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POSITION -SENSITIVE DETECTORS

FOR APPLICATIONS

IN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

AND IN TL-RADIOCHROMATOGRAPHY

lJy6H8 1988

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~ETEKTOPW H306PAEHH~

IMAGING DETECTORS

I~

The automatic position-sensitive detectors of ionizing radiation are widely used for many inshyvestigations in the field of biology medicine asshytronomy etc The application of position-sensishytive detectors allows one to reduce the radiation dose and to accelerate the research

Now a wide project is being realized at the Laboratory of High Energies JINR in collaborashytion with other institutes of the JINR member states on the development of imaging detectors for the structure analysis by means of X-ray and neutron radiation and for studies where the area distribution of radioisotopes is the object of inteshyrest

The typical imaging-detector system consists of ~

- a gaseous multiwire chamber with delay line readout of coordinate information

- read-out electronics (developed in CAMAC standard)

- a microcomputer (PC computer) - software for data acquisition and data vishy

sualization allowing as well to control the whole device

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DETECTORS FOR ROENTGENOSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS

The 2-D detector has been constructed for protein crystallography to perform quasi-simulshytaneous measurements of many reflections The efficiency of these 2-D diffractometer is higher than that of a single-channel one by a factor of 50

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READOUT SYSTEM

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T-D CONVERTER

DERANOOMIZER

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CONTROl UN ITE

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The reduction of exposure time makes it possible to study radiation-nonresistant proshy

teins smaIl crystalsmiddot and proteins with a large molecular weight A block diagram of the system is shown inmiddotFig1

The MWPC with drift gaps and delay line readout is used as an X-ray detector (Fig2)

X-RAY

l

ANDISILAY

LINE middotmiddot)laquo3middotmiddot~

In t I--+shyCOMPUTER

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COlOR MONITOR--- -- r Fig] A block diagram of the 2-D position-senmiddot

sitive detector an electron analog of the

Roentgen film

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IMAGING DETECTORS LHEJINR

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DETEKTOPY H306PAEHHH

IMAGING DETECTORS

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Fig 2 The MWPC and the goniometer are used at the Institute of Crystallography USSR Academy ofSciences

The coordinate information is determined by signals from only four channels (two from Xshyand two from Y-delay line) Pulses from the anode plane are used for gating and for the energy selection of events The MWPC is flown by Xe-CH4 (9010) at a flow rate 10 cm3 min

Main parameters1-3

sensitive area of the MWPC 32Ox320 mm or 46Ox460mm

quantum efficiency (CuKa radiation) 70 number of spatial resolution elements 250x250 spatial resolution (FWHM) 14x14 mm count rate (at 20 losses) 3x105 eventsso

J183 OHJIH

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5

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aETEKTOPW H305PAEHH~

IMAGING DETECTORS

Fig 3 The leghemoglobin crystal dijfraction pattern (on the IeIt The measured intensities are shown on the monitor for controlling 4 groupe of3x3 spqtilzl resolution elements (on the right)

Using this diffractometer integral intensities (more than 45xl06 reflections) of 70 protein single crystals have been recently measured4-6 (Figs3 4)

A new 2middotD detector is being constructed for protein crystallography at synchrotron radiation

~ sources

Expected parameters ~

spatial resolution 02Smm number of spatial resolution elements 60Ox600 count rate -2xl06 eventsIs bull

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C6eMKU - 27 A

FigA For the first time reconstruction of the threeshy

dimensional structure of the catalaza crystal is shown

(M = 200 000 )The investigation has been performed

at the Institute of Crystallography USSR Academy

of Sciences (Moscow) by using the KARD-3 diffractoshy

meter The measuring time was 40 hours the resolution

was27 A

UETEKTOPW K306PAEHKR nB3 OHJIM


7

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OLlHOMEPHbIE LlETEKTOPbI LlnRPEHTrEHOCTPYKTYPHbIX HCCJIELlOBAHIiA

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ONE-DIMENSIONAL DETECTOR FOR ROENTGENOSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS

The l-D detector has been developed for the small-angle scattering and static or dynamic dif shyfraction experiments

