DR. ACHESOX TO GET

SOME NEW WONDERS

t\rn Bfpnp Tn«v h*> unrolled and balanced by

rhe shot counterweight box."A seven-eighths inch rope, known as the

haul rope, has one end attached to the topof the counterweight box, passes over twosheaves hung: to the roof trusses, then

downward to a point below the stage flooraround two sheaves and up again, its otherend being attached to the lower end of thecounterweight box. Thus, since the scene

"The machinery consists of an elevating

rod or batten made of steel pipe sixty-six

feet long, to which the batten of a sceneroil is attached. The, elevating batten iscarried by five wire ropes, which, passing-over their respective sheaves or wheels,hung up under the roof trusses 124 feetabove the stage, are led to the south wallof the theatre over a single five-groovedbheave downward and attached to a coun-terweight box. This box is 3V4 Inches by

14\i inches m cross section and 6 feet

One of the most remarkable devices con-nected with the stage is the counterweightsystem for the raising and lowering ofecenery. Instead of relying for this pur-pose upon electric motors, which arenotoriously unsafe in time of fire and un-wieldly at all times, Mr. Hagen has in-vented an ingenious device, in which heuses srr.al' shot to balance the weight ofthe "drops" or scenery. Inexplaining thissystem Mr Hagen said:

utes. In 'The School for Scandal* we madesix changes in six minutes. These sceneswere so heavy that they had to be movedon trucks. '?:~.'::-

"We produced "Don* and 'Liz' wit) noIntermission between, them. 'Liz' is aone-act play, and as it is set complete,with "Don* on the r*vo!v!nK 'stage, wepass directly from Liz' to the first actof the longer play and have our inter-mission between the first and second actscf 'Don.*

"Til* sta*e Is not yet completed. WhenIt is we shall be able to produce startlingeffects. Ultimately we shall abolish thecurtain altogether and present a series ofacts without Interruption. The intermis-sion will be determined then by thoee intho audlcr.ee— when they are tired we shallpause while they go out for tea or apromenade.

"The stage will be so constructed thatwe shall be able to raise or lower anysection of It. separately or in conjunctionwith others. In fact, it is so constructednow, but in its complete form It is no*yet 5n working order. We can build a sceneen the first seven sections, for example,present It and then lower It Into the cellarto a sufficient depth so that the eighth sec-tion, on which a scene has been set. maybe driven forward sixty fe«t a minute to

the front of the stage. Each transversesection or cradle has its' lower section orbridge, and we can build scenes on both.

"For example. Nos. 5. 6, 7 and 8 bridges,Ift their cradles and top members, maybo lowered to a sufficient depth to allowcradles Nos. 1, 2. S and 4 to be movedto the back of the stage. Then bridgesNos. 1. 2, 3 and 4 may be screwed up untilthey are level with the permanent stagefloor, and on them we can set a scene. Asecond scene may be built on cradles Nos.1. 2. 3 and 4. When the scene upon thefirst four bridges is finished it is loweredinto the cellar: then cradles Nos. I, 2, 3and 4 are driven forward to occupy theiroriginal place, and bridges Nos. 5, 6. 7and 8 are screwed up. so that the wheelsof their respective cradles may be thrownon their trackways and a scene be builtupon them. These mechanical movementsmay be continued until the sections are Intheir original positions.

The revolving stage floor may be low-ered or raised a distance of thirty-two feet.There are trap doors which may be usedfor graves or for scenes such as one in•Antony and Cleopatra.*

"Each cradle is so constructed that itwill bear a load of five thousand poundsIn addition to its own weight. This meansa load of ninety pounds to the squarefoot."

'

MANY LIVES SACRIFICED BEC4USE OF FAULTY WATCHESWebb C. Ball Evolved a System Which Results in

Railroad Men Carrying Accurate Timekeepers.B' J«m«». B. Morrow.

DR. EDWARD G. ACHESON.

WEBB C. BALL.

A book could be written about Dr. Ache-son's accomplishments. Filter paper Ismade for the purpose of arresting solidbodies in liquids that flow through it. butDr. Acheson had discovered a process for"defloeculating" graphite and rendering it

\u25a0C line that It remains suspended In wateror oil, defying successfully the laws ofgravity, and when this graphite mixed with

water is poured into a filter paper it will

run throufb It without leaving a deposit

One day he discovered that when car-borundum was heated to a very high tem-perature decomposition occurred, the con-tained silicon being dissipated in vapor anda beautiful graphite left as a pseudomorphof the original crystals. This unexpecteddiscovery opened a new line nt thought andresearch to him. and ofter a long series ofexperiments he gave the world a processfor making graphite. This has resulted Inanother large industry at Niagara.

