of vltal and epidemiological statistics

WORLD HEALTEI ORGANIZATION

S U M M A R Y

OF

VlTAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL

STATISTICS

SOUTH EAST ASIA REGION

New Delhi, September 1956

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

REGIONAL COMMITTEE

Ninth Session Provisional Agenda item 19

REGIONAL OFFICE FOR

SOUTH-EAST ASIA

SEA/RC9/5 - - -

September 1956

S U M M A R Y

OF

VITAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL

STATISTICS

SOUTH EAST ASIA REGION

TABLE O F CONTENTS

TECHNICAL FOREWORD

Page

V

TABLES

POPULATION

... Table 1 Population. area and density . countries of South-East Asia ... . . . . . . 1

... Table 2 Population by &year age gmups and sex . countries of South-East Asia . . . . . . 2 ... ... Table 3 Population. urban and rural by sex . countries of South-Fast Asia ... 4

VITAL STATISTICS

Table 4 Live births and crude birth rates . cnuntries of South-East Asia ... ... ... ... Table 5 Deaths and crude denth rates . countries of South-Eaat Asia ... ... ... ... Table 6 Infant deaths and infant mortality rates . countries of South-East Asia . . . . . . ... Table 7 Expectation of life a t birth . Ceylon. India. Thailand ... ... . . . . . . . . . Table 8 Expectation of life a t birth . India by zones. 1941.1950 ... ... ... ... ... Table 9 Population. area. and crude birth rates . four states of India ... . . . . . . ... Table 10 Crude death rates and infant mortality rates . four state# of India ... ... ...

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATISTICS

Table 11 Reported caaes of and deaths from cholera with rates per 100. 000 population . countries of South-Emt Asia ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 12 Reported cases of and deaths fmm plague with rates per 100. 000 population . countries of ... ... ... ... South-East Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Table 13 Reported casesof and deaths fromsmallpox with ratesper 100. 000 population . countriesof Soutn- East Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . ... ...

Table 14 Reported cases of and deaths f ~ ~ m typhus and other rickettsial &eases with rates per 100. 000 population . countries of South-East Asia . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Talbe 15 Reported cases of and deaths from relapsing fever with rates per 100. 000 population . countries of South-East Asia ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Table 16 Reported deaths from cholera . states of India ... ... . . . . . . ... ... Table 17 Reported deaths from plague . states of India . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . Table 18 Reported deaths from smallpox . states of India ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . .

... ... ... ... ... ... Table 19 List of notifiable diseases ... ... ... HEALTH FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL

Table 20 Hospihls. medical centres and other hospital estahlishmeuts . countries of Sonth-East Asis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 21 Health personnel . countries of South-East Asia ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

TECHNICAL FOREWORD

The need for adequate statistical information iri is printed without an indication of source and order to plan and evaluate health programmer is reliability. generally recognized in South-East Asia aa elsewhere. Unfortunately the countries where scarce rcsrlurccs make the need for data most impenttive arc na~ially those where information i~ most difficult to obtain. The reasons for this situation are obvious, and, while much progress is being made on the long and arduous road towards complete and accurate health statistics, for the time being the best use has t,o be made of admittedly imperfect material. The need for these tables arose out of frequent requests f i r infol.mation on vital and epidemiolngical evcnts from varim~x quarters, both official and non-official. Data and rates presented in the body of narrative reports have a tendency to be taken at face-value, ignoring coverage and methods of calculation. I t was felt, therefore, that a set of tables, pnblished with dne consido~.ut.i~~n of sources and other limilati~~ns, could 1111 thc one hand satisfy a demand for statisbicnl information, and on

the other, guard against erroneous conclurii<~ns. Thc existing international publications are voluminous, and neveral publications have to be consulted to obtain the type of data most frequently desired.

The assemblage of footnotes may appear formidablr to administrators seeking a simplr Hummary of the facts, but they constitute one of the main reasons f,,r publication. To make any use at all of stc~tisties known to be iummplete, i t is essential that their limitations he borne in mind. A United Nations Manual* points out that evcn relatively good statk- tica, "whose extent and reliability are not indicated. havt often proved t o be more dangerous and have led to more incorrect conclusions, than much poorer statistics which are clearly shown to be such". Thin Manual further states that: "Indications of inaccuracies are an almost unfailing sign that efforts are made to appraise the quality of the statistical information, and hence to improve it. Far from detracting from the value of tho figures, indicntiuns of the degree of their reliability actually increatie their usefulness". The urgent needs of public health planning in Asia require that we make use of information of widely varying degrees of reliability, including u-ell- informed guesses. No objection can he raised, even by the most pedantic, provided no figure whatever

- .~ ~ ~ ~

* Handbook of Vital Statiatios Methods. Series F No. 7.

It is sometimes thought that inaccurate statistics may still serve to indicate the trend of events with sufficient accuracy. Frequently this is so, and there can be no doubt that Asian statistics are more reliable and useful as indices of trends within a country than they are for inter-country comparisons. However, when data are very incomplete, there is no certainty that improvements in collecting them may not completely falsify current trends. I t is by no means uncommon to find that the only statistically demonstrable result of an effective rural health programme has been a spec- tacular rise in the death rate. From every point of view, therefore, i t is necessary to bear in mind the limitations of the data. At the present time, special cffc~rts are being made t o assemble as much information as possible on global health problems for the year8 1964.1967. The tables presented relate chiefly t o the years 1950-1963, and so should be of intcrest as a hackground t o the forthcoming report. They will also serve as a bench mark against which the statistical advances which will undoubtedly take place in the next few years can he assaased.

Scope and Sources of the Data

"South-East Asia" in the present context refers to the WHO Region. The countries included are shown in Table 1. All the available national data are given for the selected topics. The much greater size of the population of India, as well as known variations of considerable interest between states, indicated some tabulations by regions and s t a t a . As comparability throughout the Region has been one of the objectives, the tables have been confined to data available with some degree of accuracy for a t least two countries. This limitation accounts for the uhsence of stillbirth and n~aternal mortality rates. For international purposes, cause-of-death statistics have t o be coded according to the Inter- national Classification. During rhe period covered by the tables, only one country in the region used an International List. When medical certification is possiblc for only a small minority of deaths, and diagnostic facilities are very limited, the belief that

the elaborate international classification cannot be used is easy to understand. But the known vagueness and inaccuracy of most of the statements made a,bout causes of death underline the need for the most precise coding and classification. Only when this is done can published information be assessed at its true value, statements with some evidential value distinguished from bhose with little or none, and programmes for improving the quality of the information planned in the most effective manner. I t is therefore enccuraging to note that several countries are now following international practice or are planning to do so in the near future.

As a firnt contribution to health reporting for the Region, the data presented have heen largely confined to what is available from international sources. It is believed that Member States all report regularly to the intenlatianal agencies concerned, and material from these sources has to some extent been evaluated. International sources have been supplemcnted to a small extent by official information made available to the Regional Office. There i8 reason to hope that, in the next four-year period, the scope of a report such an this can be considerably extended. The advances now being made should bear fruit, and other ueeful material no doubt exists, even if for part of a country only, particularly if a local estimate of the degree of reliability and coverage can be made.

Population Statistics

The population tables preacrlt the most recent post.war census population, together with official pos~-censal population estimates. Regular and accurate censuses are the first requirement for most health statistics, for without them rates calculated on a ppulation basis become very uncertain. While the post-war censunes are of varying degrees of aocu- racy, some having been taken under conditions of extreme difficulty, census data throughout the Region are probably of a higher order of reliability than any other type. One reason may be that the requirements of a national census in finance, personnel and organization are pretty widely ro- wgnized. Though good census-taking requires a

1955, and a system of symbols allotted indicating the quality of the basic data and the type of extrapolation used. From this analysis the reliability of the estimates can be assessed. For most of the countries of the Region, a low order of reliability is indicated.

This is inevitable, since accurate estimates demand complete counta of births, deaths and external mi- gration, all of which are lacking nearly everywhere. Where regular decennial censuses exist, the error for the first few years after a census is not likely to be

great, but may eventually become snbstantial. In Thailand, two sets of official estimates exist, one based on arithmetical and the other on geometrical extrapolat,ion. All figures and rates s h o w are based on the latter extrapolation. The Regional Office has h e n informed that Indonesia will shortly publish the first statistical year book since its Iudepcndence, "Buku Statistik Tujoh Belas Ai~gustlis 1956", and that this will contain a series of recent population estimates differing from those given in the Demo- graphic Year Book. The new estimates are hased on what is said to be a complete registration of the population in 1952 and on a further registration in Java and Madura in 1955. The new cries is probably the more accurate, but a8 the differences between the two series are not great, i t has seemed better t o retain the figures already published.