The 1-D sealed MWPC with delay line readshyout is used as an X-ray detector (Fig5) The counter has a beryllium window and XeCH4 (9010) with a pressure up to 5 atm is used as a gas mixture A block diagram of the system is the same as in Fig1

Main parameters

sensitive area of the counter 1l0x10mm

quantum efficiency CuK radiation 60 a MoKa radiation 40 spatial resolution (FWHM) 015 mm non-uniformity of efficiency plusmn2

count rate (at 20 losses) 3x105 eventsls number of spatial resolution elements 500-1000

The efficiency of the diffraction meshythod using 1-D X-ray detector is higher than that of energy and angle dispersive methods by a facshytor of 1017 A new 1D curved position-sensitive

detector is being developed

Main parameters

useful angular aperture 1200

focusing radius 150mm window height 10mm spatial resolution 03 mm

llETEKTOPW H306PAlICEHHJI nB3 OHJIH


8

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12513H 35S a Tal()l(e HSMepllTb HX aKTHBHOshyem (pHc6)

PerHCTpaxgm 3-HSJlyqeHHH (B cnyqae 1251_ l-HSJlyqeHHR) OCYLUecTBJllleTClI IlBYMepHoH noshy

~ETEKTOPW H306PAEHHB

IMAGING DETECTORS

FigS The J-D PositiJn-sensitive detector has been successfully applied to the high-pressure X-ray difracshytion on (In extremely small volume at the Institute

oCrystallography USSR Academy oSciences

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DETECTORS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE EXPRESSshyANALYSIS OF THIN-LAYER RADIOCHROMATOGRAMS (TLC)

The 2-D detectors have been used for the loshycalization of radioactive zones for measureshyments of their absolute integral values of activity or percentage value of single peaks compared to the total activity (Fig6)

The 2middotD position-sensitive chambers with deshylay line readout are used for detection of the 3 -rashydiation from 3H_ 14C 35S 32P-Iabbelled comshy

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LHEJINR

9

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nETEKTOPW H306PAEHH~

IMAGING DETECTORS

10

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Fig 6 The distribution image of 125[ activity for the radiochromatogram

pounds or Y-radiation from 1261 (Fig7) A block diagram of the systems is analogous to FigI

Various 2-D detectors have been develoshyped6 U

- Using the MWPC for the 3 H isotope the TLC are placed inside the gas volume of the MWPC

-- Using the multistep avalanche chamber (MSAC) for 14C 36S 32p and 1251 isotopes theTLC are placed directly on the input mylar window MSAC

- Using the low-pressure MSAC for 3H 14C and 35S isotopes TLC are placed inside the chamber box The box is filled with isobutane at a pressure of 5 Torr after pumping The system is ready for operation in 5 min

Application fields radiochemistry biology pharmaceutical industry pharmacology etc

llB3 OHJIH

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Fig 7 The 2-D position-sensitive detector has been used for studies of complex protein mixtures after 2middotD separation of 125UabeUed proteins from E-coli ribosomal in a polyacrylamid gel

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Main parameters 20Ox200mmSensitive area or 15Ox150 mm

Spatial resolution 1-2mm Sensitivity 3H (an infinitely thin layer) - 10 pCimm2

14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2

Time of analysis is lower than 30 min

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IMAGING DETECTORS

11

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IMAGING DETECTORS

DETECTOR FOR MATERIAL STRUCTURE STUDIES WITH NEUTRONS

fie two-dimensional detector now being developed is designed for coordinate detection of slow neutrons for A = 6 Aat the small angle scatshytering

The neutrons are detected in the multiwire proportional chamber with two drift gaps placed in a sealed vessel The mixture of He and hydroshycarbone gas at the overall pressure of 45 atm is used

Main parameters

sensitive volume 26Ox130x12 mm detection efficiency (at 6 A ) 80 maximum sampling (pixels) 128x128 spatial resolution lt 3 mm count rate capability 105 eventsso

At present a one-dimensional detector is being constructed for small-angle studies with 1-2 A neutrons

Expected parameters

sensitive volume 25Ox40x20 mm detection efficiency (at 1 A ) 51gt number of spatial resolution elements 256 count rate 105 eventss gas mixture 10atm 3He +