VARIED GRADES OF GRAPHITE.Then came other experiments, and he

soon determined that from particular formsof carbon graphite possessing certain def-inite chemical and physical properties couldbe made, so that in the process as it is op-erated to-day under the influence of theelectric current of Niagara It la possibleto Impart to each grade of graphite madethe qualities essential to successful use Inthe field to which it is to be applied.

His work compels tha expression of as-tonishment from those who realize that inan electric furnace of practically the samedesign ho determined how It was possibleto make the hardest known abrasive, aswell as the world's purest graphite, whichIs a lubricant, such results are revelationswhich have forced scientific men the worldover to admire and praise his work. Twiceho has received the John Scott medal. Thefamous Rumford medals were conferredupon him by the American Academy ofArts and Sciences, and now he will soonown the Perkln medal.

The present popularity of this abrasivewas not established without many upa anddowns on the part cf Its discoverer. Afterhe returned to Monongahela City he organ-

ized a company for its manufaetur- IIeven when the total production of this com-paratively small plant was not being mar-keted he conceived the idea of moving to

Niagara Falls, where he planned the erec-tion of a plant to consume 1,000 electricalhorsepower. This bold conception of thepossibilities of his new product so aston-ished the directors of his company thatevery one of them resigned, their argumentbeing that if the product of a small plantwas not consumed, certainly the productionof a larfe plant would be a drug on themarket. Dr. Acheson, however, had hisnerve with him, so to speak, and he movedth.- plant to Niagara Falls, where theprocess has developed one of the largestIndustries there.

the first saie made by Dr. Achecon was atthe approximate rate of more than $SuO,ooo

a ton.

VENEER OF GSAPHITE.The effect of oildag as a gas engine !»•

bricant is described as follows:The par-ticles of graphite carried in suspension lathe oil fillin all the Irregularities in themetal surfaces, giving them a veneer ofgraphite that renders them highly polishedand produces a fit between piston rings andcylinders that Is far better than can beobtained in any other way between ma-chined metal surfaces. "When the holla weand metal "points" have thus been equal-

ized the soft graphite mo v---.-\u25a0v ---.-\u25a0 within Itselfunder pressure and affords the most per-fect lubrication.

Oildag has been found equally efficientIn many other types of machinery beside*automobile engines. Aside from Its econ-omy of oil. increase of power and savingof the bearings themselves, it has provedwonderfully successful in cereal and textilemills where fires originating in hot bear-ings have always been a source of danger.

The use of oildag practically precludes thepossibility of a hot bearing, and conse-quently the new lubricant opens up a widefield of use In that direction.

Aquadag Is identical with oildag in itscomposition, save for the fact that distilledwater is used as the suspending medium In-stead of oil. Professor Mabery and otherscientists are optimistic cor •-— -< the fut-ure of aquadag. They point out that theworld's supply of crude oil is limited andsubject to exhaustion, and that the demandfor oil is increasing at a tremendous rate.The use of water in place of oil would ab-solutely preclude th* possibility of lire*originating in heated bearings.

The Perkln medal is named after 31rWilliam Henry Perkin. who was the dis-coverer of •:.• • HMI"mauve,'* by whichthe foundation was laid of the coal tar colorIndustry and a great stimulus given to th«study of organic chemistry. Ithas beenawarded to Dr. Ash— for hia scientificwork In the field of electro-chemistry by aJoint committee representing the Society ofChemical Industry, the American ChemicalSociety and the American Electro-ChemicalSociety. This joint committee met en De-cember 13, when the award was made, theformal presentation. to be as stated.

Each year the names of a number of menprominent in the scientific field are pre-sented fur the consideration of th* PerklnMedal Committee, and the award of the*medal to a man means the approbation ofhis work by his fellow chemists and fellowscientists, it being recognized that ... \u25a0 :r \u0084

philosophical mind works not for gold, batseeks science, which is more precious •:\u25a0*..goM. Thus, tha award of medals such asthis makes a man conscious of caving donasomething worth while and acts i.,a sumulus and Incentive to greater things.

