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Republic of the Phili~fJinesDEPARTrv1ENroF~PUBLIC WORKS AND-HIGHWAYSOFFICE OF THE SECRETARYBonifacio Drive, Port Area, Manila -

28 February 1989

DEPA~~ORDER)~~SUB •..TECT :

No. ~Series Q 1989 )

Project Implementation Guidelines-Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

extend• +proJec ...

planning,this major

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In connection with the implementation of the infrastructuresupport component of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program(CARP) for the country, the Department of Public Works andHighways has been tasked to implement roads, small waterimpounding dams, water supply, and ports projecti nationwide overthe 1989-1997 period.

In this regard, all CARP-implementing offices of thisDepartment, specifically Regional anq District Offices, sh911comply with the attached project implementation guidelines .inorder to provide a common framework, rationale, and objectiveapproach for the implementation of the DPWH infrastructurecomponent.

All Department officials concerned are enjoined totheir wholehearted support and assistance to theidentification, preparation, inter-agency integratedand implementation activities to ensure the success ofGovernment program.

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RE.PUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESDEPAR'TlVIENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND' HIGHWAYS

Manila.

COrvIPREJ-IE.r~SIVE AGRARIANRE.FORf\lI PROGI<.AM

PI'-OJE.CTIMPLElVIE.NTING

GUIDELINES

•

Febl~uary 28~1989

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The following general implementing guidelines are beingissued for the purpose of providing a common framework, rational~and objective approach in the implementation of DPWH projectsunder the purview of CARP.

1.1 In general, to ensure responsive and cost-effectIveutilization of CARP investments in the light of constraints,DPWH CARP projects should take into consideration thefollowing:

a) Projects should make minimum use of land anduse of engineering expenses, and shouldresults and benefits to their clientele.

minimumoptimize

b }, Project/s should be locatedhomogeneous CARP areas.

in contiguous and

c) Project/s should serve the greatest number of farmer-benefeciaries on a per capita, per km, and/or perproject basis.

d) Project/s should be located where the greatestreturns to investment are expected to be generated interms of incremental value to agricultural productionfrom factors such as improvement and opening of newlands to cultivation, improvement of agriculturalpractices (e.g. use of improved techniques, inputs,increased cropping intensities, machines, diversifi-cation), reduction of spoilage, improved marketingpractices, reduction of perishability/spoilage, etc.,

e) Project/s should provide and have all-weather and goodaccess to credit, extension services, agriculturalfacilities such as marketing centers and post-production facilities, seed/plant nurseries, socialservices such as health and education, political/ad-ministrative, and socio-cultural centers.

f} Project/s should interface with, the developmentactivitIes of other CARP implementing agencies on anintegrated basis and interlink wherever possible withDPWH projects being implemented under its regularMedium Term Implementation Program.

g) Project/s should be integrated to the the overalltransport network and/or existing facilities/structuresalready in place in the province for cost-effectiveimplementation, and ,ensure the long term productivityand growth in the area, the province, and the economy,in general.

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!~E b ~ ~ ~ ~ I !N G

DPWH INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT SERVICES COMPONENT

In Octobe~, 1988, the DPWH p~epa~ed a P 9 Billion DPWHinf~ast~uctu~e suppo~t p~og~am component under the ComprehensiveAgra~ian Refo~m P~og~am (CARP) of the Philippines which ista~getted to be implemented in 1988-1997. Last February 14, 1989,the p~og~am was inc~eased to P 12.165 Billion with the~einclusion of wate~ supply and ports components. CARP funding,which is over and above the regular medium te~m inf~ast~ucturep~ogram of the DPWH, had been ~ecently ~eleased fo~ 1988 andfi~st qua~ter of 1989 and will periodically be made availablethe~eafte~ up ,to 1997 to the Department for the p~ovision ofvitally needed suppo~t infrastructure facilities in CARP a~eas tobe identified by the Depa~tment of Ag~a~ian Reform (DAR) and thePresidential Agra~ian Refo~m Council (PARC).

Over the 10 year pe~iod, 1988-1997, DPWH envisages toimplement In CARP a~eas nationwide the construction of about3,000 km of new ~oads comp~ised of 470 km of barangay ~oads and2,600 km of indigenous ~oads; rehabilitation/improvement of about4,400 km of existing roads; construction pfabo~t 800 km ofmulti-pu~pose pavements; the improvement and ~ehabilitation ofabout 150 po~ts nationwide; the implementation' of about 330 smallwate~ impounding manage~ent (SWIM) projects; and the const~uctionof about 27,690 Level I wate~ supply facilities comprised ofabout 10,522 shallow wells, 15,000 deep wells, and 2,200 sp~ingdevelopment p~ojects.

During the preparation stage, ve~y broad assumptions hadbeen utilized by the DPWH in developing the proposed prog~amsince project a~eas ,for CARP are still subject to identification,~egist~ation, acquisition, and distribution activities and itsconcomittant funding prerequisites under DAR and PARCo The ~ealbasis for CARP suppo~t activities are the invento~y of actuallandholdings ~athe~ than the fo~ecast land distribution andfa~me~ beneficia~y ta~gets on which prog~am estimates had beenbased.