It is well known that in all Arian countries accurate statements of age are extremely difficult t o obtain. Different calcr~dars and methods of reckoning age. lack of interest in knowiug olle '~ precise age, absence of birth certificates, are all superimposed on types of error common to must parts of the world. An index of the acc~~racy of age statistics can be applied whenever uugradunted data by dngle years of age are available (vide 1)emographic Year Book 1955). This method has been applied to the Ceylon census of 1946 and the Thailaud census of 1947. Age statistics in both ceususes were found to be of a low order of accuracy. Errors are likely to be particularly large a t ages urider 5 years and over 60 years. At older age8 the distributions shown should probably be regarded an estimates only.

nucleus of permanent staff, the operatiorl is usually The progress of urbanization in the Region is of

regarded as a single, big, all-out effort, for which it great topical interest and highly relevant to health

is probably eaaierto mobilize resources and enthusiasm planning. Unfortunately there is no general agree-

than for the more difficult and continuous task of ment with respect t o definitions. Indeed, varying

recording current events. patterns of settlement suggest that meaningful inter-

Methods of calculatir~g post-censal population country comparisons could hardfy be compressed estimates are analysed in theDcmographic Year Book, within the limits of a census table, hut would require

elaborate ecological studies. Census definitions are and inspection. The countries concerned have many for the most part based on size of population within other urgent demands on their scarce resowom, local government boundaries, often fixed with little and they alone can decide whether a good vital regard for demographic reality. The limiting size statistical system will in the long run pay for itself of population differs from country to country. From by the elimination of wasteful and misdirected use additional census data i t appears that in Ceylon, of national resources. 1,000 is the lower limit of urban populations, whereas in Thailand it is 2,500. The definition employed With three exception6 (all relating to Thailand),

in India var ie~ f n m state to ntate. Thc numbrr of the vital rates are taken from the Demographic Year

persons in an urban place is usually 5,0(10 and over, Book. 111 statistical summary made available but the Census Report records that out of 62 million to the Regional Office by tho courtesy of the Govern-

urban 2 million live in townshipn ofless ment of Thailand, the number of births in 1952

than 5,000 persons. In order to distinguish between diEer8 from that in the Demographic Year Book;

an urhan place and a "villago", which may have more the former figure, appearing likely to be more

t,han 5,000 inhabitants, several stat08 postulate that cu"ect, ha8 heen given. The rates for 1954 are

the -torvnn or -towlltihip9~ pot;sess certain taken from the Thailand source. The abae~ice of

urban characteristics. These are usually: density, vital rates for Indonesia may give a mialeding

presence of a centre of trade and other urban amolli. im~'emion of the Progress being made; rates for Java

ties, and predomil~ant occuj~ations other than agri- and Madurn, covering about two-thkds of the popu-

Thus it seelns possible that the ~ ~ d i ~ ~ Iat,ion, \~ould probably be of a t least equal status

criterion of "urbanw may he on more with some regional ratcs published by international

rigorous than that ol,tairlil,g e~pel,.here, that, "llrces. However, the cautious and critical attitude given a comparable definition, India might emergu of the authorities, faced with tho task of building a more certairlly as the most urbaniacd coulltry in the statistics system ahnoat de novo, iu understand-

Region. While the foreguing remarks illrzstrate the able. difficulty of making inter-country con.parisions of proportions rural and urban, they do not affect the The evaluation symbols shown in the tables of

usefi~lness of census dat,a for recording trellds within births and deaths are taken from the Demographic

a country, for which, pmporly handled, they can Book, to the con'~leteneas of vital

provide adequate information. registration. No published information exists which would permit of an evaluation of the Thailand figures,

Vital Statistics but i t is believed that national statistician8 reoognize The first requirement for health planning is accu- the possibility of some degree of incompleteness,

rate birth, death, and infant mortality rates. Ex- particularly in the more remote rural areas. A perts have stressed that health statistics cover a further source of error in birth and death rates arises much wider field than "a mere count of births and from the uncertainty, dincu~sed above, of post-censal deaths". T h i ~ is nndoul)tedly true, hut the absence estimates of population. The difficulty of obtaining of any count beconlev a matler of high priority. accurate stntements of age affects the accuracy of Vital rates are equally essential for all aspects of life-tahles for the Region. Life-tables for India national planning, and are an important part of t,he have been computed by a rarely used method. The civil and legal structure of a well-ordered state. existence of good censuses over a long period, coupled The poverty of vital information in the Region is with extremely unreliable death rates, has prompted only too apparent from the tables. Thc task of the preparation of life-tables which use census data obtaining a complete count of all vital events is only. Mortality rates are calculated from a wm- extremely difficult, and has been achieved only re- parison of the census population at each age with the cently in many countries now considered to possess survivors a decade later, the rates for ages under 5 highly developed statistical systems. No one would and for 60 andoverbeingeatimated. Indianlife-tables be so hazardous as to proffer a simple recipe for are thus subject to a considerable margin of probable achieving complete registration in the Region, hut error, hut possibly no greater than other life-tahlea it is safe to say that rapid improvement would de- calculated by more usual actuarial methoda from mand a strong central organization, adequate trained inaccurate basic data. Only in very exceptional personnel a t all levels, and continuous field control circumstances does a crude death rate have any

value as a health index. Mortality rates specific for age and sex are required, and an index, such as the expectation of life a t birth, which is independent of variations in the ago and sex composition of the population. The importance of such an index seemed to justify the publication of all the available life-tables for the Region. For the countries of Table 7, life-table mortality rates specific by age and sex have been published in the Demographic Year Book 1954. While thrse rates are of great interest, the caution required for their interpretation prompted their exclusion from the present document.

Epidemiological Statistics

Data on the incidence of five quarantinable dis- easen are given in tho epidemiological tables, together with the corresponding rates. Yellow fever has bcen excluded, as there has been no known case of the disease in the Region so far. Table 19 givcs a list of notifiable diseases in the Region, according to the information available to WHO. "Compulsory notification" must not bc takcn to mean complete- nese of reporting. Even in statistically advanccd countries, this is seldom or ncver the caue. I n South- East Asia tho following quotation from the "Annual Epidemiologicul and Vital Statistics 1953" is especially pertinent:

"In spite of tho fact that not,ification is compulsory, the figures covering communicablc- disease notifirationx represt.nt only a variable, and somet,imcs very small, fraction of the actual number of cases. The reasons for this varia- bility arc many and complex: tho dcgrce of health education and social development of the population, geographical and economic conditions, the number of available physicians, thc accessi- bility of medical centren, the nature of the disease in question, the time of year, the exister~ce or absence of thc concept of an "cpidomic", are all factors which play a greater or lesser part. Therefore, in order to avoid false comparison be- tweeli one country and allother and between ano disease and another, no calculation of morbidixy rates has bcen made".

In spite of the latter caution, rates have becn calculated for both cases and dcaths. The justi- ficatinn is that, pravided due attentiun is paid to inaccuracy and lack of coniparahility, rates can he used as a qualitative indication of high or low incidence, of the relative importance of the diseases in different localities, and of trends over a number of yearn. An additional purpose may be served, in that where the rates appcar t s contradict local kliowledgo and

medical experience, thc need for inquiry is indicated. For example, the extremely high cholera incidence in the former Frerlch settlements in India obviously demands investigation. Lack of comparability and incompleteness of reporting apply with even greater force to the other communicable diseases, and supply the reason for their exclusion from the tables. Rates based on very few events are subject to large variations due to chancc. Hence, as in the statistical tables uf the Registrar General, England and Wales, rates bascd on less than 20 events have been crtclosed in brackets. This is a rule-of-thumb method of indicating that yearly fluctuations in tho enclosed rates may be of 110 epidemiological interest.

India is a sub-contincut, and tho incidcnce of the quarantinable disoases varics fiom state to state very appreciably. Hence seperate figures for the statcs of India are given. Here again, as a rule, only qualitative comparison between states will be valid. The Direetor-Gencral of Health Services, India, has publislled data ouly in respcct of a selected number of states of the Indian Union. Thcse are: Ajmer, Arvlhra, Assnm, Bihar, Bombay, Coorg, Delhi, Madhya Pradcsh, Madras, Orissa, I'unjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. I n the tables, all a~ailable figures for states of India have been given to secure greater completeness and also because, as there is cvidence of high ineidenco of some diseascs in states other than those iucludcd in the officii~l t~~bles, their exclusion would lead to an erroneous view of the geographical distribution I t may be uotcd that the all-India rates for 1948-1960, based on figures for all statcs and the estimated mid-year population for the country as a whole, arc fairly close to the national rabcs based on data for a limited number of states.

