of influence (fig. 36 - university of the...
TRANSCRIPT
16-
*tvj capital, Pretoria, only jO uilos to tho north, arȣ by the
->attom of road and r iii Hnk8« Su-'oral zonos differing in inton-
'uity of relations outwards ^ron tho focus nay be idantifiad in tho
light of thu criteria used in this study of Johannos burg1 s sphere
of influence (FIG. 36)
1. THE CORE.
Ore tor Johann sburg forms thu coro of tho various
-5onoe of i. fluonco. In It are located the Control Business Dis
trict and industrial ar. of Johannesburg. Its limit It
:'n terms of tic rot .il enppj.^ ar^a (FIG. 10), tho intensity of
roa1 traffio flow ( F I c - o ) , ml in toms o*. tho administration of
tho coro, -in?v by thu loo .1 City Council. Tho coro is, there
fore, economic »Jly. socially and .:. tr.vfc< voiy tio<l together.
The euro does net oor.form to Dickinson's "Urban Tract1', osoeeially
to tho oast and wost because of thu proximity of East ind '.Vest
Rand towns, linoo tho built-up iroas of thoc 0 towns arc contiguous,
2. CITY SETTLEMENT ZONE.
Surrounding thu euro ic thu c i t y oettlonunt aono, whloh
sxtonds frora iioorlopoort in tho wont Sjnoni in tho ociotj and^
tfc re fore, coincides with L .P . Green* *' inner metropolitan zone
(FIG . 2 1 ) . It has close economic, administrative and social
tios with tho coro. Those ties are reflc-Had in tho large number
of poo pio of this zone coning in Jdily contaot with the coro for
lurposco of work end shopping. Functionally tho c?ty settlement
area is r.ot cemplotcly dependent on tho focus since in its con
fines are loo..tod several of Jouth Africa's major urban concon-
trations, oaoh of which acts as a distinct commercial and indus
trial focus. Those foci are, however, subordinate to Johannos-
turg. In the south the zone reflects an intensification of
a*ricultural practices which are focused on tho requirements of
. . . /the
133
INNER TRADE ZONE.
The inner t r a ,. zone incorporates (a) Green's outer
metropolitan zone, t; at is from Ramlfontein to Springs and
(b) the reat of the Southern Tranovaal ,
enclosed by i line through Carletonvillej Sasolburg, Balfour,
Delmao, Pretoria and Krugeradorp. It is identified in terms of
its intensity of traffic flow, motor vehicles and rail transport,
fro uont contact with the hub and by the soveral administrative
bodies exorcising jurisdiction (FIG, 20 ), and oy its particular
land u3© pattern (FIG. 16), - dairying, hortiorlture and tho
rearing c f liveatook for slaughtering. In this zono tho largest
percentage of newspaper8 ia ao-td (FI */3. 7 and 8) and it is cha—
racterised by intricate power in1. . it .r supply networks (F IG .19).
It is further characterised by geld mining uovelopment and by
large acalo inductrial development, especially iron snd steel and
heavy engineering, aa well as by the development of an expanding
chemical industry, e .g . , oasolbur ;.
This zeno oxtends to about 35 to 60 riles from the focus
while the maximum travelling time is in the vicinity of 100 minutws
( F l u . 28), and in extent it is similar to Bogue'a "zone of inter
change", and Dickinson’ s "city trade area".
4 , IN TE R ST A TE TRADE iu-jD Sel’H.,Y
The intermediate trade and supply zone, characterised
by e x c e l l e n t road and rail links w i t h Johannesburg, includes tho
. . ./Transvaal
.iransvaal south of Pretoria from the Transvaal - Caoe border to
Swaziland ind the Northern Orange Free State. Primarily it is
an agricultural area. It may be aub-divided into five zones.
(a) The sub-division comprises the Central Western
Transvaal and tho Central Eastern Transvaal and extends from the ou
ter boundary of tho inner trade zone to about 120 to 130 mi^es from
Johannesburg. The western zone incorporates the secondary milk sup
ply zone (FIG. 12) and has strong ties A'itn tho focus ads is reflected
by daily nowspaper-sales (PIG. 7) and administrative jurisdiction
(FIG. 2 0 ), and is also an important livestock suonly zone (FIG. I l ) ,
Tho eastern zona is delimited on the same basis but the ties with
the foous arc slightly weaker. The eastern zone is, however, the
major su 'Olier of coal to the Southern Transvaal.
(b) Zone 4b is the Northern Orange Free State which has
strong ties with tho fccus, as is illustrated by newspaper-sales, by
its importance as an area supplying animals for slaughter in Johan
nesburg and as i 3 suggested by the analysis of telenbone calls
(FIG. 9 ) . Tho zone includes the O .F .S . Goldfields which have
3trong economic and financial links with Johannesburg.
(c) The South-Western Transvaal is defined in terms of
its importance as a livestock supply zone, a nowsnaper-sales zono
and by its administrative links with tho hub.
(d) The Far Eautom Transvaal falls under the admini
trative jurisdiction of Johannesburg as regards three "Direct
Service” state departments and is a relatively important newspaper-
sales zone.
(e) This sub-division incorporates the Northern Trans
vaal. It includes several important but separate livestock suoply
zones and is an important supplier of agricultural nroduce of which
the Transvaal Lowvcla and tho Nort-Eastern Transvaal are major con
tributors (TABLE 18). Tha whole zone ia an important sales-zone
for J o h a n n e s b u r g 's daily newspapers. The study of livestock
/revealed
185
revealed ths+ Jtioas of this zone arc centred more on Pretoria
than on .johrr Although not analysed in detail, many more
criteria vvor :vea] this zone's relationships with Pretoria. It
is +'. as a zone which illustrates a considerable overlap of the
influence spheres of two adjacent metropolises.
