Floating Offshore Gas

Andy Alderson

Manager - Offshore Oil & Gas

Offshore Gas Developments

Regas

Offshore Regas - RV

• Energy Bridge – Exmar/Excelerate

• Neptune LNG – GdF Hoegh

– Conventional Loading

– Ship to Ship Transfer with hoses

– Onboard Re-gas

– Send out via STL or conventional manifold

Offshore Regas

Fixed Floating Terminal

• Brazil FSRU Projects – Petrobras/Golar

• Dubai FSRU - Shell

– Permanently moored to jetty

– LNG Loading via conventional loading

arm

– Send out via manifold

– NO direct ship to ship transfer

Fixed Floating Terminal

Fixed Offshore GBS

• Adriatic LNG (Rovigo)

– Gravity Based Storage and Regas

– Offshore loading using loading arms

– Send out via pipeline

Fixed GBS

Adriatic - GBS

Fixed Offshore Floating

• OLT Livorno

• Triton LNG

– True Floating Storage & Regas vessel

– Loading Offshore ship to ship transfer with

hard arms

– Send out through STL or Fixed turret system

Triton LNG

Livorno OLT

New Challenges - Loading

FMC Loading Arms - OLT

New Challenges - Mooring

Relative Motions

Summary

Brazil – 1 Brazil -2 Livorno OLT Dubai Rovigo Neptune Triton Port Dolphin

Regasification 2.5 bcm/yr 5.1 bcm/yr 5.1 bcm/yr 4.0bcm/yr

Storage 129,000m3 138,000m3 137,000m3 125,000m3 147,000m3 147,000m3 147,000m3

Location Existing Pier New Pier Offshore New Pier GBS Offshore Offshore Offshore Offshore

LNG Transfer Over jetty /

loading arms

on jetty

Over Jetty /

Loading arms

on FSRU

Side by Side /

Loading arms

on FSRU

Side by Side /

Loading arms

on FSRU

Side by Side /

Loading arms

on GBS

No Transfer

LNGRV used

Side by Side /

Loading arms

on FSRU

No Transfer

LNGRV used

Gas Transfer HP Arms on

Jetty

HP Arms on

Jetty

Riser to

subsea p/l

HP Arms on

Jetty

Pipeline HP Pipe via

STL

HP Pipe via

STL

HP Pipe via

STL

Vaporization Closed Loop Closed/Open

Loop

Open Loop Open Loop

Mooring

System

Conventional Conventional Turret

Mooring

Conventional GBS Fixed STL Mooring STL Mooring STL Mooring

Flexibility LNGC LNGC - LNGC - LNGC LNGC LNGC

Rules & Regulations

• Floating Units fall between traditional

marine and onshore regulations.

• The scope of each may vary

depending upon location.

• One Solution will not fit all.

• Experience will help to ease this

process.

• Class & Regulatory Bodies need to be consulted at a very early stage.

Key Areas of Consideration

• Applicable Rules & Regulations

• Application of Novel Technologies

• Design Criteria & Processes

• Construction Process

• Commissioning Process

• Start-Up Process

International Regulations

• Typically

– SOLAS

– MARPOL

– IGC

– STCW (depending on location)

As none of these rules have been written

with offshore gas in mind they need to be

carefully studied to determine what is

applicable based upon the specific

project.

Regional Regulations

• European Union (EU) Directives

– Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)

– Marine Equipment Directive (MED)

• EN1474-2 for flexible hoses

• EN1474-3 for offshore transfer systems.

RINA Rules

• RINA Rules for the Classification of Floating Units intended for Production, Storage and Offloading of Liquid Hydrocarbons or intended for Storage, Off-loading and Regasification of Liquefied Gases

• RINA Guide for the Design, Construction and Installation of Steel Offshore Single Point Moorings

• RINA Rules for the Classification of ships

• Applicable International Rules, depending on the intended operation (e.g. IMO IGC Code)

Application

Ships or other floating units, moored to the seabed and intended for:

production and/or storage and off-loading of liquid hydrocarbons

Storage and/or unloading and/or re-gasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

FPSO Production, storage and off-loading of liquid hydrocarbons

FPO Production and off-loading of liquid hydrocarbons

FSO Storage and off-loading of liquid hydrocarbons

FSRU Off-loading, Storage and/or regasification of liquefied natural gases

C X [Hull] X [Mach] [FPSO] [FPO] [FSO] [FSRU]