+ hydrocarbone

The two-dimensional detector has been deshyveloped for the digital imaging12 in neutron rashy

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f pa3peWeHHR 256x256 UPOCTpaHCTBeHHOe pa3peWeHHe 07 MM BhICTponeHCTBHe (20-npoUeHTHhIe npoCqeThl) 2105 1c

DETEKTOPW H306PAEHHB

IMAGING DETECTORS

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diography The detector is utilized at a neutron radiography facility of Skoda-Works Research Institute (Czechoslovakia) The low-pressure mulshytistep chamber connected to the lOB convertor sheet has been used It makes possible to obtain directly a digital radiograph apart from other conventional detection methods

Main parameters

sensitive area 230x160 mm detection efficiency (for thennal neutrons) 3 sensitivity to the reactors gamma background of 1 R 1 eventcm2 s spatial resolution 07mm count rate capability (at 20 losses) 2x105 eventsso

REFERENCES

1 AHopuaHOea ME 3aHeeCKUU lOB HeaHoe AE U op AeTOMa7UlleCKaR CUCTeMa c60pa OlmHblX Ha fia3e oeYMepHo2o oeTeKTOpa OMCrpYKryPH020 aHt1IZU3a MOHOKpUCTatLIlOe oelHcoe - B KH MaTepUt1IZbl XVI BceCOlO3HOU WKOllbl no aeTOMashy7U3a14UU FOPbKUU 1982 c205

2 Andrianova ME Kheiker DM Popov AN et al A Coordinate X-Ray Diffractometer Based on a Two-Dimensional Proportional Chamber and a Two-Circle Goniometer - JApplCryst 1982 v15 p626

3 AHucUMoe lOC 3aHeecKuu lOB Heanoe AE U op JeYMepHblu aeToMa7U3upoelmHblU peHT2eshyHoeCKUU oeTeKTop Oil ouifjpaK14UOHHbIX 3Kcnemiddot pUMeHToe -l1T3 19864 c60

nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

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4 AHOpUaHOSa ME llonos AH XeuKep 1M U op llollyyeHue ouppaK14uoHHbIX OaHHblX dttR MOHOKPUshyCTQfLI06 OellK06 6 KOOpOUHaTHOM peHTZeH06CKOM OuppaKTOMerpe CnponOP14UOHllIlbHOU KaMepou 6blshyCOKOZO ptJ3peWeHUH - JIAH CCCP 1986 T288 JYD 1 c122

S AHopuaHo6a ME 3aHe6CKUU IOB H6aH06 AD U op HCCIle006aHUH MOHOKPUCTllIlIlO6 OellKOB e KOopOuHaTHblX peHTZeH06CKUX OUppaKTOMeTpax C nponoP14UOHatlbHOU KaMepou 6blCOKOZO ptJ3peweshyHUH - B CO KpaTKUe COOOU4eHUJI OHRH JYD 13-8S lyoHa OHJlH 1985 c41

6 AHopuaHo6a ME 3aHe6CKUU OB H6aH06 AD U op Pa3pa60TKa U npUMeHeHue H06blX MeTOoo6 U annaparyPbl OllJl uCCIle006aHUH MOHOKPUCTatll106 OellK06 6 lCOopOUHaTHblX peHTZeH06CKUX OuppaKshyTOMeTpax Ha OCHOBe 06YfepHblX nponop14UOHatlbshyHblX KaMep B CO KpaTKUe COOOU4eHUH OHJlH JYD 2[28]-88lyoHa OHJlH 1988 cS6

7 3aHeeCKUU OB M081aH CA llewexoHo8 BJl U op OOHoMepHblu n03ufUOHHO-1Y6CT8UTeIlbHbIU OeTeKTOp OM peHTZeH06CKUX UCCIle008aHUU npu C8epX6bICOKUX Oa61leHUJlX - llT3 1987 JYD 3 cs3

8 Anisimov YuS Chemenko SP Ivanov AB et al Proportional Chamber Device for Thin-Layer

RadiochromtJtcgram Analysis- J of Chromatograshyphy1979178p11Z

9 3aHe6CKUU OB H6aH06 AD M06yaH CA u op fy6CTBUTeIlbHblii JKCnpeCC-aHllIlU3 C 6bICOKUM npocTpaHcT8eHHb~ papeweHUeM UoOUp06aHHOU CMecu OellK06 Ha nnOCKUX HOCUTetUIX - DUQOPZa HUleCKaR XUMUH 1984 T10 JYD 6 c776