5 OUTER TRADE AND SUPPLY ZONE.
Phi 3 zone incorporates th.v remaining ar:as of South
Africa as veil a3 the neighbouring territories* of Rhodesia, Mocam-
bique, Swaziland, Basutoland, Bechuanalanl, and South West Africa.
The relationships which such a large area have with Johannesburg
obviouuly vary greatly* Portions of the zone are included in the
Johannesburg wholee ale trade sphere; others, e .g . , tho Northern
and Central Cape, are primary livestock supply regions ( sheep)j
the South-V. os tern Cape supplies fruit 5 raw materials for Johannos-
bur '* B industries come from a large number of localities; closo
tie", exist with the Natal Coast whero Durban is tho Southern
T 'ansva ]' major import and export harbour; Non-./hitee aro
attracted from Va.r and wide to be employed on tho gold mines.
Because of the national ai.d international coverage of
this zone it incorporate*, the national sphere of influence of all
South African metropolises and major towns ae well as those of
tho major centres of the territories bordering onto South Africa.
6, D ISTANT TRADE AND SUPPLY ZONE..
The outer limits of Johannesburgs sohere of influence
are markod by the distant trade and supply zone. Inoluded m it
are tho countries of Africa and the world with which Johannesburg
,as some link. T h e zone is r e c o g n i s e d in t.ermn of its imoortanco
as a supplier of unprocessed and processed materials and goods to
Johannes! market for Johannesburg*0 export goods. The
links which J o h a n n e s b u r g have with those international areas ..re
also r e f l e c t e d by the air traffic to and from Jan Smuts airoort
186
Tho final pattern which ora rgcs as regards Johannesburg’ s
sphere of influence is one of concentric zoning, though tho zoning
ho somewhat irregular. Tho effect of Pretoria's proximity to
Johannesbur.; is ovident in that tho Transvaal north of Pretoria
(4>-) does not Ion 1 itself to subdivision as was the case in tho
rest of the intermediate trado md supply area (4a-d).
As Johannesburg's influence diminishes outward fron the
core, tho aro’-l coverage of tho zonos increase thereby indicating a
weakening of the relations and links between Johanncaburg and the
surrounding zonos ar.d tho over-increasing transitional nature of
the zonal boundaries.
Expansion is continually taking nlace, and as urban
centres develop their funct onal structure and oopulation alter
and accordingly the intr* • ut .rd influences change,
sphere of Joh-nnosburg as determined here is only its sphere as at
a partioul r ti". in history ( 1960-65) . Evon during this period
sphor-.a 1 .V' iltorei *s regards specific criteria an- with oach
alt >t ition of a criterion which may be used to iolimit a sphere,
th-- influence sphoro of Johanncaburj is modified.
■fi.aroao tho .iitwatorsrand is -tlli “tjr separate^
frof! tho Pretoria -md Vorooriiging urban oorp. appears that
with tho oxp-malon of those oores specially along tho major tians-
port routes they will merge into one laro'o urban complex or mogalo-
polia with JohMiiw t omin .n- ..ui. •’»: * » . .
no longer I. -v, a separate sphor,, of influence ,.3 exist, today.
Tho value of a study of this nature lies in its de
termination of the interrelationships betwoon a metroDolle and
Its surrounding urban and rural landscape as at a particular time
or joriod in history and crcvidos tho basis for comparative studies
at some stage in the future when those relationships will have
altered. It is tho study of those relationships which oasts light
on tho man, aspect's of man's organisation of space.
187
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South African Railways. Western Transvaal System.
Shoot 3 . v1963)•
Topo-C i l .3tr .1 Series 1 250,000, Shoot 11 Liohtenburg (,19h l)Shout 12 Pretoria, (1954), Sheet 13 Mi idolburg (1938),Sheet 18 Klerk ado rp (1938), Sheet 19 Kroonr.tad ,193b),
Sheet 20 Sow Castle (1946). (Government Printer;.
Traffio Volumes on Perimeter of l.unioi-al Area. Johannesburg City Engineer* a Bepartr ont. Dra.vin,--: No. -01/lu ^19^3,.
FIG. 24 : JOHANNESBURG - INCOMING MUNICIPAL BUSc« r •
3 6
/\
\ N 0 R T H N Z 0 N
CR Ai O H A c l N̂
/ V
V./
6 m
- A
*
# \
/
/
L I N D E N
\ R O S i B A N K
/
//■
N
\/
4.O R A N G E GROVE
✓2 m
\\ §
N U M B E R OF B J S E S
• 1 - 9
• 1 0 - 1 9
• 2 0 - 2 9
3 0 - 3 9
4 J -- *4 J
5 v — 59
6 0 - 6 *
W E S T E R N Z O N E
B R I X T ON
• •
#
MALVERN
E A S T E R N Z O N E
t#
*
s o u t h e r n z o n e
j R f - O N T E l N
90 — 99
Mil F
ZONES:
I
IIIIIIVV
C A T T L E 8 . /or C A L V E S . S H E E P PIGS
C A T T L E 8 , /or CALVES. P I G S
C A T T L E & lor CALVES
S H E E H
PI G S
Author Hattingh Phillippus Stefanus
Name of thesis Johannesburg's sphere of influence. 1966
PUBLISHER: University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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