This is the third time th* Perkln medalhas been awarded. The first time, in HOT.itwent to J. B. F. Uerreahos? for his workas a chemical engineer, and in 1304 it wtigiven to Dr. Arao B«hr for bis ooatrlbu-tioos to the ca«nisu-y of tha flucow IB*dustry. *

Oildag Is a mixture of mineral oil andDeflocculated Acheson Graphite, the initialletters of the three words being taken toform the queer sounding >iecond syllabls.Deflocculated graphite .5 graphite- reducedto a practical molecular condition, to whichform it remains suspended in oIL The sub-stance Is mixed with oil in the proportionof 0.35 of 1 per cent of the weight of the)

oil and is applied like any other lubricant.According to Professor Mabery. the new

lubricant will require only half tha quan-tity of material to produce a given resultthan is required without the use of graph-ite. He also believes that it will reducefriction at least 25 per cent, with an equiv-alent saving of power. He has tested oil-dag at the Case School, where the mostadvanced testing machinery Is available.In applying the oilda^ during a series ofexperiments conducted by Professor Ma-bery. it was found that the Acheaon dis-covery caused a deposit of graphite to fonain the bearing under observation, and whenthe supply of lubricant was shut o£C th«machine ran on for nearly two hours with-out heating or damage.

Other lubricants required a steady flowofoil to keep the machine running withoutdamage.

For use in automobiles, ollda? has beenfound to be of great advantage, increasingengine power and saving much to the bear-ings of the machines, particularly In tillclimbing. Tests conducted by the Auto-mobile Club of America demonstrated thatits use Increased the efficiency of the en-gines a little less than 10 per cent.

In illustrating: the relative amount ofgraphite contained In the lubricant. Profes-sor Maber; said that in three gallons ofoil a bit of graphite of one cubic inch, tabulk was sufficient.

OILDAG AND AQTJADAG.Oildag and aquadag. the peculiarly but

expressively named lubricants Invented by

Dr. Acheson. were explained in all detailsbefore the Society of Mechanical Engineersin the quarters of the Unit-.id EngineeringSociety, in 33th street, recently, by Charts*Frederic Mtbtry. professor of chemistry Inthe Case School of Applied Science, ofCleveland.

Oildag-, according to Professor Mabery. isrevolutionary. It decreases friction wher-ever it is applied to a bearing, and m de-creasing' friction increases available energyand accomplishes those result* at Jess ex-pense of money md material than any ofthe standard lubncanta.

on the paper. This has resulted In thatnew word "deflocculmte" ksoddns far ad-mittance to the new dictioaartaa. when Itwill soon have a place. Scientists have al-ways known that nature left all materialsflocculated, but they aeem to have over-looked the possibility of -deft •c:a.v.onuntil their attention was called to the mat-ter by Dr. Acheson's discoveries.

It baa required a bold thinker, a mas mtoriginalmind, todo the things this man has\u25a0wmilished. for in non« of his wo-- -^-

-vhich has made his life's record •>wonderful story, can it be said that he ha*followed the path of research biased by an-other He will be flfty-four years eld c*March 0, and he has a wife and nine chil-dren.

weeks. The watches that Iapprove areadjusted to temperature, ranging from 30degrees to 95 degrees, because the balancewheels of brass and steel change withheatand cold. They are also adjusted to fivedifferent positions. All standard railroadwatches must contain at least seventeenJewels; some are made with nineteen andsoma with twenty-one jewels

—any morethan twenty-one would be useless. A watchmanufacturer, several years ago, adver-tised twenty-six jewels—he screwed in theextra Jewels as a tailor might sew extraand unneeded buttons on a coat. His talksounded well and his watch looked rathergay. but the 30 cents' worth of additionalJewels that he sold to railroad men for $9were of no utility whatever. Ihad a longflffht with him, but Icompelled him toconform to my requirements.

"The Jewels of a watch," Mr. Ball ex-plained, "are its bearings. They are madeof rubies or white sapphires, and the holesin some of them are so small that theycannot be seen with the naked eye. Mostof them come from Switzerland, the an-cient centre of the watchmaker's guild.where the fine touches of the art arepassed on from father to son, generationafter generation.

'Americans are too im-

patient and in too much of a hurry to boreinvisible holes In rubles and white sap-phires that are smaller than the head of apin. Besides, the wages of the Swls watcn-maker average only 71-3 cents an hour.