Preparation of the tables on quarantinable discases presented difficultiesdue to the multiplicity of sources, all naturally differing from each other. The principal international source is tho series of WHO Epidemiolo- gical and Vital Statistics Annual Reports. The most recent volume, published in 1956, gives data up .to 1953. Supplementing this series, WHO publishes monthly Bulletins from time to t,imc sit,h retrospective tahlcs, sometimes apparelilly of a later date than tho most recent Annual Report. Other monthly bulletins and the weekly returns havc been dis- regarded. The figure8 are often stated to be preliminary or provisional, and un the whole the numbers are co~isidcrably lcvs than thosc givcn in the Annual

Report or retrospective tables. Further, for nome however, account for the fact that this eeerns to couutries, separately published national data exist. happen only in Madras, uzhereas sonie process operat. For countries other than India, with 8. very few ing in the reverse direction occurs elsewhere. Since exceptions, there are only trivial differences between the discrepancy cannot he satisfactorily accounted for, the various souroes; for Jndia, however, there are big cholera deaths for Madras Statein the tables have been discrepancies. based on annual death returns, as for the other

states. In deciding which source to use for India, two

assumptions have been made. First,, i t in assumed t,hat, for any particular gear, the nlost recelrtly published data are likely to be the more correct. This assumptio~l is supported by the fact that, where

differences occur, the earlier figure is usually stated to be provisional. A more dubious assumption is that under-reporting is nlore probable than over- reporting due to mistaken diagnosis. One difficulty

with respcct to lndiandeat,hs lics in ihe interpretation of the ilymbols ill the WHO Anr~uala. Two kiuds of dcath figures are shoa-11, oncsymbol designat- ing "deaths registered by the Central Statistical Orgaliizatiou on the basis of dcath certificates", tllc other indicatirlg deaths repc~rtcd directly to tho health auth<>ritics. The first category perhaps is not

strictly npplical~lc to Asian conditions, but the rcal distinctio~l appears to he bctn.cc~l cauneii of dcat 'h~ reported to the health authorities nnd those entered on the death registration forms. It is clear, from states

report^ which give both sets of figures, that Indian deaths are obtained from death registration parti- culars. Thc nat,ional and i~~ternntional figures therefore conle from tho same source, a ~ i d the larger nun~ljer in the natioual tablcs ~uol~ably rcprcsc~lt delayed returns. The national tables, however, only cover states in the registration arca. 111 the light of these

considerations, the plan adopted has been to use the national figures, suppleinented kir the rnissir~g states by figures frum the WHO Aunual or retrospective tables, rshichever is the nrorc rcccnt.

The foregoing discussion by no means exhausts the difficulties encountered in the preparation of the epidemiological tables. It was aaid earlier that the weekly aitd monthly WHO reports give preliminary figures usually much lower than those published later. An crccptio~i is found in tho cholera deaths for Madras State. For the years lDfO-l953, the c~lidcnlio- logical report8 give a figure which is 36 thousand more than any found in later annual sources derived from death returiis. The explanation proferred in the Madras State Health Report is that mild cases were recordcd as diarrhoea i,y the village headman whcn preparing dcath returns. The hypothesis does not,

In WHO sources, Indonesian figures for smallpox and plagoe for the years 1950 - 1952 are said to apply to Java and Madura only. However, ret,ums by provinces received from the Government of Indonesia for the years 1961-1954 make it clear that the figures

should apply to Indonesia as a ~vhole. The returns specifically st,ate that there were no oa~es of plague out,side Java and Madura. On the other hand, a

majority of the smal lpx cmes and deatlis were reported fro111 other provinces, particularly Kali- mantan and Sulanesi. No doubt there were districts t'hat failed to report, but this could be said of m o ~ t

countriev in the Region. The rates fur Indonesia have therefore 11een calculated on tho basis of the 11o11ulation estimates of Table 1 for the whole cour~t,ry. No rates aro shown for Burma. While no information is available aLout coverage, the fact that vital statistics rctunis were obtained from certain towiis only (luring these years suggest's that possibly epidemiological returns may likewise be very incomplete.

Intcrnatio~ial tatil<%s for typhus nmd other rickettsia1 ~liarasrs titate t'lint the figures relate chiefly to li~use-borne c~~idenlic typhus. The footnotes t,o Table 14 show that nearly all the regional data, refer to "typhus unspecified" or include other rickettsia1 diseases; thus epidemic typhus may in fact be rluito rare.

Statistics of Health Personnel and Facilities

Tables 20 and 21 have been reproduced from a, WHO dt~curneut based on answers to a questionnaire addressed to ndional governmen*. The figures lack comparability for a variety of reasons: there are no generally accepted dcfi~litiuns and categories for the description and classificati~,n of thistypeofillfornation; qualifications of medical personnel and adequacy of facilities can vary greatly; indigenous systems of medicine are not included ; the well-known concentra- ti011 of pcrso~rnel in urban areas leads to much under- estimation of act,ual scarcit,ies over the greater part of tho countries concerned, and personnel figures may

I elso include retired or non-practicing doctora and nurses. Hence, without further analysis, such mtioe cls doctor/population can serve only to give a general idea of the shortage. The pmblem of standardiza- tion of terms ia one to which the Regional Office hopes to make some contribution.

Explanation of Symbols Category not applicable Data not available ... Magnitude nil (or negligible) (in epidemiological tables, -

nothing reported) Provisional figure 8

Acknowledgements We wish to expmm our grateful acknowledgements

to the Government of India for the permimion acoorded to reproduce material fmm its Census Reporte and from the Annual Reports and Statistical Appendices of the Director-General of Health 6ervicea. The Government of India bss also made available to us certain unpublished data pertaining to vital statistics and quarantinable diseases for more recent years. Material has been reproduced from the United Nations Demographic Year Book and the epidemiological and vital statistics publications of the World Health Organizl~tion. References to the sources have been indicated on the individual tablea. Our thanks are also due to the Office of Population Research, Princeton, for permission to quote from one of its stndie~.

TABLE 1. POPULATION, AREA AND DENSITY - COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

Sources: United Natiouv Demographic Year Book, 1953, 1954, 1955, Tables 1,2 ,3; Sikkim, Census of India, 1951

- Footnotes:

Populntion estimetns have been evaluated in the Demographic Year Bonk according to the adecluacy of the beso data and the types of time adjustment. Of the estimates shoari in the abox-c tablr, only those for Ceylon osn be considered ~r at B high level of reliability. Due to lack of a recent Census in Afghanistan, Bhutan end Indonesia, estimates far there countries must be regarded at a low level of reliability. The Sfghsnistan and Bhutan estimates sro eonjeotunrl. not based on counting; no method of time adjustment. base figure being held constant.

t I'opuJor~on p r aq. km. of area in relation to 1954, or latart bvhil&bI~ year. (8 ) Ullofficial estimate. (b) l'opulnlicn cscludee nan-resident military and shipping personnel (numbering 35,606 in 1946). (c) Provisional.

((1) Crrnpl.ising Keriknl, l\lahC, Pardiehiry and Tanaon. As of 1 Xor. 1954, the administration of these four settlements was transferred to India.

(e) Census of non-indigenous populstion held on 29 Nov. 1951 gave a toal of 1,435. if) Including Sikkim, Andaman, Sicobar and Laceadive Islands. Also inoluding K-hmir-Jemmu, the political status of which is not yet deter-

mined (area 240,291 kmZ ; population estimated a t 4.41 millions s t 1 Mareh, 1961). and beginning 1961, Chsndernsgore transferred from French India in 1960. Excluding Mabe, Karikal, Pondioheky and Yanaon which became part of India, 1 November 1954, (population estimated s t 313,000 in 1952).

(g) The ceosus figure excludes Kashmir-Jammu snd the tribal areas of Aasam (population of the latter locally estimated at 560,600 persons). De-jurr population.

(h) Hevi~od to accord with the results of the 1951 census. Excludes Chendemagore.

(i) Census in some p r t s was carried out in 1962, in the rest of the country i n 1964.

(j) Figures are census counts, and refer to the date of enumeration.

(k) Comprising Damao, Din and Goa.

(I) Alao included in tho Census figures for India.

Country

-. ......

AFGHANISTAX . . . . BHUTAN .. . . . . BURMA . . . . . . CEYLOS (b) FORMER FRE~\TH ISDIA id) INDIA if; . . . . . .

Registration Ama . . . . INDOXESIA . . . . . . \IALDITE ISLASDS . . . . XEPAL . . POI<TUGUESE'~SDI .~C~) . . SIKKIJI 11) . . . . . . TH.%II.ISD . . . . . .

. .

Area (km2 )

----pp

650,000 (a) 50,000 (a)

677,960 65,610

501 3,288,375

1,49i;564 298

140,000 3,983 7,107

514,000

Densityt

18 6

28 128 645 115 ... 54

295 60

161 ... 39

Latest Censu~

Date Population ...

5.11i.1941 16,813:798 20.111.1953 5,09S,637(0)

1,111,1941 285,011(0) 1.111.1951 356,879,394(g)

7.~:1930 60,11~,962 1Y.III.1946 82,068

28.V.1964 8,431,637(i) 15.XII.1960 637,591

I.III.1961 137,713 23.V.1947 li,442,689

EstimatesD of midyear population (thousends)

1950 I 1951 1962 1953 1954 ~ ~ --p~ ~- p~~ ~p~-

! ... ... 12,000 ... ... ... ... 300(a) ...

18.489 18,674 18,859 19,043 19.24.2 ,,.344 7,742 i.940 8,155 8,385 ? -

327 323 1 358,(100(h) 356,8791j) 367,000 371,000 377,000 26l),SYi 273,688 282,664 ... ...