Operating area notation – Additional Class Notations

Case Study

ITALY

Italian LNG Projects

• Adriatic LNG, Rovigo: GBS offshore regasification

plant

• API, Falconara: oil refinery and LNG regasification

plant

• ENEL, Montalto di Castro: LNG carriers @ offshore

platform

• Nuove Energie, Porto Empedocle: onshore LNG

regasification plant

• OLT, Livorno: LNG carriers STS @ SPM

• Sorgenia-Iride, Gioia Tauro: onshore LNG

regasification plant

• Ionio Gas, Priolo: onshore LNG regasification plant

• Terminal Alpi Adriatico, Monfalcone: GBS offshore

regasification plant

• Fiamma 2000, Ardea: offshore GPL receiving

terminal @ conventional multiple buoy system

• Sorgenia TORP; Offshore hiload system

Permitting Process (Italy)

• APPROVAL TO INSTALL AND OPERATE AN OFFSHORE

TERMINAL IN ITALY(Major Permits):

• Environment Impact Assessment (onshore & offshore)

• Nulla Osta di Fattibilità (Safety Risk Assessment)

• MAP Decree Authorization to construct and operate

• Maritime Concession

• Others include Public Interest Concessions, etc.

National Regulations

• Environment Impact Assessment (onshore & offshore)

Based on art. 6, Law n. 349/86, Law n.220/92 Law n.152/2006 –Analysis of the Environment Impact Study

• Nulla Osta di Fattibilità (Safety Risk Assessment)

Based on Seveso Directive, Sveso Ter or CEE 105/2003 –Preliminary and Final Safety Reports, Testing Commission. Competent authority is the C.T.R. (Regional Technical Committee)

• MAP Decree Authorization to construct and operate

Based on art. 8 Law 340/00 – Allows Company to build and run the terminal

• Maritime Concession

Based on Italian Navigation Code - Issued by Coast Guard/Harbour Master after a Ministry of Transport Decree. Allows Company to occupy a certain water area in open sea for installing and running the terminal and the pipelineto shore

Technical Queries

National Regulations

• Currently there are no ‘set’ national

rules as there is limited experience.

• RINA with the experienced gained can

work with national authorities to gain

approvals and permitting case by

case.

Summary Rules Services

• Classification according to IMO and RINA Rules

(including ISM, ISPS etc.)

• Inspections and testing of equipment

• Type approvals

• Materials/certifications

• Assistance for compliance with the applicable

requirements of governmental authorities

(typically, Flag and Coastal states)

• Certification services for additional legislative

issues, e.g. MED (EU Directive 2001/53/ EC), PED

(EU Directive 97/23/EC) etc.

Current Projects Risk-Based Services

• Technology Qualification

• FMECA

• HAZOP

• Risk-based maintenance strategies

(Reliability-Centered Maintenance,

Condition-Based Maintenance)

• Risk-Based Inspections

• Assistance in drafting Safety Cases

Novel Technologies

• Why do we need ‘Technology

Qualification’

• The main reason is the banks. In the

current credit crisis the new technology

or new uses of existing technology is

seen as high risk.

• Secondly permitting (Safety)

• The technology qualification by independent 3rd party reduces this risk

Novel Technologies

• The Process consists of 4 deliverables

– Technology Assessment

– Qualification Plan

– Qualification Report

– Approval

Assessment Process

• Define Qualification Basis

– System Description

•Capacities, Environmental data of operation,

etc

– Inherent uncertainties

•Dynamic responses, installation, loads, tests

etc.

Assessment Process

• Failure Mode Identification & Risk

Ranking

– Failure Causes

– Functional Elements

– Interfacing

Assessment Process

• Maintenance & Modification (Concept

Improvement)

– Failure mode screening

– Maintainability Analysis

– Maintenance Planning

– Cost benefit analysis

– Maintenance Costs

Design Process

Assessment Process

• Select Qualification Methods

– FAT Procedures

• Success Evaluation

– Define criteria for Evaluation

• Data Collection

• Functionality Assessment.

Process Summary

• Establish an overall plan for the qualification. This is

a continuous process and needs updating after

each step using the available knowledge on the

status of the qualification.

• Establish a qualification basis comprising:

requirements, specification and description. Define

the functionality and limiting parameters for the new

technology.