10 Abdurashidova GG Abdushukurov DA Aksentieva MS et al The Use of a Multistep Avashylanche Chamber for Analysing the Distribution of Radioactivity and Two-Dimensional Separation of a Mixture of Labelled Compounds - In JINR Rapid Communication No13-8S Dubna 1985 p19

11 Anisimov YuS AbdushukurovDA Chan ChiuDoo et al The Development and Utilization ofMultiwire Coordinate Detectors for an Express-Analysis of

to

Labelled Compounds in Thin Layer Chromatography - NuclInstr amp Meth in PhysRes 1986 Bl7 pS24

12 Anmmol YUS Chemenko SP Ivanov AB et al A Device with Low-Pressure Multistep Avalanche Chamber for Neutron Radiography - NuclInstramp Meth in PhysRes 1986 A2S2 p261 Isotopenpraxis 198723 Noll p40S

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J183 OHJIH

LHEJINR

5

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IMAGING DETECTORS




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JI83 OMH

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6

r







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7

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Main parameters





8







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nB3 OHBH

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9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

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llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

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32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


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JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

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IMAGING DETECTORS

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Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14











IMAGING DETECTORS

I~










nB3 O~H

LHElINR

3

v









- ~

~I~i 2-D MWPC ~

READOUT SYSTEM

~


T-D CONVERTER

DERANOOMIZER

HIGH SPEED AlU


CONTROl UN ITE

r shy





X-RAY

l

ANDISILAY





J ] l11 1

PRINTER

I

DISK

ibull bull 1

j - t-

I



Roentgen film



4

I~






bull






IMAGING DETECTORS

bull



Main parameters1-3



J183 OHJIH

LHEJINR

5

~1

bull







IMAGING DETECTORS




~ sources



JI83 OMH

LHEJlNR

6

r







C6eMKU - 27 A







was27 A



7

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

v









- ~

~I~i 2-D MWPC ~

READOUT SYSTEM

~


T-D CONVERTER

DERANOOMIZER

HIGH SPEED AlU


CONTROl UN ITE

r shy





X-RAY

l

ANDISILAY





J ] l11 1

PRINTER

I

DISK

ibull bull 1

j - t-

I



Roentgen film



4

I~






bull






IMAGING DETECTORS

bull



Main parameters1-3



J183 OHJIH

LHEJINR

5

~1

bull







IMAGING DETECTORS




~ sources



JI83 OMH

LHEJlNR

6

r







C6eMKU - 27 A







was27 A



7

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

I~






bull






IMAGING DETECTORS

bull



Main parameters1-3



J183 OHJIH

LHEJINR

5

~1

bull







IMAGING DETECTORS




~ sources



JI83 OMH

LHEJlNR

6

r







C6eMKU - 27 A







was27 A



7

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

~1

bull







IMAGING DETECTORS




~ sources



JI83 OMH

LHEJlNR

6

r







C6eMKU - 27 A







was27 A



7

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

r







C6eMKU - 27 A







was27 A



7

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

bull






HapHc

OcaoBRWe napaMeTpld






Main parameters






Main parameters





8







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14







_ PeH1TeHOBCshy

~









IMAGING DETECTORS






nB3 OHBH

LHEJINR

9










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14










IMAGING DETECTORS

10

bull








llB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14


BIB OHJIR

LHEJINR

[~


32p -06 nKHMM2

1251 -6 nKHMM2





14C35S _ 2 pCimm2

32p _ 06 pCimm2

1251 - 6 pCimm2





IMAGING DETECTORS

11

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

-

llETEKTOPbI











IMAGING DETECTORS




Main parameters



Expected parameters


+ hydrocarbone


JIB3 OMH

LHE~JINR

12

i

l


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14


lt2MM 104 Ic








IMAGING DETECTORS

bull


Main parameters


REFERENCES




nB3 OHJIH

LHEJINR

13

bull










to





14

bull










to





14

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