It, is in this context that the operational a~rangementfo~ DPWH CARP implementation would involve close coo~dinationwith other agencies and decentralized operations. Specifically,the DPWH field offices particula~ly DPWH Regional Directo~s shallimmediately and on a continuing basis coordinate, consult, andunde~take integrated planning activities together with their~espective DAR, Depa~tment of Agriculture (DA), other CARP-implementing agencies, and Regional Development Council (RDC)counterparts to identify, select, prio~itize, prepare thenecesary work programs, implement, and monitor the conduct ofthese under the framevJOrk of "bottom up" planning.

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h) Project/s should be indorsed by DAR, RDCs, and/or PARCas a priority undertaking.

1.2 In support of the employment generatio~ 'and" ruralproductivity thrusts of Government, labor-based, equipment-supported methods should be used whenever technically andeconomically feasible provided that:

a) The estimated cost of the labor-based construction doesnot exceed the best equipment alternative by more than10 per cent; ,

b) The estimated duration of labor-based construction doesnot exceed the best alternative by more than 50 percent;

c) The employment of workers for labor-based constructionwill not unduly impair agricultural production (i.e.shifting available labor supply to con?truction fromagr~culture sector); and

d) The technical quality meets engineering s~andards;

1.3 Project/s should in all instances inform the general publicthrough appropriate signs (e.g. at the start and termini ofroad projects) and information dissemination activities thatthese are being undertaken by the Government under the CARPthrough the PARC, DAR,and the DPWH. The project name, cost,starting date, and expected completion should also beincluded. The recommended format for these project signs ispresented in Annex A.

2.1 GeneralIn addition to the aformentioned factors, road

rehabilitation, improvement and construction activitiesshould, where applicable, observe the following:a) The area t~be occupied by a project road should be

minimized.

b) Drainage facil~ties should be separate from irrigationfacilities for proper water management and control.

c) The maximum possible number of farm lots should be madeaccessible by locating CARP roads at right angles withthe short side of lot ~arcels.

d) Design and location of roads should consider goodoperation and efficiency of agricultural machines (i.e.turning of machines), farm access (supplying andcarrying of materials and produce), etc.

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e) Where applicable, there should exist a desirable levelof difference between the road and the neighbouringpaddy fields of at least 0.3 meter or above theexpected flood water level.

f) Road right-of-way must be fully acquired.Implementation priority should be given to recipientcommunities donating the needed road right-of-way.

g) Attention should be given to longitudinal and cross-drainage structures of these facilities due to theintense storms and typhoons in the Philippines.

h) For all major road projects, detailed design activitiesshould be carried out according to accepted DPWHpractice for major and minor roads following existingtechnical guidelines for flat, rollin~, and mountainousterrain.

2.2 Rehabilitation/Improvement of Existing Roads2.2.1 In general, rehabilitation and improvement o~ existing

road transport infrastructure facilities in CARP areasinto all-weather facilities should be given preferenceover new construction activities. Existing road~ onreasonably satisfactory alignments should be"improved byrestoring the formation of.the specified width, compactionof the subgrade to a suitable California Bearing. Ratio(CBR) of at least 7%, a~d provision of a gravel runningsurface for existing gravel roads. Existing roads withunsatisfactory sub-soil conditions, steep gradients, andsharp curvatures should be replaced with new suitablealignments where economically and for reasons of publicsafety are deemed viable.

2.2.2 The field offices concerned shall adopt the appropriatepavement type and width corresponding to the estimatedtraffic volume, in vehicles per day (VPDl, as follows:

--------------------~----------------------------Pavement Type/& Width

Indigenous Road to 4M Gravel4M Gravel to 6M Gravel6M Gravel to 6M AC6M AC to 7M PCC

Minimum VPDin Opening Year

.50160360

1,200 or inconditionsadverse forAC constrL\ction

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2.2.3 Reinforced concrete bridges should be provided acrossmajor rivers and s~ream crossings. Piles used for thefoundation of these ~tructures should have a minimumbearing capacity of 50 tons. Bridges and culverts shouldbe permanent concrete structures. Drainage structuresshould have a free board of 1.0 m above the maximumestimated water level (flood of 10-year frequency).Drainage ditches along the side of the road should bedesigned to carry flows of 5-year frequency. Where trafficis still deemed minimal, single lane 4M wide structuresshould be installed with provision for futureexpansion/widening. Annex B shows the recommended minimumtraffic (AADT) in opening year required to justify two-lane RCDa construction/widening.

2.2.4 In mountainous terrain, a minimum of 4M gravel road shouldbe provided with meeting bays in the horizontal curves forproject roads with AADT traffic volume up to about 300 inthe opening year. Incases where gradients should exceed81.; asphaltic surfacing should be considered as gravelsurface materials are expected to be lost from thecombined impact of rain~gradient, and traffic~

2.2.5 DPWH improvement and rehabilitation program is envisagedto be implemented in 19~~T1992 entailing a total physicaltarget of4 ~453 -' km and an investment requirement of aboutP 1.691 Billion, in curreritprices. The schedule is asfollows:.

