Offshore Wind: Global Progress in the Past Year

Offshore Wind: Global Progress in the Past Year

Electric Power 2012 Dr. Allan R. Hoffman/U.S. Department of Energy 16 May 2012Outline of PresentationWhy offshore wind and how big is the resource?

Statistics from one year ago

Current statistics

The USG offshore wind program

Concluding remarks2Why Offshore Wind?Offshore Wind (OSW) has the potential, when widely deployed, to address two critical issues facing the nation

the need for new electrical energy sources that are carbon-freerenewableindigenous to the U.S.

the need to stimulate the economy and create new jobs

3Why Offshore Wind? (continued)OSW power plants can produce up to 50% more electricity than onshore cousins due to higher and steadier wind speeds

Proximity to major U.S. load centers with high average electricity costs50% of Americans live within 50 miles of a coast

Other advantages over onshore locationsallows deployment of larger wind turbinesreduced visual impactsless turbulencelower noise constraints (allowing higher rotor speeds)

4How Big is the Resource?5

How Big is the Resource? (continued)OSW is a large, broadly distributed, U.S. energy resource thirty U.S. states border an ocean or Great LakeNREL-estimated gross resource at 90m hub height out to 50 nmwind speeds > 7 m/s: ~3,000 GWwind speeds > 8 m/s: ~4,000 GWU.S. installed generating capacity: ~1,000 GW

The global OSW resource is abundant, with the U.S. potential ranked second only to Chinas

European Union countries have been first movers and currently lead the world in installed offshore wind power

6Statistics From One Year AgoInstalled OSW capacity (end of 2010):European Union:2.9 GW in 45 wind farms and 9 countries1,136 turbinesfoundations: 65% monopilesaverage wind farm size: 155 MWaverage water depth: 17.4 mAverage distance to shore: 27 kmChina:first OSW wind farm connected to grid: 3 MW x 34 = 102 MW ten other individual OSW turbines in operationsize range: 1.5-2 MW

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Current StatisticsInstalled OSW capacity (end of 2011):

European Union (overall):3.8GW in 53 wind farms in 10 countries1,371 turbinesfoundations: 75% monopiles; 21% gravity-basedtwo full scale grid-connected floating turbines (2-3MW)average wind farm size: 200 MWaverage water depth: 22.8 maverage distance to shore: 23.4 km this is a decrease from 2010average distance for wind farms under construction: 33.2 km

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European Union :Top Operational Wind FarmsRated by nameplate capacity:

United KingdomWalney (phases 1 & 2): 367 MWThanet: 300 MWLinn & Inner Dowsing: 194 MWRobin Rigg: 180 MWGunfleet Sands: 172 MWOrmonde: 150 MW Kentish Flats: 90 MWBarrow: 90 MWBurbo Bank: 90 MWRhyl Flats: 90 MW

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European Union:Top Operational Wind Farms (continued)DenmarkHorns Rev II: 209 MWRodsand II: 207 MWNysted: 166 MW BelgiumBligh Bank: 165 MWNetherlandsPrincess Amalia: 120 MWEgmond on Zee: 108 MWSwedenLillgrund: 110 MWGermanyAlpha Ventus: 60 MWBaltic I: 48 MW10

Top Operational Wind Farms (continued)China:Donghai Bridge: 102 MW

Longyuan Rudong Intertidal: 131.3 MW

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Top 10 OSW Farms Under ConstructionUnited Kingdom:London Array (Phase I): 630 MWGreater Gabbard: 504 MWSheringham Shoal: 315 MWLincs: 270 MWTeesside: 62 MWGermany:Trianel Borkum West II: 400 MWBARD Offshore I: 400 MWDenmark:Anholt: 400 MWBelgium: Thortonbank Phase 2: 148 MWChina:Datang Laizhou III: 50 MW12

Top 10 OSW Farms ProposedUnited Kingdom:Dogger Bank: 9,000 MW (13,000 MW potential)Norfolk Bank: 7,200 MWIrish Sea: 4,200 MWHornsea: 4,000 MWFirth of Forth: 3,500 MWBristol Channel: 1,500 MWMoray Firth: 1,300 MWTriton Knoll: 1,200 MWSweden:Blekinge Offshore: 2,500 MWSouth Korea:Korea Offshore: 2,500 MW

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The USG Offshore Wind ProgramA National Offshore Wind Strategy: Creating an Offshore Wind Energy Industry in the United Stateshttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/national_offshore_wind_strategy.pdfannounced jointly by DOE and DOI February 2011 goals: 2020: 10 GW installed @ $0.10/kWh2030: 54 GW installed @ $0.07/kWh

Department of the Interiorcritical partner has primary jurisdiction over OSW projects in federal watersannounced Smart from the Start initiative November 2010To facilitate project siting, leasing , construction off the Atlantic Coasthttp://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/02/10/smart-start-building-clean-energy-future

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The USG Offshore Wind Program (continued)DOE actions in support of the Strategic Plan:

February 2011: announced release of three solicitations (up to $50.5 over five years):

Technology Development (up to $25M over 5 years) -support development of innovative wind turbine design tools and hardwareRemoving Market Barriers (up to $18M over 3 years): - support baseline studies and targeted environmental research to characterize key industry sectors and factors limiting the deployment of offshore wind. Next-Generation Drivetrain (up to $7.5M over 3 years): - fund development and refinement of next-generation designs for wind turbine drivetrains

15The USG Offshore Wind Program (continued)DOI actions in advance and support of the Strategic Plan:

June 2010: Interior and 10 East Coast states form OSW Consortium to promote development of OCS wind resources along East CoastME, NH, MA, RI, NY, NJ, DE, MD, VA, NC

February 2011: identified four mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Areas as part of Smart from the Start:Delaware (122 square nautical miles) Maryland (207 )New Jersey (417) Virginia (165)

April 2012: released draft EIS for assessing OSW resource potential in Mid- and South-Atlantic planning areas 16The USG Offshore Wind Program (continued)New Funding Opportunity Announcement by DOE (1 March 2012):

six-year $180M initiative that seeks applications for Research Addressing Market Barriers reflects increased focus in Wind Power Program on OSW Includes $20M in FY2012, to fund up to four OSW projects designed todrive down cost of OSW farmsreduce concerns about ease of permitting, offshore installations, grid integrationreassure financiers about value of investmentsLetters of Intent were due March 30thapplications due May 31st

17Atlantic Wind Connection (proposed)18private sector initiative

offshore high-voltage direct-current transmission line off the mid-Atlantic Coast, capable of serving up to 7,000 megawatts of power from OSW farms

December 2011: DOI completed internal review of AWCs Right-of-Way application, prior to its release for public review

Project, if deployed, would span 300 miles of state and federal waters from NJ/NY to VA

Concluding RemarksA year ago I concluded a talk on OSW with following words:- offshore wind is the most important emerging renewable energy technology- it can, and must, become an important part of the U.S. energy picture and its future economic growth- the U.S. is well behind the Europeans and China at this early stage of OSW development and deployment - nevertheless, given the U.S. resource base, our ability to innovate, and our broad and excellent manufacturing base, we can eventually play a major and even dominant role in OSW if we decide as a nation to do so.

These conclusions are still valid today, with the following caveats:One year later the decision has been made to put increasing focus in DOEs future Wind Power Program on OSWDOE has committed $180M over six years ($20M in FY2012) to getting OSW equipment in the waters off of U.S. coasts19Thank YouContact information:

E-mail: allan.hoffman@ee.doe.gov

Telephone: 202 /586-830220