office evolution infographic
TRANSCRIPT
1860s
1960s
1980s
1970s
Typewriter invented, paving the way for technology to change the way businesses operate
Video conferencing enters the board-room, as large corporations start to see the benefit of reduced travel expenses and more personal communication with long-distance clients.
1990sInternet access becomes the norm, as workers begin to benefit from the power of email as a business communication tool
O�ce cubicles isolate employees from the sights and sounds of open workspaces so they can work without distractions.
1937Alan Turing develops the concept
of a theoretical computing machine.
1975Altair invents the first portable
computer.
1998Sergey Brin and Larry Page
founded Google.
1963Douglass E. invents the first computer mouse.
1984Michael Dell, a 19-year-old, creates PCs Limited, selling computers built from stock components out of his dorm.
2002Approximately 1 billion PCs have been sold
O�ce PCs go mainstream, introducing many business people to spreadsheets and business printing for the first time
2000sIn house file storage is commonplace, organisations benefit from lower cost rack servers to store essential company information.
01
SE
CT
ION
46
18%
struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2) };
struct group_info *groups_alloc(int gidsetsize){
struct group_info *group_info; int nblocks; int i;
nblocks = (gidsetsize + NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK - 1) / NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK;
/* Make sure we always allocate at least one indirect block pointer */
nblocks = nblocks ? : 1;
group_info = kmalloc(sizeof(*group_info) + nblocks*sizeof(gid_t *), GFP_USER);
if (!group_info)
return NULL;
group_info->ngroups = gidsetsize;
group_info->nblocks = nblocks;
atomic_set(&group_info->usage, 1);
if (gidsetsize <= NGROUPS_SMALL)
group_info->blocks[0] = group_info->small_block; else {
for (i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) { gid_t *b;
b = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER); if (!b)
goto out_undo_partial_alloc;
group_info->blocks[i] = b; } }
return group_info;
out_undo_partial_alloc:
while (--i >= 0) {
free_page((unsigned long)group_info->blocks[i]); }
kfree(group_info); return NULL; }
5404
15
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
100
75
50
25
0
28%
28%
28%
28%
28%28%
28%
28%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Oct
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Oct
Dec
0102
0304
0506
0708
0910
JanFeb
MarApr
MayJun
JulAug
SepNov
OctDec
50%
25%
100%
0%
75%
Viktoria
CALLING
struct group_info in
it_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2
) };
struct g
roup_info *groups_alloc(in
t gidsetsize){
struct g
roup_info *group_info;
int nblocks;
int i;
nblocks = (g
idsetsize + NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK - 1) /
NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK;
/* M
ake sure we a
lways allocate at least o
ne indir
ect block pointer */
nblocks = nblocks ? : 1
;
group_info = kmalloc(s
izeof(*group_info) +
nblocks*sizeof(g
id_t *), G
FP_USER);
if (!g
roup_info)
r
eturn NULL;
group_info->ngroups = gidsetsize;
group_info->nblocks = nblocks;
atomic_set(&group_info->usage, 1)
;
i
f (gidsetsize <= NGROUPS_SMALL)
g
roup_info->blocks[0] = g
roup_info->small_block;
else {
f
or (i = 0; i <
nblocks; i++) {
gid_t *b
;
b = (v
oid *)__get_free_page(G
FP_USER);
if (!b
)
g
oto out_undo_partia
l_alloc;
group_info->blocks[i]
= b;
}
} r
eturn group_info;
out_undo_partial_alloc:
w
hile (--i >
= 0) {
free_page((u
nsigned long)group_info->blocks[i])
;
}
kfree(g
roup_info);
r
eturn NULL;
}
15:16
84 deg 2050sInteractive touch screen tables, with external sensory ability, holographic projections, smart watches or wearable technology. What will the future hold?
01
SE
CT
ION
46
18%
struct group_info init_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2) };
struct group_info *groups_alloc(int gidsetsize){
struct group_info *group_info; int nblocks; int i;
nblocks = (gidsetsize + NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK - 1) / NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK;
/* Make sure we always allocate at least one indirect block pointer */
nblocks = nblocks ? : 1;
group_info = kmalloc(sizeof(*group_info) + nblocks*sizeof(gid_t *), GFP_USER);
if (!group_info)
return NULL;
group_info->ngroups = gidsetsize;
group_info->nblocks = nblocks;
atomic_set(&group_info->usage, 1);
if (gidsetsize <= NGROUPS_SMALL)
group_info->blocks[0] = group_info->small_block; else {
for (i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) { gid_t *b;
b = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER); if (!b)
goto out_undo_partial_alloc;
group_info->blocks[i] = b; } }
return group_info;
out_undo_partial_alloc:
while (--i >= 0) {
free_page((unsigned long)group_info->blocks[i]);
}
kfree(group_info);
return NULL;
}
5404
15
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
100
75
50
25
0
28%
28%
28%
28%
28%28%
28%
28%
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Oct
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Oct
Dec
0102
0304
0506
0708
0910
JanFeb
MarApr
MayJun
JulAug
SepNov
OctDec
50%
25%
100%
0%
75%
Viktoria
CALLING
struct group_info in
it_groups = { .usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2
) };
struct g
roup_info *groups_alloc(in
t gidsetsize){
struct g
roup_info *group_info;
int nblocks;
int i;
nblocks = (g
idsetsize + NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK - 1) /
NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK;
/* M
ake sure we a
lways allocate at least o
ne indir
ect block pointer */
nblocks = nblocks ? : 1
;
group_info = kmalloc(s
izeof(*group_info) +
nblocks*sizeof(g
id_t *), G
FP_USER);
if (!g
roup_info)
r
eturn NULL;
g
roup_info->ngroups = gidsetsize;
group_info->nblocks = nblocks;
atomic_set(&group_info->usage, 1)
;
i
f (gidsetsize <= NGROUPS_SMALL)
g
roup_info->blocks[0] = g
roup_info->small_block;
else {
f
or (i = 0; i <
nblocks; i++) {
gid_t *b
;
b = (v
oid *)__get_free_page(G
FP_USER);
if (!b
)
g
oto out_undo_partia
l_alloc;
group_info->blocks[i]
= b;
}
} r
eturn group_info;
out_undo_partial_alloc:
w
hile (--i >
= 0) {
free_page((u
nsigned long)group_info->blocks[i])
;
}
kfree(g
roup_info);
r
eturn NULL;
}
15:16
84 deg
2010sDell hybrid laptops, tablets and smart-phones enables employees to work e�ectively on the move, and in the o�ce.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
OFFICE
OFFICEof th
eof th
e
OFFICE
Reel to reel tape recorder
‘Picturephone’ - early videoconferencing device
Wired 56kbits/ modem
3½-inch floppy disksand CD-ROMs
Flatscreens, printer/scannersand larger internal storage
8-inch floppy disks, and anearly mobile phone
All-in-one PCsusing cloud storage
Table interacts withreal-world objects
Smith Corona Typewriter
Early version ofthe typewriter
Archiving done by handand on paper
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