------~------------------------------------------------Year

InvestmentRequirement~

Physical.Targets-------------------------------~-----------------------

1988 P 154.95 M 517 ~~m1989 245.52 7441990 327.79 9031991 424.26 1,0631992 538.50 1,226-------------~-----------------------------------------

P 1,691.02 M 4,453 ~~m=============================================~======;==

New Construction

2.3.1 For the construction of new roads under CARP, thefollowing criteria (allowable VPD traffic range) should beadopted:

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Indigenous Road4M Gravel (regular)6M Gravel (regular)6M AC (regular)7M PCC (regular)

less than 50 vehiclesless than 160.160 - 360361 - 1,200should be used only

.under very specialsituations whereconditions areadverse for asphaltconcrete construction

2.3.2 The new roads program of the DPWH is envisaged to· beimplemented in 1988-1997 with the construction ofindigenous roads in 1988-1994 followed with theconstruction of regular roads in 1995-1997. A .totalinvestment requirement of. about P 2.100 Bi11ion, incurrent prices, is targetted -to be allocated theDepartment. For the new regular roads, the schedule ofphysical targets and investments are as follows:

~-------------------------------------------------------Year

InvestmentRequirements

PhysicalTargets

199519961997

P

P

311.79 M342.97319.74

974.50 M

200 ~~m100170

470 km=======================================================

2.3.3 Construction of Indigenous Roads

2.3.2.1 The provision/establishment of indigenous roads in CARPareas nationwide· should take into cinsideration thefollowing:

a. The location of the indigenous road shall beselected in consultation with the recepientcommunity .through the Barangay Captain/Council,the DAR field office, and Barangay, Municipal,Provincial, and Regional Development Councilsconcerned.

b. The indigenous road shall be puilt in contiguousand CARP areas serving the greatest number of CARPfarmer-beneficiaries, greatest return inincremental values of production, and whereservice ~rea traffic is expected to be" .no morethan 50 vehicles per day.

c. Indigenous roads shall be provided in cases wherenew construction or penetration roads are required

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2.3.3.3

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in areas which are: (i) marginal in nature, e.g.hinterlands, social forestry areas, and uplandswith slopes 7 to 10'%; (ii) sparsely \ populated;and (iii) areas currently served by earth trailslinking farms to barangay centers.

d. The indigenous road shall be integrated into thepverall road n~twork of the municipality andprovince to provide adequate access of farms to'transport facilities, extension services, credit,markets, post-production facilities, seed/plantnurseries, social facilities such as health andeducation, administrative facilites, and socio-cultural centers.

Indigenous roads shall generally have a one-lanetravelway with a minimum width of 2.5 m. A shoulder of0.5 m shall be provided on each side of the road. Thetravelway shall have a gravel' layer 150 mm thick whichmay be increased depending on the strength ogf thesubgr-adematerial. For added protection, gravel'layershall be "feather 'edged" over the width of theshoulder. The maximum grade of the road shall be 7-10'Y.on a 200 m longitudinal section. Theindigenou~ roadshall generally follow the guiding des~gn configurationof the DPWH as shown in Annex C.

The Construction of about 2,600 km of indigenous roadsshall be undertaken from 1988-1994 ent~iting anestimated project cost of P 1.125 B, in current prices,as follows:

---------~---------------------------------------------Year

InvestmentRequirements

PhysicalTargets------------------------------------------~------------

1988 P ,40. 00 M 133 km1989 88.80 2671990 " 121 •00 3331991 159.72 400

./1992 175.69 4001993 257.68 5331994 283.45 533-----------~------------------------~------~----~------

P 1,125.54 M 2,600 km=======================================================

2.4 Construction of Multi-Purpose Pavements

2.4.1 Under CARP, concrete multi-purpose pavements shall beprovided to CARP-beneficiary barangays\and municipal areasto serve as solar dryers for palay'and as areas forsports, socio-economic and socio-cultural actdvities ofthese areas. These 4 m wide pavements shall be provided inthe following lengths:

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a. 100 m for small barangayswith 50 to 99 households;

b. 200 m for medium-sized barangays withhouseholds; and

100~150_

c. 300 m for large barangays/municipalities with morethan 150 households.

The pavement may, however, be broken up in sections of 50meters in-'lengthprovided that the clear distance betweenthe ends of the sections is not less than 500 m.

2.4.2 The establishment/provisionpavements shall furtherfollowing:

oftake

concrete multi-purposeinto consideration the

a. The location of the concrete multi-purposae pavementsshall be sele~ed in consultation with the recipientcommunity through the Barangay Chairman/Council in theCARP project areas. Preferably; the facility shall besituated at the center pf the barangay and/or majorclusters of population (sitios or puroks) thereintraversed by the barangay road.

b. The plans of the multi-purpose pavements shall followthe desfgn standards and speci~ications set by theBureau of Design of the DPWH. This calls for an averagewidth of 4 m portland cement concrete pavement with athickness of 15 cm-for the travelway on 15 cm thickaggregate subbase. Alternatively, if ~rainageconditions in the area will permit, an equivalentdesign using a 5 cm thich agg~egate base course on topof a minimum of 10 cm aggregate subbase may be used.

c. The right-of-way needed for the constructionmulti-purpose pavement should be donatedrecipient community.

of theby - the

2.4.3 Under CARP, about 800 km are is targetted to be undertakenin 1989-1992 entailing a total estimated cost of P1,012.63 M, in current prices, as follows~

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YearInvestmentRequirements

PhysicalTargets

1989 P 206.07 M 187 km1990 272.25 2251991 332.75 2501992 201.56 138----------------~------~---~------~~-------------------• P 1,012.63 M 800 kmT======================================================

3.1 The Small Water Impounding Management (SWIM) component underCARP, in support the agricultural production in CARP areas,seeks to provide irrigation water, mitigate flooding intraditionally flood-:-strickenareas, provide erosion control,provide a source for water supply, develop inland fisheries,and/or provide mini-hydro power w.here these are deemedfea~ible. The DPWH shall basically ~onstruct. multi-purposeSWIM dams in CARP areas, except Integrated Social Forestry(ISF) areas and uplands which shall be served by theDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources. Thesefacilities are envisaged to ideally serve an area of about 2square kilometers per project.