75,500 77,400 78,700 79,9UO 81,100 83 85 86 87 88(n)

... ... ... ... 8,433(j) G3i 639 640 641 643

... ... ... 18,488 18.~37 1~,'193 19,636 19,915

i

POPULATION BY 5-YEAR AGE GROUPS AND SEX - COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Latest consun figures or poat-oensal estirnaten)

Sources: U . K . Demographic Year Bock 1955, Table 10, 1954, Table 3; WHO Annual Epidemiologioal and Vital Statistics, 1963, Table 3

-

Footnotes: (a) Raaaon for alight disorrpancy ho~wnon this and corresponding figure shown elsewhere not asoertnirrod

20-24 . . . . . . . . . . 26-29 . . . . . . . . . . 30-34 . . . . . . . . . . 36-39 . . . . . . . . . . 4 W 4 . . . . . . . . . . 46-49 . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 6 9 . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 . . . . . . . . . . 66-69 . . . , . . . . . 10-74 . . . . . . . . . .

BURMA CEYLON ~

Age in years Eatirnate - 1961 Eatimn1.n - 30. VI. 1953 __ Both sexes Male Female Both arxor I Male Female

~ ~ , - ~ ~ - - All ages . . . . . . . . . . I8,597,379(e)! 9,497,932 9 ,099 ,447 8,155,000 4 ,295 ,000 , 3,860,000

Under 1 year . . . . . . . . 501,857 244,286 257,571 197,000 1 ULOOO 98,000 1-4 . . . . . . . . . . 859,000 433,000 426,000 6-9 . . . . . . . . . . 996,000 601,000 404,000

10-14 . . . . . . . . . . 987.000 5U4,OOO 483,000 16-19 . . . . . . . . . . 1,793,646

1,804,096 1,639,282 1,464,381 1,111,812

976,700

747,235 664.872 603,429 418,238 230,374

V54,OOO 443,000 891,000

I 7 6 7 9 . . . . . . . . 80-84 . . . . . . . . . . 296.721 , !10,315 1 166,408

86 & over . . . . . . . . . . Unknown . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 1 -

891,282 j 813,414 864,377 774,906 793,626 670,865 605.407 / 606,406

1 622,107 453,653

391,793 366,448 336,624 319,248

76,000 41,000 I

48,000

I

787,000 i s o

266,922 216,096 116.082

35,000

44.000

-

988,000

246,607 202,243 114.292

708,000 374,000 334,000 551,000 300.U00 251,000 573,000 395,000 2'22,000

391,000 223,000 168,000 240,000 127,000 113,000

86,000 160,000 ' 87.000 114,000 1 U3.000

I

73,000 61,000

TABLE 2. POPULATION BY 5-YEAR AGE GROUPS AND SEX - COUNTRlES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (contd.)

(Latest census figures or ~mst.censa1 estimntes)

Footnotes:

(b) Excluding Kashrnir-Jammu and the tribal arem of Asearn where the census could not be taken, Andaman and Nicobar Ielande. end settlements of Chsndernsgore, Ksriksl, Mahe, Pondichery and Yanaon. Repredents Dc jurc population

Dab area smwthed age distribution based on a 10 per cent sample,

32,036,300

INDIA (b) MALDIVE ISLANDS THAILAND - Census - I. 111. 1951 Estimate - 30. VI. 1953.

- Both sexas Fomals Both sexes 1 Male ! Female

-. --

82,008 44.308 37,760 19,201,000 1 9,582,300 ' 9,679,300

11,560,100 6,863,200 1 6.686.900 2.299 678,000 337,400 330,200 38,087,400 18,077,700 18sO09s700 6.192 2,693 2.699 2,098,700 i1.062,300 11,047,400 46,613.000 23,102,000 1 22,360,400 11,878 6,970 6,908 2,744,600 1,387,800 , 1,367,000 40,460,300 20,899.300 19,661.000 11,800 0.332 6,328 2,618,600 1,318,800 l,P99,900 36,876,000 18,463,100 17,422.900

16,269,300 1 15,767,000

9,612

9,613 28,938,900 14,162,400 26,V23,300 1 :::%36:!:: 1 12.420.000 22,388,500 11,802,000 10,586,600 19.045.600 1 10,119,100 1 8,926,400

6,428 7,903 3,888 6.067

2,473 2.861 1,310 1,799

616

341 90 62 63

122

6,294 4.218

16,966,200 12,897,000 10,026.800 7,403,800 4,918,800

7,807,800

-

4.683

2,276,100 1,127,200 1,147,900

2,809 4,314 2,251 2.973

8,466,600 7,488,700 0,780,900 j 6.116.100 6,179,100 4,847,700

6.030

3,740.800 2,442.100

3,861,200

-

2,019 3,689 1,037 2,094

3.663,000 2.476.700

4,016,800

1.627 948 1.708 1 1,143

868 448 1,062 737

364 161

1,681,600 815.100 1 876,500 1,328,700 1,235,700

638,900 086,900 018,900 010.800

797,100 ' 395,200 8 401.900

1,115,300 668,800 ' 546.600 939,200 1 473.100 486,100

569,300 423.400 272,100 211,600

281,900 i 287,400 210,000 ' 206,800 128,000 I 143,600 103,100 1 108,600

61,000 1 71,000

68,000 1 79,000

231 110

122 1 - 1 1 - 1 -

132,100 05 41 137,000 39 14

TABLE 3. POPULATION URBAN AND RURAL BY SEX - COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Latast Ceusus)

Sources: U. N. Demographic Year Book 1965, Table 7 ; Census of India 1961, Vol. I

Footnotes: (a) Excluding non-resident military snd shipping personnel numbring 36,606.

(b) Eroluding settlements of Knriksl, MahkPandiohiry and Vanson, which became part of India in November 1964, and Kashmir-Jemmu end the tribal m a s o f Aassm, where the censusoouldnot be taken. Represent8 De jura population.

C0ll"try

CEYLON (a) . . . . . .

INDIA (b) . . . . . .

MALDIVE ISLANDS.. .. TEAILAiYD . . .

Yew and date

19.III.1948

l.III.1951

I9.III.1946 i$.V.l947

Both Sexes Males .

667.339

366,879,394

82,068 1 7 , 4 4 8 9

3,632,218

183,333,814

44,308 8,722,156

- 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

16.4

17.3

' 1,023,042

61,875,123

I

I 73,837 89.7

il,il.,lli 1 9 0 1 100.0 0 0 .

6,834,297 1 81.6

' i I i i I

8,431 10.3 734,7fi7 ) S.9

295,004,271 82.7

TABLE 3. POPULATION URBAN AND RURAL BY SEX- COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA(contd.)

(Latest Census)

-~ - - - - p~ - - - - -

Moles Females Definition of urban

amas

Municiplities. Urban Council area8 & lacsl

1 I Board area*. 144,913,145 1 83 .5 Municipditiee & towns.

i.e. ulaoes u-uallv of 5.000 or i o r e inhsbit,&te, pbs- seaaing definite urhan ohnraotaridtica. Places with largest population ! 1 which do not uoasevs the urban charae~erisl,irs *re not troated as towns. Towns wit,h B population 1 I of 1 W,OoO and over are

i I called cities. 9 . I I 34,146 90.4 Male. the capital. 0 . G 7.881.073 1 90 .4 Plseos inhabited bv I ' ' / 1 2,500 persons or mbre

TABLE 4. LIVE BIRTHS AND CRUDE BIRTH RATES - COUNTRIESo OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Data believed to be incomplete are printed in italics. Rates are the number of live births per 1,000 population)

Sources: Demographic Tear Book 1955, Table 19; U. N. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, December 1955; data supplied by Department of Eealth Services, 311nistry of Public Health, Government of Thailand

1960 1931 1952 1934 Country Code (a) ---

Surnber Rate Number 1 Rate Number Rate Number Rate

-- RURXA (b) ... 60,526 46.1 64,362 CEYLON (e ) (d) . . . . . . 30i;eaj 40.4 313,662 40.5 313,534 39.5 INDIA (e) (f) . . . . 6,728,423 21.9 6,821,505 24.9 ...

2,781 32.8 2,694 ~ 31.5 ... 28.4(6) DIALDIVE I S L ~ D S (h) . . . . ... ::: ~ ... PORTUGUESE IXDIA (i) . . . . U 19,029 29.9 19,642 30.8 17,598 21.4 THAILAND (o) . . . . . . ... 5'25,080 1 28.4 532,741 !, 29.3 680,98l(i) 34.2

', I - Footnotes - Tables 4 and 5:

For countries omitted from the table, no figures are aveilablc far the years shown.

(a) Data ~ t e t e d to he aSected by irregularities in registration or incomplete coverage are coded "U". Data stated to be complete or virtually complete are coded "c". (b) Certain towns only, numbering 60 in 1951 and 1053, and 62 in 19.32, and having s popsllation of approximately 1 . 3 million.

( e ) D s t s known to be by yesr of registration rather than by year of occurrence.

(d) According t o test of birth registration, 89 per cent complete in 1953.