"We annually buy about $2,500,000 ofSwiss watches and watch parts, theenamelled cases from that country beingespecially artistic and the main springsand dials being unusually good. Certainparts of the best Swiss watches are stillmade by hand, both in the homes of theworkmen and at the numerous factoriesin the cantons of Berne and Neuchatel.But American watches are the best forrailroad use. because they are less com-plicated and ktep Just as accurate time.Our clocks are unquestionably the finestin the world, although the Germans makea clock that sells for $1,508.

""Watches were never so cheap as nowand never so accurate." Mr. Ball said. "Iam sure that the standards Ihave estab-lished for railroad purposes have greatlyhelped to bring the American watch to Itspresent state of regularity and precision,which is good for the man who stays athome, but is Infinitely better for the manwho travels."

(Copyright. 1910. by James B. Morrow.)

AGAINST CARELESS SHOOTING.There is already a law in Maine for

th* punishment of persons who mistakeanother for a deer or other game and shootthem. The trouble is that it has beenpermitted to become a dead letter Itisbelieved by many that If this law were tobe called Into action thera would be amarked decrease in the, number of these"thought it was a deer" cases. That thereIs some reason for such feeling is shownby the results which have come from theattitude which two county attorneys inthe state took toward the frequent rail-road wrecks i-esultlng in death of em-ployes. They brought some indictmentsThe cases were tried, and while no onewas convicted there was an immediatestopping of the take chances, carelessmethods which had been In vogue.—Lewis-ton Journal.

DOMESTIC FORECAST.Missus— Cloudy and threatening.Miss- Dull n morning; very fair in af-

ternoon and evening.Baby—Squally.Butler— Unsteady. \u0084;,.Warnings from cook and housemaid.——Judge.

&K2EO, Jan. in.— unseen man, whose•\u25a0\u25a0*\u25a0 Imentioned, has made, perhaps, noiminniuij,is };.?:;. ; the green lights, the**clights and the red lights, the wooden£2* that reach across the tracks, the rail\u25a0**»». the car builders and the trainCatchers to make travel both swift and*«'\u25a0:\u25a0 day and night.Itnay be. in the way of protecting life

**S 'ithe patter of saving legs and arms,*to mention heads, necks and backs,!*«TFetb C. Ball, time expert on 125.000tßm of railroads, is beating all the hos-*•"ia the United States and most of*

doctors. boMca. Itmay be.Ifone watch were thirty seconds slow

fcJan, itTvould make no appreciable dir-

'r^- to the routine of one's pleasure or**•\u25a0• Measured in feet, however, thir-ty leoil*« e<;ual half a mile and more to«t fc*omot;v» engineer of a high velocity•**' or a twentieth century flyer. A

•He either way from the approximate15=1 of the running schedule might mean**!randr*d uv« and & property loss of\u25a0»=> thousands of dollars.**•Mr* Bair* duty to see that th«

*"\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 of *-nsineers and conductors from**York to San Francisco and from CM>

B Ntw Orleans are «so nearly exact

"J^5 \u25a0 and month out that sidewiping|*3 »«li«ions, bead-en and from behind,*•"ieant theoretically impossible if or-

\u25a0\u25a0» «re obeyed and signal* are rightly\u25a0« «•* not disregarded. Nearly all ther^railway systems of the United States

£•* ?ct the technical details of their time£» -is aanagenaant. He ha« offices In,

"t"*o*'0*'Chicago and San Franciteo, and"*«««a3U are travelling the country

u.r^^y- of course, some man would-wght•« his scheme of watch and

Ip/ \u25a0\u25a0Nction— some other man thanV- w

*«K!dhave invented the telegraph—

*5«hL Basl alone as a pioneer belongsBesor °*

Its conception and i>erfectlon.j^'Cea did you begin," Iasked, "to resru-

\u25a0* batches and clocks of railways?'

k~ WATCH caused wreck.*xkt^

'I*so *\u25a0-'' "-C there was a. bad\u25a0Z?, **

tie ljkk* Shore & Michigan

"TV. R*llroad." Mr. Ball answered.

ct^i-5t* A accommodation train was

...^*' -

At Elyria. twenty-Sve mile*ii£ £*Te!isd. the engineer and the con--., °* °**

accommodation were giventw,

* let the **« mall past them atS*T*,.. eaail station west of Ob«r!ln,

*»«»Ilt"

ty town. A the accommoda-<t*t»H VV_ * the "station at Klyria thel«rbri

\u25a0 •aerator ran to the platform andfijS loaed th* engineer and con-

!H-LVthmj*h both men had been given„ "we m writing."