'3.2 In the selection and development of SWIM sites in CARP areasnationwide, the following factors should be taken intoconsideration:

a. The dam should be as much as possible multi-purpose innature serving as many of the aforecited thrusts aspossible.

I./ b. Dam should be located on a suitable foundation with

good surface and sub-surfa~e conditions.

c. There must be a suitable pointconsidering rainflow, streamflow,water quality and sediment load,discharge and flow characteristics

source of waterevapotranspiration,and flood and peak

of such floods.

d. There must be cost-effective and appropriate sources ofsuitable construction materials within or near the.site.

e. There must be a suitable and good size of impounding orreservoir area with preference to narrow sites as thiswill facilitate a greater volume of water at a lowereffective dam cost.

f. The existing land use and potential land use should betaken into account especially economic resources whichmay be affected/submerged.

g.' Environmental aspects, such as aesthetics and naturalhabitats of flora and fauna, which may be affected inthe long run by the facility shoulf be duly considered.

h. Acceptance by the affected population isimportant in the establishment of the facility.

deemed

i. The proje~t must interface with the existing andplanned development activities in the· area such asirrigation, water supply, and agricultural development.

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3.3. Feasibility studies and detailed design activities should beundertaken to define the most cost-effective location anddesign, boundary conditions, project purpose, ,and layoutprior to construction •.

3.4 After the completion of construction, proje~ts are to beturned over to' either the National IrrigationAdministration, through its irrigation associations, or theDepartment Of Agriculture, through farmer associations inthe area. Operation and maintenance of these facilitiesshall be taken over by these organizations upon turn-over.,.

3.5 The DPWH targets to implement 334 SWIM projects in 1989-1997nationwide at an average cost of P 6 Milli~n per project, in1988 constant prices, and to serve an area of about 108,600hectares.

4.1 GeneralIn the assessment of ports for establishing their

relative priorities, possible new locations, and formulatingproposals for port improvement/rehabilitation, the followinggeneral guidelines should be observed:a) Adequate space must be available ~or vessel movements.

The adaptability and safety of the port facilityagainst natural conditions should be properlyconsidered.

b) The portspawningpreserves

Isite must be far from fish breeding andareas, aquaculture, and other natural

that could be adversely affected. '

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, c) There should preferably be a smooth transition from theshallow to the deep portion of the water, with adequatedepth to accomodate the maximum size vessels calling atthe port.

d) There should preferably be no likely occurence of./siltation and/or scouring phenomena at the designated

site.e) The soil profile at the port site must contain

appropriate strength of II Nilvalues within the range of20 to 50 to sustain the force inflicted to and by theproposed port facility.

f) Port sites with wave condition of more than 2.00 mshould be discarded because of.their high constructionand maintenance costs and risk to damage in the longrun•

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g) The major causes of damages o~ the existing portfacilities relative to port site selection and layoutshould be thoroughly analyzed.

h) The proximity to main markets for goods and services,other transportation systems/modes, and consumptioncenters to effect greater savings in transportationcosts and convenience of the end users should be givenmajor importance.

i) The existing land use and land use plans within thevicinity of the port in consonance with CARP, as wellas future regional and provincial development should beconsidered. The planned port should not be in conflictwith other development plans in the area.

j) The port site and planned facility should becommensurate wfth the types, characteristics, andfrequency of vessels that will be calling at the port,as well as the traffic volume of cargo, pa~senger, staytime, service time, and handling time at·the port.

k) The income potential of the port and its long termrequirements for maintenance and operations should alsobe considered.

1) The port'site should provi.deenough space.to allow easyapproach and berth departure •.

4.2 A comparative analysis of all alternative port sites and.final selection and prioritization should be based on theabove mentioned considerations/criteria.

4.3 After the selection of potential port sites, siteinvestigations and surveys should be undertaken thruthorough and comprehensive studies and evaluation ofexisting port sites to determine the.' most suitable

.economical design, and define the engineeririg and designconditions, physical and socio-economic aspects of the portsite, and its concomittantenvironmental impact. This shouldalso include the layout of the port facilities. During theconduct of this phase, the existing DPWH Port PlanningGuidelines .prepared under the Nati,onwide Feeder' PortsDevelopment Program should be adopted.

4.4 The Ports Program under the CARP, which will be carried outin 1990-1997, shall essentially involve three components:(i) major improvement of ports or Type III projects, with anallocation of P 10 million pesos (1988 constant prices) perproject; (ii) minor improvement of ports or Type IIprojects, with an allocation of P 5 Million pesos (1988constant prices); and (iii) rehabilitation of ports or TypeI projects, with an allocation of P 500,000 per proj~ct. Thetypes of feeder ports development activities are as follows:

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a. Type III projects essentially in nature ordinary scalefeeder ports which function as a big distributioncenter to/from other isolated islands and ~rea ports,say of the Type II type, and used by every kind ofvessel. Such ports are similar to an independent portwith a far distance from other ports and serves a bighinterland. Facilities normally require a causeway,pier (11m x 33 m or more), stairlanding, transit shed,and supporting land.

b. Type II projects also mainly ordinary scale feederports similar to an isolated island port with a smallhinterland and normally serving small and mediu~ sizedvessels. Facilities typically comprise a causeway,.pier(11 m x 33 m), stairlanding, and transit shed.

c. Type I activities basically involve minimal scalefeeder ports which function as <i) adistribution/collection center to/from nearby isolatedcoastal barangays, and <ii) serve as a fishery port.Such ports are normally used only by small vesselsusually less than 5 GT. Facilities normally comprise a.causeway, stairlanding, and transit-shed.