( e ) Data pertain to mgiatration area of Republic of India, not ineluding Franoh India, which hecsme a part of India 1 Nov. 1954.

( f ) The following estimstes of tho true birth rate have been made:-

1. A Census Report estimates the birth rate for 1941.50 t o be 40, as compared with n registered birth rate of 27.5 (Censusof India 1951 . Vol. I par t 1.A & 1.6).

2. Office of Population Research, Princeton, gives two estirnatesof the birth retc lor 1951, 46.5 and 1 2 . 2 , the two entimates being deilved under different assumptions and by different methods. (Working p e p r B.14 of 13.9.1955. Seminar a n Population in Asia and the Far Esst, Bsndung.) Estimated crude death ratas: 1941 - 50, 27 per 1.000; 1951. low 30.7, high 35.0. (Preliminary astimatas).

( E ) Provisional. U.S. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, December 1956. (h) Deta inelude stillb'irtha. Xo informstion available regarding coverage of data.

i i ) Registration not compulsory: believed to be complete for the non-indigenous population only. which represents e relatively smell proportion of the total.

( j ) Data supplied by Department of Health Services, Ministry of Publio Healtit.

TABLE 5. DEATHS AND CRUDE DEATH RATES - COUNTRIESQ O F SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(1)ata believed to be inron~plrte are printed in italics. Rates are the numher of deaths per 1,000 population)

Sources: Den~opraphic Pear Book, 1955, Talllr 25; V. E. JIontNy Bulletin of Statistics, December, 1035; data supplird by Department of Health Services. XIini-try of Public Health. Gorernnlent of Thailand

-a 1950

Country Code (a) Surnber ' Rate

- - - ~ ~ . ~-

BURMA (b) . . . . . . . . U 46,55$ 34.2 CEYLOK ( c ) (d) . . . . . . c 8i;794 10.4 ISDIA(e ) ( f ) . . . . U . . . 1 3 . W MALDIVE ISLANDS ( h ) . . ... . . . . . . . . . PORTUGUESE ISDIA ( i ) . . . . 10,570 16 .5 10,365 16.'2 THAILAXD ( c ) . . . . . . . . .

Foomotes: See Table 4.

TABLE 6. INFANT DEATHS AND INFANT MORTALITY RATES - COUNTRIES" OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Data believed to be incomplete are printed in italics. Rates are the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. Data exclude stillbirths)

Sources: Demographic Pear Book, 1935, Table 28; U. X. Jlonthly Bulletin of Statistics, October, 1955; data supplied by Department of Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Government of Thailand

Footnotes: For countries omitted from the table, no figures are svailable for tbe years shown.

(a) Dats stated to be affected by irregularities or incomplete coverage are coded "U". Data s t ~ t e d to be complete or virtually complete are ooded "c". (b) Certain t o m s only, numbering 69 in 1951, and 62 in 1952. and having a population of approximately 1 . 3 million. ( c ) Dats known to be by year of registration rather then by year of aooumnce.

(d) Dats refer t o registration area of Republie of India, not including French India wbieh beeame a part of India. 1 Nov. 1954. ( e ) Estimates of infant mortality rates:

Offlce of Population Research Princeton. Hleh Low Densus of lndla. Paper No. 2. (Prelimina~ estimates)

country .

BURMA (b) . . . . . . . . CEYLON (o) . . . . . . . . INDIA (d) (e) .. .. .. THAILAND (e) . . . . . .

1951 AInlrs 290 210 1941-50 Males I Females 260 190 Fsmelea (See footnote to Tsblea 4 & 3)

If) Figures supplied by the Government of Tlrailand.

Cbde (a)