<!*ooirer^*' th« operatcr shouted.- 'X«.

-i /'-^ thußf'er.* the conductor calledJ fcn«w Ky bu-ne-B _.

>l«ll«l«fcJ£c ttm* th tpain 1*" Elyna**" L ed with *•» fast mail at Klp-

•»* A,JOnductor' as he admitted a£t«r-

*"*n.hJ**1"***

his w»lch out of his«*« ••„ m

MMthat !»*!»* \u25a0uppo«d the «n-"fctttr,

''"£mt for No

- <• But the**°a*.*'*'*

'\u25a0 *'"I"I(*"- tour minutes, and"**+*running »s;ain, a ma* matter

"A filled case— that is, a case with asheet of gold on the outside thick enoughto wear for twenty years—and *standard movement can be bought for I*o.Fifteen years ago such a watch wouldhave cost $86. There are many thousandsof watches of the kind Ihave describedthat will not vary tea .. eondi la twe

"The Pennsylvania Railroad made suchan experiment, but gave it up. Men werecareless with the watches, and in someinstances took them to pawnshops. Therailroad employe Is never compelled to sup-ply any of the tools with which he works.In that respect he is favored over thecarpenter, the mason and th" ordinary me-chanic. It Is believed, however, that heought to own a watch, and, being his per-sonal property, he will take care of It andhave a pride In it. Isee that he is notovercharged: that he can pay his debt ininstalments, and that his repair bills arealways reasonable."

••What does a standard railroad watchcost?"

"Would it be practicable for railways tobuy good watches and to issue them to Itsmen whenever they go on duty?" IIn-quired.

SOMETIMES READS WRONG."Occasionally an accident occurs because

an engineer with a closed watch removesthe case that is over the dial that he maysee the hands and face and know the timeat a hurried glance. The stem of an open-faced watch, you understand, is oppositethe figure 12. while in a closed watch itis opposite the figure 3. Thus, If an en-gineer forgets himself, he may wronglyread his dial, and serious trouble is almostsure to follow. Not long ago a freight en-gineer with a watch so changed mixed hishands and his figures and made a mistakeof fifteen minutes. Rounding a curve, hewent head-on into another train, with fatalresults to several employes and the wreckof two engines."

"An assistant whom Isent over the roadas a telegraph operator In search of a sit-uation learned that the clock at the operat-ing headquarterH was forty-five y»Rra old.Indeed, the clocks at telegraph stations andsignal towers up a:id down the line and onali the branches were absolutely Impossiblefor the purposes intended. The watches ofthe conductor? and engineers were almostas bad. Ithrew away the clocks and con-demned the watches, and If orders areobeyed there will be no more collisions onthat particular road. The accident alsocost tho lire of the general manager of thecempany. He died soon afterward of abroken heart.

"No one will ever know," Mr. Ball con-tinued, "how many people have been killedbecause of worthless watcher. In the olddays, when watches went by hitches andjerks and there was no attempt at time in-spection, the causes of accidents were cov-ered up or denied altogether, and the pub-lic had to be satisfied with nothing moredefinite than Its own guessing Only re-cently several persons ware killed In acollision because ihe. engineer was runninj;his train by a watch borrowed that morn-ing from a femalo member of his house-hold.

Then the officers ot the road fired him andsent for me. Several years ago forty pas-sengers were killed on one of the biggestrailways in the country. It was a casewhere the watches of the engineers andconductors did not agree, and all werewrong. Iguess. Iwas called by telegraphto organize tiie line.

of life and death of which he was uncon-scious. There were several stations be-tween E!yria and Klpton. but the en-gineer pounded slowly along In the be-lief that he had time to spare. Leaving

Oberlin. he supposed he had seven minutesin which to reach the meeting point. Ofcourse, he had only three minutes. Hadthe conductor looked at his own watch, hecould have prevented the accident.