4.5 The Ports activities from 1990-1997 would cover about 33Type III, 49 Type II, and 72 Type I prijects involving atotal cost of about P 1.096.28 M.

5.1 Within the context of the overall water supply plan, theDPWH shall construct Level I facilities in CARP areasnationwide to be identifi~d by DAR. A Level I facility shallbasically comprise a developed water source, usually aprotected deep or shallow well or spring with an outlet butwith no distribution system. It is generally adopted inrural areas where houses are thinly scattered, and thesource not more than 250 meters from the farthest user.A facility usually serves·15-50 households.

5.2 In the selection of project sites, the following factorsshould be considered:

a. The e}:isting"water gap" in the CARP area, representingthe level and clustering .of population still notadequately served by adequate water supply and notcovered under the present medium term infrastructureprogram of the Department and other Government agenciessuch as the Local Water Utilities Administration <LWUA)and the Department of Agrarian Reform.

b. The· "water gap" can be estimated by getting theexisting population in a project area and subtractingfrom this the population served by water supply, i.e.,

:1.2

I .,

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the existing number of facilities multiplied by 150,which is the average service population per facility(25 househol~). The difference shall represent thelevel of unserved population in an area.

c. The number of Level I systems needed can be estimatedby dividing the unserved population by 150.

d. In determining the type of the required project"activity, thorough assessments of the existing

hydrological conditions in the area should beundertaken as to whether the most economic type ofimprovement would require a shallow well or deep wellor spring development depending on the availablegroundwater and the proximity and abundance of water of

.nearby springs or water impounding facilities. Projectsshould interface with the existing ~evelopment projectsbeing undertaken by the various CARP-implementingagencies in the area.

5.3 Ideally, all of the unserved population should bewith adequate water supply. A target rate of at leastthe targetted CARP beneficiaries, however, isacceptable.

served8121% ofdeemed

5.4 Generally, for CARP resettlement areas, the water supplyrequirement in these areas shall be the responsibility ofthe DAR under its Water Supply for CARP Resettlement Areascomponent as development of such areas are under itsmandate.

5.5 The DPWH targets to construct 34,100 Level I .systems in1990-1997, specifically about 10,~00 shallow wells, 14,900deep wells, and 2,200 spring development projects in CARPareas nationwide.

6.1 To. monitor performance and measure progress againstprogrammed targets, all DPWH CARP-implementing offices shallregularly submit to DPWH management reports on theaccomplishments and expenditures on a monthly basis to theDPWH Central Office through their respective RegionalDirectors. The reports shall utilize standard DPWH target-setting and monitoring system, based on the S-curve format.Furthermore, CARP implementation shall be included in ·theagenda of monthly one on one meetings and quarterlyperformance review of the DPWH. CARP-implementing agenciesof the DPWH shall likewise submit monthly and quarterlyaccomplishment reports required by the PARC, using themonitoring form presented in Annex D. Furthermore, CARPbeing an important endeavor to the rural populati6n, .monitoring non-government organizations is being highlyencouraged.

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6.2 Inasmuch as the CARP is one of the top priority undertakingsof the Government, all Department officials are,e>:pected torender their utmost cooperation and enthusiasm to .itsendeavors, exercise sound engineering and proper managementand control of their respective CARP activities. Spot checkson CARP implementation progress shall be carried out byCentral Office teams and other CARP-implementingagencies/institutions •

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----------------------.RECOMIVIENDED

PROJECT SIGNFORlVlA T

----------------------

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ESTIMATE ROAD SIGN (PLACARD)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

=======================================================================DESCRIPTION IQUANTITY I UNIT I UNIT PRICE I TOTAL COST

I I I (P) I (P)======.=================================================================A. MATERIALS

1. Plain G. I. SheetGauge 244 ' x 8 ' Standard Size 1 Pes. 260.00 260.00

2. King Post2-3" x 3" x 12' 18 Bd./Ft. 11.00 198.00

3. Bracing2-2" x 2" x 6 ' 4 Bd./Ft. 10.50 42.00

4. Framing2-2" x J2" x 8 ' 5.5 Bd./Ft. 10.50 57.75

, 2-2" x 2" x 6 ' I 4 Bd./Ft. 10.50 42.00.,...../ I

5. Horizontal Studs I2-2" x 2" x 8 ' I 5.5 Bd./Ft. 10.50 57.75

I6 . Vertical Studs I

2-2" x 2" x 6' I . Bd./Ft. 10.50 ,42.00I

.7. G. I. Cleat I2-1" x 2" x 6 ' I 1 Bd./Ft. 10.50 10.502-1" x 2" x 8 ' I 1.5 Bd./Ft. 10.50 15~75

I8. CWN I

It 2" . I 1 Kilo 16.00 16.00It 3" I 1 Kilo 16.00 16.00

I9. Paint I 1 Gal. 180.00 180.00

I

TOTAL MATERIAL COST 937.75_______________________ L --------------~-

B . LABOR * '1 Painter 8 Hr. 10.50 84.00

----------------------------------------------------------------------TOTAL LABOR COST 84.00----------------------------------------------------------------------TOTAL COST OF MATERIALS AND LABOR 1021.75======================================================================NOTE: * Carpenter and Laborer provided from project construction team

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PLANORA WN Nor TO 5:CA/..c

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---------------------------RECOlVIMENDE.D

BRIDGE./WIDENING/IlVIPROVE.MENT

CRITERIA---------------------------

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ANNEX B-----------------

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DP'VH CONCEPT PAPERON INDIGENOUS ROADS

ANNE.X _C·

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RE.PUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS

Manila

CONCEPT PAPER

ON

INDIGENOUS ROADS

January 1989

, '._1.- ••

CONCE PT PAPEFf.

