commonly used approach in enhanced oil recovery

An oil/gas separator is a pressure vessel used for separating a well stream into gaseous and liquid components. They are installed either in an onshore processing station or on an offshore platform. Based on the vessel configurations, the oil/gas separators can be divided into horizontal, vertical, or spharical separators. In teams of fluids to be separated, the oil/gas separators can be grouped into gas/liquid two-phase separator or oil/gas/water three-phase separator. Based on separation function, the oil/gas separators can also classified into primary phase separator, test separator, high-pressure separator, low-pressure separator, deliquilizer, degasser, etc. To meet process requirements, the oil/gas separators are normally designed in stages, in which the first stage separator is used for priliminary phase separation, while the second and third stage separator are applied for further treatment of each individual phase (gas, oil and water). Depending on a specific application, oil/gas separators are also called deliquilizer or degasser. The deliquilizers are used to remove dispersed droplets from a bulk gas stream; while the degassers are designed to remove contaimined gas bubbles from the bulk liquid stream.

Compression:The gas must be treated for sales or disposal. In the past, disposal sometimes meant flaring or venting, but now gas that can’t be transported is usually compressed for reinjection into the reservoir. Gas treating may involve only separation from the liquids, or it may include additional processes such as:

compressiondehydrationremoving H2S and CO2

gas processing to condense heavier components that can be transported as a liquid

Dehydration of natural gasDehydration of natural gas means extracting water vapor from the gas to a specified maximum limit for residual water content. There are various processes available for dehydration, such as:

absorption with glycoladsorption with dry desiccantabsorption with a deliquescent saltand refrigeration and hydrate suppression with a chemical

InletEP203WetGas

outEP204Residue

outNGL’sButanePropaneEthane

SaleAffiliate

SaleAffiliate

FICO AR SDAPMM

BI

JVAHCM Treasury

Management/CFO/SEC/ IRS/ Share Holders/ Banks/ Employees

Hanna

Vendors Customer

Employee Banks

MobilityBO

CRMSalefore.com

SRM/CLM

Engineering

PP, PM,QM

PRA

Production

ContractAllocation

Ownership

Revenue

Compliance

Field dataCapture Sys

DN1000 BBLMonthly

PIScada

TOWECMerrickP2-Oracle

FICO

DN

MP

WC-1

Sales meter - 1000

WC-2800

200Allocation

RI – John – 20WI – 1 – Operating – 40 - 50WI – 2 – non Operating - 40 - 50

WI - C1- MK1 – 50% - 500WI – C2 – MK1 – 50% - 500

AllocationVolumes

Venture/DOI

TOBINLand

MarketingEndur Price

Ownership

Qty*Price = Gross-Marketing costs-Taxes = Net

StateFederalJVA

Well

EngineeringReal-timeDaily Allocations / Operational

Monthly Allocations / Accounting

Sample Gas network in PRA

Sample Oil Network

RI - Royalty interest ownerWI - Working interest ownerWC – Well completionDN – Delivery NetworkMK1 – Marketing repNRI – Net Royalty IntGRI – Gross Royalty intDOI – Division of Interest

D CAR 100000RI 20000- dedIncome 40000MKT costsTaxes

Business - 10 - Business lead process Owner Business support - 80 – Day to support Process consultants - 5 – Consulting , fixing issues Offshore business support – 300 – File taxes Offshore technical – 20 – ABAP, custom development