"The trains came together at Klpton, thefast mall at full speed and the accommo-dation under brakes, because it was near-Ing the station. The engineers of bothtrains were killed, ;ind the dead bodies ofnine clerks w«-r% taken from the kindling

wood and broken iron of the postal cars.The railroad hustalned a heavy loss inproperty, and a large quantity of mail mat-ter was either lost or destroyed. There- wasan official inquiry into the wreck, and thecoroner of Lioraln County summoned me asa witness— as an expert in watches, Imightsay. The ease was finally carried into theUnited States court at Toledo, and Iwentthere several times to testify.

FINDS VARIABLE TIME."Returning tc Cleveland on one occasion

with John Newell, president of the I^akeBhore road, and William H. Cannlff. thesuperintendent, Isuggested a plan of watchinspection. The Klpton acident proved

that the watch cf one of the engineers wasunreliable, and that the conductor of theaccommodation train had neglected hisbusiness. A meeting of the operating of-ficers of the railway was held soon after,

and Iwas authorized to get up a. schemeof inspection and ai*n to investigate con-ditions on al! the important lines east ofChicago.

"I found that the conductors on thefreight train* of trunk lines were depend-ing on cheap alarm clocks hung on nailsIn their cabooses. Many merchants atthat period were giving away bad watcheswith suits of clothing and furnishing

goods, and engineers and conductors hadsuch watches In their pocket*, and wereactually running trains by them, to themenace of human life and property. Someof the clocks in roundhouses and in traindispatchers' offices hadn't been cleaned,

.- •\u25a0;....:. or regulated for years. The rulethen

—and Isuppose it prevented many

frightful wreck*—

was to five conductorsend engineers five minutes extra on theirorder*; that is to say, a train due at 10o'clock would be safe ifit arrived at 10:05or 9:55 o'clock.

"If one of the fastest limited trainsnow running on two roads from New Yorkto Chicago la thirty seconds oft its time,

the conductor must report the fact at thelirst stop. Itimed a fait train not longago. >We left Chicago on the dot, and kept

on the dot to Elkhart, Ind., thence to To-ledo, thence to Cleveland, thence to Erie,I'enn.; thence to Buffalo, thence to Syra-cuse, thence to Albany, thence to Spring-

field. Mass., and finally to Boston, wherewe arrived on the second, after travellinghundreds of mile* and changing engineersand engines eight different times. Ihope

Iam not Inbad taste when Inay that thewatches of the ten engineers and ten con-ductors «f that train were regulated andInspected by my own men. Withoutwatches of absolute precision, and depend-able watches at that, eightecn-hour trains

"Do all railroads have similar schemesof time inspection?" 1 asked."Isupine bo. A man, copying some of

the feature* ot my plan, got on to un im-runt road not long ago, and cold twelve

\u25a0 MM watches to the employes, gettingUS apiece for watches that cost him JS.

"As the schime developed, Ipassed uponctrtain kind* of wc.tcrtes. The manufactur-ers who had to be excluded from the ac-cepted list threatened to sue me for dam-ages, and for several years Ihud to endureall sorts of slanders an-! decline a goodmany benevolent suggestions. Inow ap-prove of thirty-se\en different kinds ofwatches that are manufactured in eightseparate establishments."

between Chicago and New York would bean impossible achievement.

"But Ihave wandered away from myBtory." Mr. Ball went on to say. "Afteran investigation that covered four monthsIgot my plans concretely formed and put

them into operation. Local time Inspect-ors, the best mechanics obtainable, wereappointed at the er.d of every division onthe Lake Shore road. Conductors and en-gineers were required to have theirwatches examined every two weeks. Ifawatch fell behind or gained thirty secondsin fourteen days it had to be repaired orregulated immediately. Small cards weregivt-n to the engineers and conductors andcomplete records of their watches werewritten down in ink at least once in twoweeks by the official inspectors.

"Since then necescary details have beenadded to the plan, but the fundamental re-quirements have not been changed. Evory

conductor and engineer on the 125,000 milesof railroads wnere the plan is operative

carries a li'tle ca^d Inhis pocket containinga full description of his watch and atechnical history of Its fortnightly perform-

ances. When he leaves Ills watch for re-pairs or regulation the Inspector gives hima 'loaiitr watch.' as it is called, that isguaranteed to keep time to the fraction ofa second.

STAGE OF THE NEW THEATRE A TRIUMPH OF INGENUITY!

NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, SUNDAY, JANUARY 16, 1010.

A VIEW BEHIND THE SCENES.Showing steel cables used for raising and lowering the New Theatre scenery.