CONSTRUCTION OF INDIGENOUS ROADS UNDER CARP

Backqr'oundPhilippine development efforts in the medium ter~

period 1987-1992 are principally. directed towards theattainment of: (i) alleviation of poverty~ (ii) generationof more productive employment, (iii) promotion of equity andsocial justice, and (iv) the attainment of sustainableeconomic growth. An employment-oriented rural-based strategyis being pursued to directly address the$e goals~

The Government aims to reinforce the physicalfoundation of the economy to support these developmentthrusts. Specifically, the DPWH seeks to install and improvethe essential transport, water resources, and o~her socialoverhead facilities, especially in the ru~al areas· This isbeing carried .out through an infrastructure program focusedon a dual role: first, in a supportive capacity, to dovetail.with and provide the basic ov~rhead facilities needed tofacilitate the activities of the leading production sectors;and second, in an active capacity, to induce and directdevelopment to take place in the desired ar'eas.

A major component of this infrastructure program ishighways or road improvement. Road transport has been, andwill continue to be, the dominant mode oftransportation in the Philippines, accounting for. about 22billion ton~kilometres per year or 60 percent of the totaldomest~c freight traffic, and around 53-billion passenger7kilometres per year or 80 percent of the total domesticpassenger traffic~ Almost all intra-island traffic iscarr'ied by the road network.

/The Philippines has a total road network of 157,810

kilometres (km) of which 26,0~2 km are national roads,28,928 km are provincial roads, 3,984 km ~re city roads,12,:::75 km ar'e municipal r'oads, and 85,941 km ar-ebar'angayroads. Less than 50 % of the total road network is a11-weather'. With arrover'all f"oad density of 0.54 km per squarekm of land area, access roads are scarce in .remote anddepressed areas. As a result, transport costs are high,production is restricted, and living standards are low.

The DPWH seeks to eliminate the major physicalconstraints to the targetted a~ricultural and industrial

·production areas and to make basic social and economicservices more accessible to the widest. segment of thepopulation. Accordingly, among the priority areas in itsinfrastructure program is the provision of rural-bas~d,

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'-' "_/pr-odl.\ction-sl.\PPol'tivelnfr-ast,ructure to spl.lr r'ur-al andagr-icultur-al development, assist agrar-ian reform, andgene~ate employment - notably thru mor-e and better- roads.

Under' the medium-ter-m infr-astructure pr-ogram,.therefore, the DPWH seeks to impr-ove .allnational r-oads andth~ three-functions of the entir-er-oad network with all-weather facilities, and to incr-ease road deniity to at least0.57 km per- squar-e km of land area, by 1992. In theagr-arianrefor-m areas, a density o~ 0.60· km per square kmofland is ta~getted.

On June 10, 1988, the Compr-ehensive Agrarian Refor-m Law(CARL) was appr-oved under' Republic' Act No. 6657.Essentially, the agrarian refor-m i~ founded on the rights ofthe far-mer-s who ar-e landless to own the lands they tillthr-ough a redisribution and reallocation of land to s4Pportgreater economic pr-ogress and productivity, with farmersasuming a new status of landowner-s. and individualentr-epr-eneur-s. The Gover-nment has.decide4 to undertake acompr-ehensi\le aPJ:n~oach to pr'ogram implementati.on inr-ecognition that land refor-m measur-es alone would not beeffective if not accompanied by adequate su~port servicessuch as infr-astructur-e, agricultural extension, credit,mar-keting assistance, and po~t-har-vest facilities.

In the pr-eparation of the 'proposed DPWH component pf .theComprehensive Agrar-ian Refor-m Progr-am (CARP), the inadequacyof the'pr-esent r-uralroad network in th. agricultur-al ar-easto be ser-ved by the CARP has been reco~nize~. The Depar-tmenthas therefore given pr-ior-ity to the following: (a)rehabilitation and impr-ovement of existing roads to all-weather- standard, (b) constr-ucti~n of new indigenous roads,and (c) provision of multi-puppose pavements alongbarangay roads in the ru~al barangays of the country-

Concept of Indiaenous Road~Sinc~ a si~nificant part ~~ the area covered by the

CARP are isolated areas not served by roads coupled with aneed to effect economy and serve more far-mer-beneficiarieswith the limited CARP resources, a· massive program toconstruct "indigenous" roads in these areas is beingpr-oposed. /

The pr-incipal objective of indigenous roads is toprovide immediate and basic access to otherwise isolatedagrarian r-efor-mar-eas. These are, ther-efore, roads which arelow cost, easy and quick to build. IndigenOus roads shouldbe built according to according to basic engineer-ingfeatur-es, without being constrained by the rigid designspecifications intended for- "regular" roads. As mu~h as ,possible, they should follow the existing ter-rain andprovide for- the most direct link to the ar-ea·

"~,-----------~-------------------------

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The main engineering considerations of an indigenousroad are a slope of as much as 7 to 10 %,drainage, andgravel surfacing. Th~ road is essentially a one lanefa~ility with meeting bays sufficient to m~et therequirements of light traffic such as jeepneys andtricycles, and the .initial socio-economic activities in theser"viCen ar"ea, with pr-ovision for""fut'.trestage constr"I.I·ctionupon future development of the "area.