U C 24,849 U 855,261 ' 127.1 ... 32,742 62.4

~~~b~~ lg6:1 N - ~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ -- b t e

Registered

139

15,298 25,704

848,689

252.8 15,397 81.9 24,583

124.4 816,209

239.2 15,123 230.5 78.4 22,869 : 71.2 z i , a s ~ , 7 i : o

116.3 36,1M)(f)l 65.3(f) 36,034(f) 62.8(f) 39,'397 . 64:9 aii'ia3(f)l aj:b(f)

TABLE 7. EXPECTATION OF LIFE AT BIRTH - CEYLON. INDIA, THAILAND

(Average number of yearn of life if those h r ~ i are 8ubject to the mortality wnditior~s of the period specified)

Sources: U.N. Demographic Year Book 1953, Tabla I'J, 1954, Table 38, 1955, Table 32

Footnotes: (a) Pre.psrtition Indie, including Bunna.

(b) Data rolate to an area with 294,749.M)O inhabitants a t tho Callsun in I0.51. V~Iues for ages under 5 and 60 endorer sm estimatad.

Males Female8 ( c ) Estim*tBs of tho orpctatiou of life at birtll ero : Cenaua of Indis. P a p r No. 2 Upper 33.67 32.86

1041.1060. Lower 20.87 20.82 Office of Populetion Fbsesrch 1951 Upper 81.2 32.7 (Pmliminsry eetimates) Lower 28.0 29.0

id) Statistical b a t s indicate that the proportion aurvivingfrom birth to 6 yeam is subatantially tw high (Stohit., "A Century of International Mortality Trends". I, Populat,ion Studies. IX, 1. July 1965).

Country

- - CEYLON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . THAILAWD

0

Po Period

- - - -- 1020-1922 1946-1047

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 I951 1952

18Ul-1 DO1 (n) l90l-1911 (a) IYZI--1931 (a) 194l-195V ( b ) ( o )

1047-1918 (d)

- Male 1 Female

32.7.' 30.67 48.7!) 1 44.72 43.9 I 41.6 62.66 51.02 54.88 53.26 86.07 64.79 66.36 ' 64.83 56.09 53.98 57.6 66.5

23.63 I

23.911 22.69 23.31 26.91 26.56 32.46 I 31.66

48.7 51.Y

TABLE 8. EXPECTATION OF LIFE AT BIRTH - INDIA BY ZONES 1941-1950

(Averago number of yeara of life if those horn arc subject to tho mortality conditions of the period specified)

Source: Consus of India, Paper No. 2, 1954

Footnotes: (a) Excluding West Bcngal.

(b) Fuotr~oto sa Tablu 7 (base pop.), excluding North-Wont India

Zone

CENTRAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EAST (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NORTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALL INDIA (b)

TABLE 9. POPULATION, AREA AND CRUDE BIRTH RATES - FOUR STATES O F INDIA

6. - Malo ??ema\o

26.55 26.08 28.16 ! 27.41 31.33 30.93 34.00 ' 34.36 36.22 i 37.23

32 .45 i 31.66

(In the four States shown in the table, vital regivtri~tion is relatively more complete than elseuhere in India)

Sources: Census of India 1951; 1960.1952, Statistical Appendices to Annual lteport of tho Director General of Health Services; 1953, 1954, State Public Health Reports

Footnotes: (a) Stato Public Hoeltll Report birth ratos; 19ii0.33.5; 1951, 33.5; oalculatod on the populr~lior~ txeluding merged states.

(b) Including Andhra, whioh boeanle a aopnrate lYLate in October, 1953.

(c) State Public Hoalth Roport birth rater, corroctod for non.meoipt of rnt,urns: 1960, 31 .?; 1951, 28.8. Id) StatePublio Hcaltl~ Report birth ratas: 1960, 32.8; 1951. 39.9.

State

BOMBAY . . . . . . MADHYA PHADESH . . . . MADKAS(b). . . . . . . . PUNJAB . . . . . . . .

Population Cerlaus 1961

~

35,966,150 21,247,633 57,016,002 12,641,205

Aroa (aq. tnilos)

-~

111,434 130.272 127,790 37,378

Population Kegistratiurl

area 1961

30,886,616 18,131,647 56,781,7(i3 12,865,798

Crude birth rate (livo b i r t h per 1,000 population)

1954

32.8 ... ... ...

----

lY50 I 19.51 , 19F2 1 1863

33.3 ... ... ...

31.0 1 34.0 33.3 28.6(a) 28.5(a) 29.7(0) 27.6(e) 38.I(d) 30.7(d)

25.6 29.3 41.0

TABLE 10. CRUDE DEATH RATES AND INFANT MORTALITY RATES - FOUR STATES OF INDIA

(In the four States shown in the table, vi td registration is relatively more complete than elsewhere in India)

Sources: Death rates 1950-62, infant rnortalit,~ rates, 1950, Statistical Appendices to Annual Report of the D.G.H.S.; remaining years, State Health Reports

Footnotes: (a) State Public Hraltll Reports ([mpulatiur~ leas mergad atatea): 1960, 2.i.8; 1961, 24.8. (b) State Public Health Reports, corrected for non-rccoipt of returna: 1950, 19.9; 1951, 16.8. lo) Ststo Public Health Reports: 1050, 18.4; 1951, 16.6.

State

~- ~~- ~ ~-

BOWBAY . . . . . MADRAS . . . . . . . . PUNJAB . . . . . . . .

Crude death rsbe (death8 per 1,000 Infant mortality rate (deaths of infsnta population) under 1 year per 1,000 live b i r t h ) -_-_ -- - - __--

1950 I 1051 / 1952 ~~~~

... ... ... 18.9(b) 16.2(b) 15.7 , ... ... ... ... 215(c ) 16 .51~) 17.1 ; ... ...

I ... ...

TABLE 11. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM CHOLERA WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION-COUNTRIES0 OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Brackets indicate rates based on less than 20 events)

Sources: W.H.O. Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics, 1948-1952: D. G . H. S. India, Statistical Appendices; Parliamentary Statement, Ministry of Health, India, 1955; W.H.O. Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Report No. 2 of 1956

Number

1948 Country -- -

N

BURMA . . . . . . AFGHAXISTAN .. .. CEYLON . . . . . . FORMER FRENCH INDIA(Cj . . . . . . ... 169,427 INDONESIA .. . . PORTUGUESE INDIA . . THAILAND .. .. .. 33

Footnotea : 0 No reports of quarantinable discasas appear to have been neeived fmm count+ not included in the table, nor in India fmm Bilaspnr. Kdeh, Andamsn Islands.

TABLE 11. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM CHOLERA WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION -COUNTRIESo OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (contd.)

(Brackets indicate rates baaed on less than 20 events)

Rate

Footnotes:

(a) Deaths registered by the Central Statistics1 Services on the b i s of death certificate.

(b) I n rslculating rates, the population 01 Former Frrneh India has been estimated a t 325,000 throughout. ( e ) Ree~stered deal hs.

1954; ->-

&sea i Deaths I - -

- ... - , -

16.92 7.09 ... I ..' - , , - - i - - 8 -

I

1950 1951 1952 1953 - 1- - Cases / Deaths Cases I Deaths Cases ; Desths Caeea Deaths

_ _ I -_ I 1- - -

! - 1 - - 1 - - , - - , - ... ... ... ... ... , ... I ... , I 1

- - - - (0.23) (d:i7) - i ! -

i 18.46 218.46 ; 80.31 ... ... ... 28.28 13.56 , 33.53 - , - 6.86 . (2.50)

- I - i -

1949 .- 8 - - -

Cases , Deaths -

- - ...

(0.03) , (0.03)

94.77 ! 44.31 ... 22.07 - i - - ' -

(0.05) (O.Ol>(a)

Country

. . . . . . _ AFGHANISTLY . . . . BURMA . . . . . . CEYLON . . . . . . FORMER FRENCH INDIA(b) lNDIA(o) . . . . . . INDONESIA . . . . PORTUGUESEINDIA .. THAILAND .. . . ..

1944 ,-

Cams ' Deaths __ _~ - - ... , ... - -

326.77 liR.40 ... 49.52 - , - 8.01 726 0.19 (0.0S)lal

1'ABLE 12. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM PLAGUE WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION -COUNTRIESo OF. SOUTH-EAST ASIA-

(Brackfts indicate rates based on less than 20 events)

Sources: W.H.O. Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics, 1948-195-1; D.G.H.8. India, Statistical Appendices; Parliamentan. Statement, Ministrj- of Health, India, 1955; W.H.O. Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Reports, No. 1 of 1955 and No. i of 1956

Number

1951 1 Country

- - -1

AFGEANISTAN . . .. - ' - - , - - 8 - BCRhlA . . . . . . 1,808 1,323 810 1 650 092 1,013 61fi CEYLON . . - , - I - FORMER F R E ~ C H I ~ D I A . . - - - , - - I

IIVDI.* (a) . . . . . . ... 24,031 ... 2 1 , 0 1 3 ... ... 1,451 . . j ... INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,620 366 : ecn

- . . ! ... PORTUGUESE I S D I ~ . . - I - t - , - 1 - , - THAILAND .. . . .. 129 36ib l i 6 11hl 9 ; , -

Footnotes: " KO reports of quernntinable diseases appear to have beer, received from countries not included in the table, nor in India from Uilsspur, Hutoh, Andaman Islands. * Provisions1 data.

TABLE 12. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM PLAGUE WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION - COUNTRIESa OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (mntd.)


Rate

1948 1949 1 1950 1961 1953 1954: Country

Cases , Deaths Cases Deaths Cases ~ - --- ~ - - . - -----

AFGHAKISTAS .. .. - - - - BURMA . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . . . . . ... ... ! _.. ... . . . ... . . . CEYLON . . - - - - - - - I - FORMER FRESH I ~ D I A . . - - - - - - - I - INDIA (a) . . . . . . ... 7.0.2 . . . 6.0s ... ! 5.20 1 4.18 ... 1.07 0.39 ... ... INDONESIA .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.51 3.iG 3.00 2.67 ' 1.49 0.46 0.33 ... ... PORTUGUESE ISDIA . . - - - - - , - THAILAND .. . . .. 0.69 , O.1Ulbi 0.97 u.36!h) 0.31

Footnotes: (a) Registered deaths.

(b) Registered by the Central Statistical Sewioes an tlrc hssis rtf death certificates.

TABLE 13. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM SMALLPOX WITH RATES PER 100.000 POPULATION - COUNTRIES" OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA


Sources: W.H.O. Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics, 1948-1953; D.G.H.S., India, Statistical Appendices; Parliamentary Shtement, Ministry of Health, India, 1955; W.H.O. Epidemiolcgical and Vital Statistics Rrport No. 2 of 1956