• Screening the technology based on identification of

failure modes and their risk, and classification of the

technology in degree of newness to focus the effort

where the related uncertainty is most significant.

Process Summary

• Assess maintenance, condition monitoring

and possible modification effects to reduce

the risk.

• Plan and execute reliability data collection.

The data is used to analyse the risk for not

meeting the specifications through:

experience, numerical analysis and tests.

• Analyse the reliability of the new

technology, and thereby the risk of the

failure modes related to the functional

requirements of the new technology.

TQ For Livorno FSRU

• Tools being used for TQ:

• Tri-Ex Vaporizers: Structural finite element analysis to investigate fatigue and CFD to verify efficiency of thermal exchange in presence of ship motions

• Side-by-side mooring: seakeeping analysis supported by extensive tank tests, to define the operating envelope on the site

• Loading arms: FMECA of functional aspects comprehensive of operating issues

Novel Technology

• Case Study – Cargo Transfer

– Areas to consider

• Transfer System – Loading Arms

•Mooring arrangements

Novel Technologies

• Loading Arms

– Well proven for transfer between ship and

shore for LNG

– Never used in open water between two

moving objects

– The following to be investigated

•Operating envelope

•Reliability (maintenance)

•Operations connection/disconnection

•Availability

•Failure modes

– Design out problems and demonstrate this

Novel Technologies

• Mooring Arrangements

– Ships motions – (model testing &

verification)

– Verify mooring system

•Operating limits

•Operations (mooring/unmooring)

•Reliability

•Availability of vessel.

•Failure modes

HAZOP

• RINA offers its clients experienced

personnel and customized recording

tools to facilitate HAZOP.

• This service will enable operators and

designers to satisfy the regulatory and

corporate requirements for hazard

identification of new or existing

facilities.

Typical Hazop Workshop

Typical Hazop Worksheet

FMECA

• Failure Mode Effect & Criticality

Analysis (FMECA) – RINA’s Failure Mode Effect & Criticality Analysis

(FMECA) service will systematically address all

possible failure modes of a technical system and

the specific effects of certain failures.

– The results of an FMECA study are ideal for further

use in the development of reliability-centered

maintenance (RCM) programmes or for risk

management purposes.

Project Supervision

Project Manager

Project 1

Genoa Office

MARINE

Team Leader

Local Office

MARINE

Team Leader

Plan Approval

Services

Specialist Support

Services

Technical Support

SevicesSite Manager*

Machinery

Surveyor

Cryogenic

Surveyor*

Hull Surveyor

EIC Surveyor

Local Plan

Approval

Genoa Office

RIND

Team Leader

MANAGER GAS

PROJECTS

Head Office Team (Virtual Team)

Site Team

HULS

EATS

MACS*

SAFS

STRT*

PRMT*

PPVT

CSST

Meteo Marine

Permitting

Process Equip

Risk Assessment

LNG Operations*

Business Area

Manager

Customer

Manager

Terminal

Support*

*LNG Experience requiredENVT

Mooring

Training

Design Process

• RINA’s Role

– Independent Evaluation by a third party

with experience.

– Involvement required from the initial

concept stage.

– Evaluation and Verification throughout the

design and construction process.

– RINA Team skills to assist

• LNG operations, mooring, ship to ship transfer,

offshore operations.

•Experienced staff, master, chief engineer,

superintendent.

RINA Services

Ship Handling Studies

Meteo-marine Study

Sea-keeping Studies

Mooring & Operability Studies

Logistic Studies

Risk & Environmental Assessment

Cost-to-Benefit Analyses

Project Target & Boundary

Conditions

Optimised Configuration

Authority Engineering

Approved Configuration

RINA Offshore Gas references

Adriatic LNG

Livorno OLT

RINA Offshore References

Scarabeo 5

Scarabeo 3

Saipem 7000

RINA FPSO References

FPSO “ALBA MARINA”

(Chain moored floating

turret)

FPSO “LIGURIA” (“Single

anchor leg system”)

FPSO “ACQUA BLU” (Ship

moored to a chain anchored

buoy)

FPSO “VEGA OIL” (“Single anchor

leg system”)

FPSO “FIRENZE” (Anchor and

chain moored turret)

Triton Project Update

• Vessel to be Italian Flag in Service

• Vessel to be Dual Class RINA + (BV or

DNV)

• Invitation to Bid – 3 Korean Yards and

issued End of May 2009.