In the construction of these roads, the main equipmentneeded is a bulldozer to open up the road. This is augmentedby labor-intensive methods for shaping the road and theditches, compacting and spreading gravel. This.will provideemployment opportunities are to the rural populace andpromote the "bayanihan" spir"it in development projects.

ObjectivesBasically, the Project Component seeks to provide about

2,600 km of. indigen~us roads in the rural areas of th&country. Specifically the Project se~ks to:

(i) provide, in a short period low-cost basicinfrastructure support facilities to serve anumber af CARP farmer-beneficiaries;

(ii) open and provide adequate access in CARPidentified nationwide;

r"oadlarge

ar-eas

(iii) effect economy and greaterinfrastructure outiays; and

"cover'age of CARP

(iv) provide employment opportunities to the ruralpopulation within and in the vicinity of CARP areas.

Selection. Prioriti2ation. and ConstructiouThe establishment/provision of indigenous roads is

envisaged to take into con~,idefation the following:

1. The location of the indigenous road shall be selectedin consultation with the recipient community throughthe Barangay Captain/Council, the Department ofAgrarian Reform field office, and the Barangay,Municipal, Provincial, and Regional Dev~lopmentCOl,.trIcilsconcer-ned•.

'""'.•... The indigenous ~oad shall be built in contiguoushomogenous CARP areas ser-ving the greatest nl.lmber-CARP far'mer"-beneficiar~es on a per- capita investmentper km basis and wher-e the greatest returnsinvestment are expected to be generated in terms

andofor-onof

•. t-,

i'ncr·emenWl vahle, of agr·icl..lltl..lral-;,Jpr'oduction fromfactors such as programmed and potenti~l areas for newcultivationi improvement of agricultural practic~s, andother facilities including infrastructure~' whereexisting road network facilities link farms to a levelof mino~ barangay roads only, with service afea trafficof' less than 50 vehicles per day; and where budgetaryconstraints limit the provi~ion of a standard barangayroad and there is an immediate need to open the area.

3. Indigenous, roads shall be, provided in cases where newconstruction or penetration roads are required in areaswhich are: (i) marginal in nature, e.g· hinterlands,social for'estry ar.eas, and uplands with slopes 7 to10 %; (ii) iparsely populated; (iii) currently servedby earth trails ~inking farms to barangay centers.

4. The indigenous roads shall be integrated into theoverall road network of the municip~lity and ,provin~eto provide ad~quate access of farms to transportfacilities, extension services, credit, markets, post-.production facilities, seed/plant nurseries, socialfacilities such as health andeducationi administrativefacilities, and socio-cultural centers.

Desian GuidelinesThe indigenous roads shall generally follow the guiding

design configuration of the DPWH shown in Annex B.

In general, the road ~hould have a one-lane travelwaywith a minimum width of 2.5 m· A shoulder ~f 0.5 M shall beprovided on each side of the road. The travelway shall havea gravel layer which is 150 mm thick which may be incre~seddepending on the strength of the subgrade material. Foradded protection, gravel layer shall be "feather edged" ove~the width of the shoulder. The maximum grade of the roadshall be a 7-10% on a 200 m longitudinal section· Otherdesignguiudelines are as follow~:

1• Cr'oss Section. /'

a. The finished profile should have a continous ~rossfallof 3% over the carriageway and'shoulder (Please referto Figure 1 of Annex B).

b. The gr'ave1 surface COI.u-·seshoul d be a minimum of 150 mmcompacted thickness at no less than 95% compaction.Shoulders shall be feather-edged with sUrfacing similarto the travelway. Allowance should be made forincl~easing the gr·avel thickness to 260 mm for' sectic:msconstr.ucted on weak soils (Soils Index 16-20 or' CBRless than 3%).

a.

c. The side ditch should be trapezoidal in se~tion tofacilitate easi excavation and clearing by hand shov~l(Please refer to Figure 2).

d. In sections of high fill (fill height more tha~ 1.0'm),shoulder widths .hould be increased to 1.0 m (Pleaserefer ~o Figure 3). Similarly for sections through rockdeep cut (cut height more than~2 m), the formationwidth should' be as shown in Figur'e 4 of' Anne>:· B.Superelevation should not be applie~. '

2. Dr'ainagea. Particular attention must be given to preven~ing scour

'and soil erosion, which can best be achieved bydischarging runoff into existing water courses or bythe provision of mitre/outlet ditches at frequentintervals, say every 10 m for slopes greater than 1 in10, .ther'eby r'educing the vo 11.lme of wa te,l"'to bedischarged through a single outlet. Further, slopesshall be grassed to protect ~gainst erosion.

b. In the likelihood of serious erosion scouring,checks should be provided or di~ches linedrefe~ to Figure 6).