Number ~-

1948 1949 Country -- - - - - - - -

0. Cases Dosths Casos Deaths - ~ ~- ~ - - ~ ~. - ~- - -- -- ~~ ~~~~ .- -

AFGHAhTST.4X . . . . 303 . . . 612. B U R 1 9 . . . . . . 6,903 l,b:53 3,485 - CEYLOX . . . . . . 8 Y 1 4 48

FOR3IER FRENCH INDIA 4 3 6 32 17 26 14 INDIA ( e ) . . . . .. ... 42,443 ... INDONESIA .. . . . . . PORTUGUESE IXDIA' . . 364 167 408 33 THAII.AND . . . . . . 614 5 8 n j 107 16isl 348 34 1

Footnotes: Iio reports of quarantinable diseases appear to hare heon receive3 fmm countries not included in the table, nor in India froro Bilaspur, Kutch, Andsman Islauds. Provisional or approximate data.

TABLE 13. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM SMALLPOX WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION - COUNTRIES" OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (anntd.)


Rate

195' I 1: 1 1954* -- C-s a Deaths Cases I Dastb

194% 194s 1950 19.51 Country - --

Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths . - . -. - - - - - -- - AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10' ... BURMA .. .. .. . . . ... CEYLON (o.oS) (0.01lcai

236.00 ' 164.31 . . ... 25.47

2.57 6 9 . i ~ I 9.25 8.32 O.Z?(al

-- .~~ -

10.82* ... . . . ...

4.44 0.62

964.82 5 8 6 . ? 3 46.49

1 3 0 ; ~ ~ 23.96 40.69* 9.70

0.18 (0.Ol)ja

roomotes :

(s) Registered by the Central Statistical Services on the basis of death rrrtiliostes. (h) In-patients. ( c ) Registared deaths.

(d) Of whioh variola m i o r only. -33, D-18.

( 0 ) Of which variola major only. C 4 , D 4 .

TABLE 14. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM TYPHUS AND OTHER RICKETTSIAI, DISEASES WlTH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION-COUNTRIES* OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Figures generally refer to louse-borne typhus; other t-s of rickettsia1 disease are indicated in foctnotea (a), (d), (e), (i), & (j). Brackets indicate rates based on less than 20 ere-ents)

Sources : W.H.O. Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics, 1948-1953; WHO Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Reports 1950,1951,1952, 1965; Annual Re* D.G.H.S., India, 1947.1948

Number

1948 1054* %.,*try ----

-- AFGHANISTAX . . . . ...

1 BURMA (b) ( o ) (dl . . . . ... CEYLON (el .. .. . . ... BORMERFRENCH IBDL* .. - I - ImIIA(b) . . . . . . . . . Q i l ... . . . ... ... ... ... . ... INDOXESIA . . .. - , - PCJRTUG~~ESEIND~.~' (~) . . 1.5 j - 77 , 1 $4: 1 -- 30 3 _ ! _ - , - THAILAVD .. .. .. - ', - - i _ I(i) - ...

POotuoteS: No reports of qnsrantinable disesses sppesr to have been reoe~rad from coun%riwe not included in the table, nor tn India from Biiaspur, Kuteh, A n d m Islands.

* Pro~~kiosionsl or nppmaimste dsta. (a) Murine Typhus.

16) Coznpulmq not&atjon in certsin area only.

(0) Dcatbs reginbred in tow only. (dl Typhus bver, typs not apeeified.

TABLE 14. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM TYPHUS AND OTHER RICXETTSIAL DISEASES WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION - COUNTRIES" OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (contd.)

(Figures generally refer to lousc-borne typhi~s; other types of rickettsia1 disease are indicated in footnote3 (a), (d), (e) (i) and ( j ) . Brackets indicate rates based on 1e.s than 20 even&)

Rate

1951 Country

.- -- - AFGHANISTAN . . . . ... 2.97* ... BURMA(b)[0)(d) . . . . ... ... ... ... ... CEYLON(o) . . .. .. ... FORXER FREKCH INDIA . . - \ - Ih7D1A(b) . . .. .. ... 0 . 2 8 . . . I . . . INDONESIA . . . . . . - 1 - PORTUGUESE IXDIA(d) . . (2.37) 1 - + ' - TEAILAND . . . . .. - I - ... 1 O..Zi(f)(j) - -

I 1

Footnotes: (e) Iooluding other rioksttsial disessas.

(f) Registered by the Central Statistical Services on the besia of deeth oertifioetes. (g) In-patients.

(hl Out-patieeta of hoipitals and dispensaries. ( i ) Scrub typhus.

( j ) Other riekettaial d i m s than louse-borne typhus.

(k) Rates b a d on both in-patients and out-patients of hoepitala sad &pe-nes.

TABLE 15. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM RELAPSING FEVER WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION COUNTRIESe OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA


Sources: W.H.O. Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics, 1948-1953; 1V.H.O. Epidemiological ar.d Vital Statistics Report 1955

Number

Footnotes: ' No mports of qusrantinable disueea appear to have been receired from countries not included in the tablr, nor in India from Bilsapur, Kuteh, Andamsn Islands. * Provisional or approximate data.

(8) I.ouse-borne.

(b) Compulsory notification in certain areas odr.

Country

-

AFGH.4NISTAN* . . .. BURMA (h) . . . . .. CEYLOX (o) . . FORMER FRESCH 1 h 1 i INDIA (b) . . .. INDONESIA :ci ' .. PORTLTGUERE IXDIA' . . THAIIAXD ( c ) (f) . . . .

l94R lQ49 ---- -

-p--p-pp-p

- ... - ... - , - - - - , - - , - -. 4%) - - - - ... , 55 ... , 151 . . . 20 ... ... ... -. ._ ! -

I

TABLE 18. REPORTED CASES OF AND DEATHS FROM RELAPSING FEVER WITH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION COUNTRIESQ OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA fcontd.)


Rate

Footnotes: ( c ) Not subject to comp!llsory notiliestion. (d) In-patiente. (e) Tiek-borne. ( f ) Deaths +tared by the Cantral Statistics1 Gervioes on the basis of desth ~ertilioates.

Country

AFGHANISTAN* .. .. BURMA(b) . . . . . . CEYLON (c) . _ FORMER FRENCH INDIA . . INDIA (h) . . .. INDONESIA (c j ' . . PORTL~GUESE INDIA .. THAILAND (o)(f) . . . .

1854* -- Cases I Death. - -

0.19 ... - - - -

I - , - - , - - - - - ... -

1948 ,-

Caws ' Death~ .

- ' ... - - - 8 - - I - - I - - - - , - ... I 0.31

1949 1950 1961 1953 - -- -

Casea Desth. Deaths . ~-

- ... 1.15 . . . 0.76 (0.15) O.li(a! ... - - - - - - , - 0.261di - - - - - ~ . i . o s ( ~ ) - - - - - - , - - , - - -. - - ... 0.84 ... ... -

TABLE 16. REPORTED DEATHSo FROM CHOLERA - STATES OF INDIA

Sources: Statistical Appendices to the Annual Report of the Director General of Health Servicer, India, for 1050; tables filrniahed by the Government of India in answer to a parliamentary question; for States not covered by the above, the nources are WHO Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics for 1948-1953

State 1948 1949 1950 I961 1952 1963

- - - AJMER .. .. ANDHRA ;a') . . . . ASSAM . . . . . . BHOPAL . . . . . . BIHAR .. .. BILA~PUR ' . . .. BOMBAY .. . . . . COORG .. . . . . DELHl HIMACHAL'PRA~~ESH : : HYDERABAD . . . . JAMMU 61. KASHMIR . . KUTCH .. . . MADHYA BHARAT . . MADHYA PUADESH . . MADRAS . . . . . . MANIPUK.. . . . . MYRORE . . . . . .

.~ ~ . p~ , -- -- --

INDIA .. .. . . . ..I 1 6 W 7 16,366 101,230 48,311 I 80.129 ( 124,736

Footnotes: " Hogisterod deaths.

(a ) Ir~oluded in Xadras, 1948-1952.

(b) Preliminary figure, final ds t s which may be very different not yot svrtilable.

(c) Deaths reported by hoepitsb snd diepensarias. (d) In-patients.

TABLE 17. REPORTED DEATHS" FROM PLAGUE- STATES OF INDIA

Sources: Statistical Appendioes to tho dnnual Report of the Director General of Health Services, India, for 1950; tables fnrnished by the Government of India in answer to a parliamentary question; for States not covered by the above, sources are WHO Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Report No. 1 of 19% and Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics for 1953

Footnotes: " Registorod deaths.

(a) Includnd in Ellsdra9, 1948 - 1052.

State -

AJMER . . . . . . . . . . . . ANDliRA (n) . . . . . . . . . . ASSAM . . . . . . . . . . . . BHOPAL . . . . . . . . . . . . RIHAR . . . . . . . . . . BILASPUI~ ' . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . BOMBAY COORG . . . . . . . . . . . . DELHI . . . . . . . . HLDIACHALPRADESH . . . . . . HYDEIIABAD . . .. . , . ,

. . . . JAMMU K A S H M I I ~ . . . . KUTCH . . . . . . . . . . . , Y.4DHYA HHAllAT . . . . . . . . MADHYA PRADESH . . . . . . . . MADRAS . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .. .. MASIPUR. . . . . , MYSORE . . . . . . . . . . . . ORlSSA . . PATIALA EASTPUSJAB S:ATES UNION PUNJAB . . . . . . . . . , . . KAd.4STHAN . . . . . . . . . . SAUltASHTlt.4 . . . . . . . , TRAVASCOI~E-COCHIN' . . . . . . TRIPl!ItA . . . . . . . . . . UTTAlt PILADESH . . . . . . . . VINDHYA PRADESH . . . . . . . . WEST BENGAL . . . . . . . .

~ .- -

INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . .

1853 ..

- 4 - - -

1951 . . . . . . . .

-

- -

1950 ~- ~-

- -

1962 ...

- - -

i 1948 i 1949

147 / 51

-

-

1.3n5 -

- I -

-

14 2,142 - -

e i - 2,156 ! 1,440 - - 1,139 ' 146 I 7 ., 2

- 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - I 1 -

- - 1 I - - 883 ?,Oli8 710 ; 98

24,031

- 19 -

! -

- - - -

196 563

- - 518 ( 106 - 8

- I - - I - - - ~ -

- - - 1 - - I - 5,568 I 513

as 51 -

y j j 1,123 - : - - - - - - - - - - - - -

10,231 / 12,959 106 ! 14

3 2

. . - ~- 1 -

... 2,860 , 3,476

916 150 - -

1.960 1,881 - - ;,, - 241

- - - 3,107

11 16

-

...

. - 13,722 -

18

- - - 762 20 -

- .- . - -

0,875 - 57

TABLE 18. REPORTED DEATHS" FROM SMALLPOX - STATES OF INDIA