BTEEL CRADLES SUPPORTING THE GREAT SPINNING STAGE OF THE NEW THEATRE.

long. It runs down a v»itical shaft 117 feetlong. Mechanism is provided by whichshot may be dropped into the counter-weight box at wi'l. By adding shot to thecounterweight box the additional weight

will raise the elevating batten, unrollingpart of the scene roll !*ring on the stageuntil a balance is restored. Thus the en-

STAGE OF THE NEW THEATRE,SHOWING REVOLVING STAGE,WITH TRANSVERSE SECTIONSIN THE CENTRE.

conclusions were that If his correspond-

ent had discovered a method of making

diamonds he had little use for furtherinformation, whereas if he had not dis-covered anything new there was no usewasting time over it in discussion.

"Why should Iseek a. method for mak-ing diamonds?" was Dr. Acheson's ques-tion. "IfIsucceeded Iwould do nothingbut depreciate the value of all stones ofthis character the world now has. I'imvery sure they would not thank me forthis. The world does not need more dia-monds. Iwant the work of my life tostand for something better."

MADE OF SAND AND SAWDUST.Dr. Acheson's first discovery was car-

borundum, which product he gave to theworld in March. 1891. He was then liv-ing and working in Monongahela City.Perm., where he used a dynamo of an elec-tric light plant to carry on his experi-ments. The furnace he used was whollynew, while the raw materials were sand,

coke and sawdust. Just what warrant hehad for thinking these crude ingredientsmight have various of their qualitiesmerged into a product that would be use-ful to the world is not known, but hecombined the raw materials in such a\u25a0way under the operation of his electricfurnace that when he opened the furnacefor investigation he found minute par-

ticles of a very hard substance.He recognized that it would make an ideal

abrasive, and with the world's productionat that time In a small vial in his waist-coat pocket he hurried off to New York,

where he sold it at 30 cents a carat, orabout |60 In all, and with the proceeds hepurchased a microscope to assist him inthe further study of the material. To-day

the production of carborundum amounts to

about ten million pounds a year, whichsells at about 10 cent 3a pound, whereas

Machinery Cost More Than a Quarter of aDollars and Contains More Than

One Million Pounds of Steel._.MC «age at The

•*•Theatre* and ret. tn

»5 Wd£S^ort **\u25a0 device of |£p wf^^VZM vis Bbctr-fecr feet Ja

tfM^J^olvesino^mlnut*. It***•"'*££** transverse bettors andW# °L!Lw%elShlns altogether \u25a0*\u25a0

»ar *??Srt are more than on* million

I*00*42 PJJLi in th* «««• machinery

I****?ttlt<T»lre« '» horsepower » put

»' £̂n o"crSon. Tbe cost of the »t«e

invention of CUude U Haren.

tfk-rctor of Tbe New Theatre.

•-T^tiiaaid:for Tribune read-

««tr«volvinc stage was in uw

\u25a0^tlTirWWth century by the Japan-

*-*!?*« merely a round turntable."\u25a0 JL various modifications have been

SSSSftS of The New Theatre bidfStct*^ inasmuch as it revive.,*

fc»clc«rf and forward, or trans-

fer «* bp and down, as a whole or In**"V^«Lopermit* secttona of the trans-•*"1Z to be dropped and the rest

«So- to *« ooesed 80 as tO fOrm

yj^atf»rou<ii which to lower whole

•JT^m «r underMnx stage conwsts of

ZSii. each 7 by 46 feet. Each one

***"Tln*enito ererated by a vertical

!^Tit*esch end so .rr«ne«i •« to work

rTcsit or a, a whole. The transverse

*LL> £(»,»» of the «mc number or

iSTan each end » arranged as to en-

i«Vj»or be disengaged from a track-

!T<» »* side of the stage. Each one

-•ie«e ari«bers is iuppUed with its ownIZ, power. pneumatic drops, switches

\u0084d "telltales, for tie purpose of cafsty and

l^tf-J:? their positions. On the top of

vc trjifve-fc sections are «0 radial rollers.;,-h polntias li»• exact centre of the re,:vn; sta?e 2ocr.