3. Al i11nment

scour-(Please

a. Horizontal and vertical geometric standa~ds are notconsidered critical for' road construction of this type.In ~xceptional cases, however, such as in areas ofdifficult terrain, long sections, and whereappropriate, cross sections should be prepared.

b. Normally, the road should be located on theof an existing track and major realignmentavoided unless absolutely necessary·

ali9nmentshould be

,c. Curves should be set out with the largestradil.ls and the verti cal al i9nment shouldexisting ground level in order to minimize

./

practicablefollow the

ear·thwod~s•

d. Particular attention should be given to the location ofa str'eam and rivel-'cr'ossings, and to avoid,. wherepossible, areas subject to flooding and areas ofoutcropping rocks.

e. In hilly areas, areas involving deep cut and highembankment, which necessitates the hauling-of materialslongitudinally, should as much possible be avoided.

f. As vehi c'le opel~ating speeds ar'e not likely to exceed 30kph1 superelevation is not required~ Sections on steepgradients, however, should be coristructed with a singlec~ossfall (Please refer ~o Figure 4).

g. The ba~ic design guidelines for horizontal and verticalalignment are as follows;

Ter"r"ain

---------------------------FlatlF.:olling .. Hilly--------------~--------------------~------------~------

Horizontal Curves:Minimum Radius

Gradients:MinimumMaximum

40 m

2 %10 %

15 m

2 %15 %

h. Al ignments fail ing to meet t"t.esecri ter-ia shoul d beconsidered to be not technically feasible forconstruction using labor-based methods.

Turnouts shall be provided for passing for passing on asingle lane road when two-way traffic is anticipat~.These should be located on blind vertical andhorizontal curves and spaced so that the minimumdistance between passing bays is 300 m or more oftenwhen necessary to provide adequat. line of sight. Theseshould be intervisible wherever possible (Please r~ferto Figures 4 and 5).

Construction Method and Other Technical Aspect~In the construction of indigenous roads, labor-based

equipment-supported methods should be adopted. Essentially,bl.llldozer"sof the D-7, D-8, 065, 080" and/or, .0:::5 categoryshall be utilized in the prQcess· Such pieces of e4uiproentare ~vailabl~ fr6m the respective Regional and Area Shops ofOPWH field units and, ideally, provi~ces should have acomplement of at least one unit for, each DPWH district. Thisis r~adily realizable if down time or probability thatbulldozers are undergoing repair is minimized. Should theseb~ not available for ready deployment, or are facingtransport problems; then field,units may rent such equipm~ntfrom the private sector or else utilize alternate labor-based. methods using' locally available labor withequipment/tools, such as pedestrian op~rated vibratingrollers, vibrating plate compactors, animal-drawn steel drumroller, etc. augmented by manual construction techniques.

On a typical 1 km indigenous road project, it is

, ''..-

--.,/ ",,--,-;eitima~ed th~t a minimum of 25 to 30 iaborers will beneeded. This estimate already includes a for_man, anequi pment ·opepator, 3 to 5 masons/ cC\rpenter's, and about 19to 24 semi-skilled Br unskilled labopers.

Road design and tonstpuction C\ctivities should furtherconsider the following;a. The use of land, as well as engineering expenses should

be minimized.b. The greatest number of fapm lots should be made

accessible by locating such roads as much ~s possibleat right.angles with the sh~rtside of lot pC\rcels.

c. The design C\nd location of such roads should considergood operation and efficiency of agricultural machinesand farm access {supply of inputs arid carrying out ofproduce}.Whepe applicable, ther'e shol..lldexist a 'desirableof difference between the road and neighboringfields of at least 0.3 m·

levelpaddy

e. Attention should be given to design and construction ofdrainage ditches due to intense s~orms and typhoons inthe area·

f. Ro~d right-of-way must be fully ~cquired.

g. The affected communityproviding sufficientemployment will notproduction.

mus~ be willing and capabl·e~f.number of laborers whoseunduly impair agricultural

Implementation and Investment PlanThe Project is envisaged to be undertaken under a six

(6) year period starting in 1989 to 1994 and will entail aDestimated total Proje.ct cost of .about P 1,125.54 Million or'abol.\t 100 % of the CARP's estimated r'equir'ements in ,1988-1994 for the construction of new roads in CARP areasnationwide as identified by the .Department of AgrarianRefopm (DAR) and the Presidential Agrarian Refopm Council ..(PARC). The envisaged annual investment requirements,cQsting assumptions, and physi~al targets in km~ andbarangays is presented in Annex A.

-7I

v

ANNEX· AWork and Investment Plan

-------------------------------------------------------Year-

InvestmentRequi r-ements

Physical Targetskms------------------------------------------------------

1988 P 40.00 M 133 kms19:3', 8:3.80 2671990 121.00 3331991 159.72 4001992 175.69 4001993 257.68 53319',4 283.45 533~------------------------------------------------------TOTAL P 1,125.54 M 2,600 kms .•====.===========================:=======:r=================

Assl_lmptions:

.. /

1• Per km cost of P 300,000 in 1988 p~ices (See Annex B}.10 % provision for inflation and price escalation perannum from 1989 onwards.Comp'onent for" indigenol.ls v"oads set at. 100% of the 1988-1994 CARP allocation for constpuctionof new road~.Other' component compr'ises constr'l.Action of abol.lt 470 kill

of new all-weather- gl"'avel I-'oads (barangay r"oad standardcosting abol_lt P 800,000 per km in 1988 pr-ices) in 1995-1997 and requiring an investment outlay of about P974.51 Million in current prices •

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