Sources : Statistical Appendices to the Annual Report of the Director General of Health Services, India, for 1960; t,ables furnished by the Government of India in answer to a parliamentary question; for S t a b not covered by the above, sourom are WHO Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Report No. 3 of 1965, Annual Epidemiological and Vital Statistics for 1963

Footnotes: Registered deaths.

(a) Included in Madras, 1948-1952. (b) Diasgreas wit11 DGHS figure of 93. This, logutln,r witlr cert,ain others, was 81xn:ifically nlsrkud "prulirninary

figures which may bc vary different from the final dnla", in WHO Arlrlual for 1950. The others were, however, oorraoted in EVS 3/65, whJe Aasam remeinad unaltered. Hcncoit ia presumed the Basam figrlru har buun chucked in tho later EVS Bulletin m d found correct.

10) S o m e for 1963 alone is WHO Annual Epidemiological alld Vital S la t i~ l ies for 1953. (d) Preliminary data.

1949

520

State 1948 1053 .-. ~

1950 1951 . -~ ~

1,620 1 1:s AJMER . . . . . . . . . . . . 14(C) 2,196

237 61

2,178 - 2,112

23 164

9 217(d) 30

- 407

1,639 2,733

!! 1,140 1,781

007 608 889 618 622 -

13,625 126 613

3 5 , 6 4 0 c

1962

64

..

199 ANDHRA (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASSAM BHOPAL . . . . . . . . . . . . BIHAR . . . . . . . . . . BILASPUR . . . . . . . . . . . BOMBAY . . . . . . . . . . . . COORG . . . . . . . . . . . . DELHI .. , . , . . . HIMACH~PRA'DESH . . . . . . HYDERABAD . . . . . . . . . . JAMMU & KASHMIR . . . . . . . . KUTCH . . . . . . . . . .

437 30

8,980 - 3,339

5 86

-

768 - -

119 lao(b) HI10 618 ;9 1 172 I I O / 62

3,206 9,655 41,996 7,282

I I

MADHYA BHARAT . . . . . . . . MADHYAPRADESH . . . . . . . . MADRAS . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . MANIPUR.. . . MYSORE . . . . . . . . . . . . ORISSA . . PATIALA & EASTPUNJAB S T ~ T E S UNION

. . . . . . PUNJAB . . . . . . RAJASTHAN . . . . . . . . . . BAURARHTRA . . . . . . . . TRAVANCORE-COCHIN' . . . . . . TRIPU1I.A . . . . . . . . UTTAR P R A D E ~ H . . . . . . . . VINDHYA PRADESH . . . . . . . . WEST BENGAL . . . . . . . .

.- - - 6,768 0,034 6,102

47 1 1 1 U 465 : 245 11

12 : 15 1,427 783 868

. ~. 14 Z i - i ~ -

' -

- 3,731

6 71 9

905 7

- 902 - I - -

INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,442 1 3 4 , 1 1 8 ! 91,188 ! 166,929

3,173 1,O2R

54,100

3,421 i 1,747 2,931 6,918 - 8 -

1,076 i 2,527

4,014 ' 9,642 1 1,640 14,269 l7.2;: 6,168 - 4

2,831 3,213 1,421 1,581 3,025 6,527 8,309 - 396 294

2,050 216 1 315 - 3x9 591 i 430 - ~ 478 200 299 - 17.5 428 ' 448 -- 12

V,62!, 1 6 3 6 27,148 40,li; I 18,495 - I86 - 188 7,909 , 1,244 12,268 26,888

- - - -- - - - ------

66 3,574

- - --

TABLE 19. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES - COUNTRIES" OF SOUTH - EAST ASIA 1953

(Diseaacs subject to compulsory notificativn are marlced by (X) or by a numberreferrington footnote giving t,he conditions for such notification. The numbers which folluw the names of diseases are thoae of the Interrlational List, 1948 Revision)

Source: Annual Epidc~niological and Vital Statistics, 1953

Part A. Diseases subject to general compulsory notification in at least one country

Brucclloria (Undulant fuvor) (044) . . . . . . Csrobro-npinal (merringucoooal) rlroiungitis (067.0) . . Chicken-pox ((187) . . . . . . . , . . Cholera (043) . . . . . . . . . . . . Diarrhoea, and ontwitis (Gartro-rrlturitis) (671,764) . . Diphthwi ,~ (055) . . . . . . . . . . . . Dysentery, amoebic ( 0 4 8 0) . . . . . . . . Dysentery, bacillery (045) . . . . . . . . Influenza (480.483) . . . . . . . . . . Leishmaniosis (120) . . . . . . . . . .

Ol~htbalrtiin ilc,orlato~.irru (7(;.ij . . . . . . . . Paratyphoid Sevura (041) . . . . . . . . P l a e u e (U5S) . . . . . . . . . . . . ~neu rnou i a (490-493) . . . . . . . . . . Poliornyelitia, acute (inel. Polioencephalitis. mu le ) (080)

Part B. Diseases notifiable only under certain conditions 1 1 i

I Purrperal sopsis (Post-parlun infection) (681,68",884) . . . . . . . . Relapairlg fevr.r (071) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X 5 Itubulla. (Gurlnan nicimloi) (086) ,. ., .. . . . . . . . . I X Scnvlet fi,v?i. (050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 X X 4 . 5 1

. - , . , Hcrib~vi (280) . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I~ocoph~i i t i* , noutc itifcctiou.; (082) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l ( 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clandors (084.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leptospirosia ictero-hnemorrl~agice (Wril'a diaoase) (072) . . . . . . . . Rabies (094) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spmo (1116.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuberculosis. othor forms 1010-0191 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s m a l l p o x (084) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tryl>atrasorniwin (S l<:~l~ing Y ~ ( . ~ I > o E E , Cllngt~6' <linc,w~~) ( I l l ) . . . . . . . . 'I'u1,c~rculosia of the tws~~ir&tory )iy.it~.zn (001 -0OH) . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . Typhoid fovc;r (010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typllus, err~iernir (Ploa-borne typhus, Muritre typhus) (101). . . . . . . . Typhur, epidemic (I.uuso-borne typhu8 ) (100) . . . . . . . . . . Whooptng cough (036) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yellow S~T-er ( 0 ~ 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yaws (073) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ,. .. I

Footnotes: " No inforllitbtian nbout Uliutatr, Mnldiva Ialallds, Ne1m.1, l'urLuguo*o indiu, Rikkiln.

t Diacasw printed in bald type aro oorrlpulaorily zrotifiable througllout all countries in tubla 1. Forrn or type not .ipocified. 2. lnoludcd with typhoid fever. 3. Puoq,sral sepsis, no t specified whelher paat-parturn or post-aborturn. 4. Notifiable in oortain areas.

6. Not.ifinhlu in cortain urban diatriots.

s x

; S I ., X 5 X ! 5 S X , 5

S J X J X x $ X 1 4 . 5 ! S 1 X , 4.5 1 X X 4.6 1 X X 4 X

x

5 X X

X X I X I * : , X J x

TABLE 20. HOSPITALS, MEDICAL CENTRES AND OTHER HOSPITAL ESTABLISHMENTS - COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

(Figures in brackets oorreapond to number of bed8 in generat hospital8 reserved for the medics1 specialities in question)

Source: W.H.O. Medical Statistics Documentation IIE of 26.11.1955, Tsble I1

Total General Tuberoulosia Intea tious Maternity Diseases

Count1y yea ---- B e d ~ H o p . Bed@

- --- ------A- --

AFGHANISTAN . . .. 1964 ... 2 90 (26)

BURMA . . . . . . 1953 6 400 1 208

CEYLON .. 2 84 126 1,866 (9,161)

FORMER FRENCH INDIA 1963 10 1 583 ... ... 4 102

INDIA .. .. .. 1962 ... 161 6,011

INDONESIA ... 48 1,223

THAILAND . . 106 64 8B1 I (464)

Footnotes: (a) Inoludiog 8 prison horpite.1~ with 378 beds and 1 polico hospital with 60 beds. (b) In IDS4.

TABLE 20. HOSPITALS, MEDICAL CENTRES AND OTHER HOSPITAL ESTABLISHMENTS - COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA (contd.)

(Figures in brackets correvpond to nutnber of beds in general hospitals reserved for the medical speoisiities in question)

Paediotrios Peyohiatry Other monts

-- ... ... ... AFGHANISTAN

1 I 300 2(e) 220(0) BURMA

I(e) gl(e) CEYLON

... ... ... 1 .._ . . . ... 130 1 12 FORMER FRENCH INDIA

... ... ... INDIA

... 1 ._. , ... lihi 211h) INDOXESIA

150 ! (248) i

footnote^:

( c ) One prevontorium with 100 bed6 and I asbablishrnnnl for ineurnblea with 120 beds.

(d) 1 fever hospital with 220 hcde, 1 eye hospital with 127 bad8 and 2 other hospitals with 42 beds. (e) Home for ineurehles. ( f ) Eye hoepitals.

(g) Hospitals, nsylums and oolanic;~ for lepolr. (h) Establishment for the blind.

( i ) 1 preventorium with 100 heds, 2 nstablishn~ents for the blind with I59 beds and 6 establishments for the aged with GOO heds.

TABLE 21. HEALTH PERSONNEL - COUNTRIES0 OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA

Source: W.H.O. Medioal Statistics Dooumentation IIE of 26.11.1955, Table I

Rootnotea:

The Statistical Year Book 1954 gives 2,242 physiclane in Burma. 1952, but this figure ia the number on the regiatar snd ~noludes many who h w e died or given up prmtico.

(a) Personnel urnployad by the Miiietry of Public Health only, including 76 nsaistsnts. (b) Qovernment peraonnwl only.

(o) Number on the register, but many of them are not in practice. The number of active midwives in Govemmont servhcea ia 1786.

Country

AFGHANISTAN . . . . CEYLON . . FORMER BRENCI~INDIA INDIA .. .. .. INDONESIA .. PORTUGUESE I N ~ I A . . THAILAND . . . .

~. ~

(d) Number of registered profaPsionela in 1062. ( 0 ) Qovornment personnel.

Year

1964 1953 1963 1954 1964 1953 1964

Phyaicbns

232(s) 1,642

61 04,062(d)

1,146 27(e)

2,943

P h a r mscists

... 970

1 37.530

100

794 6

Midwives

VeEri- nanans

--

... 86 ... . . .

137 ...

778

Numea

Dentists & Certi6-

... 86

3 3.742(d)

256 ... ... ... 886 ...

- Qualified & Certifi- catod

... ... 15,%0 ...

2,&3

T o t d

44 2,980(c)

52 17,000 1,035

... 915

I

--- -- Total

303(b) 2,050

I03 22,100

6,548

3,874 I

of vltal and epidemiological statistics

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