X& -vchinr »taife coor consists of

,tiiettlßMi T I>.V tf feet each - Tjaese Eec "

t -\f » keo not and as a revolving; floor.tern-dse 1 tap fleer of the transverse sec-

tins. At mA side c'

the sauare formed

\ ;!•« c:;ht ssctlcr.s is the segment

t sTh. whea locked tczether with the eight

« issverse >tctjcns. Mm a. circular slab¥ ft, in '.iMaeter and 4:iInches in thick-r*s*. wo «eae» =ar be built upon this

|.UT*-cre facing the audience and on- fac-

lr.f*th« baefc wall. Wben the first scene Istrrcush. the stage can then be revolved,

tirirta? the weesd ecene to face the aufil-

nm. \txtr which the first scene can then

fee takes from its dace and the third scene

WAITS ALMOST ELIMINATED.•Th« «afe MtM« us to reduce to a

BUM tie time between scenes. inm fsr M we are concerned, we couldpniae* tbe wanes one after another with-es an appreciable wait—that is. when alltie scenes are set beforehand. The onlyttiag timl wt have to do in such casesit to pot in a new backing or a drop torake each scene complete. In -Antonyud Cleopatra the palace scene was soicge that we could not revolve the stag*

It the rase of 'Strife' the four scenes werem complete beforehand, each scene tak-at up approximately one-quarter of theeast One advantage of this scheme istit the audience can look through a door-ny from one scene into another, therebyfriar a more natural and comprehensivewr of it*setting of the play."Ifce piss at The New Theatre is to

\u25a0die 4 performance into two parts, withtlac iKermtssion of fifteen or twenty\u25a0mm i. The time between the acts in\u25a0eh <Bvijicn Is from one to three rain-

This system is delicately adjusted and sosimple that in case of fire 125 drops can belowered in two minutes and the scenery re-moved from the danger zone.

and counterweight box are in perfect bal-ance, the scene can be readily movad upor down by means of the haul rope.

"To the bottom of the counterweight boxi*secured a valvo, which, when opened, millcause the shot to run out of a long tankabove, gradually changing the relation ofbalance between scene and box, causing thescene to drop slowly. A rope attached tothis valve runs upward to the top of thecounterweight shaft, over a sheave anddownward to a point below the atage,around a sheave and up through the shafttc the valve. By means of this continuousrope the valve of the counterweight boxcan be controlled from any level at alltimes. There are 125 sets of counterweightunits.

"Aiiove the top of the 125 vertical coun-terweight shafts is placed, horizontally, asheet metal trough, which »s provided withan opening and controlling valve nboveeach shaft. This trough is kept suppliedwith shot, uniformly distributed.

"The lower end of the counterweightshaft beneath the stage opens into a largechamber, into which all shot discharged

from the counterweight boxes flown. Thebottom of this chamber is pitched fromeither end toward the centre, so as to con-centrate the shot there and deliver Itthrough a spout to an elevator boot.

"A scoop bucket elevator raises one thou-sand pounds of shot a minute a distance of135 feet, where it is discharged into two in-clined chutes directly over the horizontalshot trough."

4. The direct reduction of aluminum.5. The production of ailoxicon, a com-

pound of silicon, carbon and oxygen.8. The defloccuiation of non-fuaed, non-

soluble, non-metallic bodies.7. The production of aquadag and oildag,

products of high lubricating value.Dr. Acheson is said to b« the world's

greatest electric furnace expert, but whileothers have thought of the electric fur-nace as a source of production of dia-monds, he has applied its force and mys-teries to the development of productsbeneficial to mankind and industry.

An interesting little anecdote is told ofhim which portrays his sentiments rela-tive to making diamonds artificially. Onewho knew of his research wrote him athis laboratory, at Ni.i«?t.ra Falls, N*. V.saying that he had discovered a processfor making diamonds, but before givingIt to the worid he desired to visit himand compare notes, as it were. Dr. Ache-eon was very busy at the time and his

2. The transformation of non-graphitic

carbon into graphitic carbon.3. The direct reduction of metallic sili-

con.

Dr. Edward G. Aeheson, who will re-ceive on Friday evening, January 21, at theChemist*' Club, In West Fifty-fifth street,

the famous Perkin medal, has many timesastonished the scientific world by his dis-coveries and inventions. He is consideredthe pioneer worker in synthetic electro-chemistry, the record he has made beingbriefly summed up in these paragraphs:

1. Th; formation of carbides in theelectric furnace, as typified by carborun-dum.

tionary'Lubricant Products

of His Furnace.

Hardest Abrasive and "Revolu-

MEDAL FOR THEM.