oedipus the king - kenai peninsula borough school...
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Oedipus the King
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Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex• probably the most famous tragedy ever written.
• It is known by a variety of titles (the most common being Oedipus Rex), including Oedipus the Kingand Oedipus Tyrannus.
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Ancient Greek TragedySophocles first produced the play in Athens around 430 B.C. at the Great Dionysia, a religious and cultural festival held in honor of the god Dionysus, where it won second prize. In the play Oedipus, King of Thebes, upon
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Ancient Greek Theatre.flv
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNAM3Pz
Gcow&feature=related
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Three Theban plays: Not a trilogy• Oedipus the King Oedipus at ColonusAntigone.
• Antigone was first performed in 442 BCE.• Oedipus the King was first performed c. 429 BCE.
• Oedipus at Colonus was written shortly before Sophocles' death in 406 BC and produced by his grandson (also called Sophocles) at the Festival of Dionysus in 401 BCE.
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People and places to know:
• Oedipus• Jocasta• Laius• Polybus• Corinth
• Sphinx• Teiresias (Tiresias )• Apollo• Delphi• Mount Cithaeron• Thebes
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a winged female monster in Greek mythology having a woman's head and a lion's body and noted for killing anyone
unable to answer its riddle
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an ancient Egyptian image in the form of a recumbent lion having a man's head, a ram's head, or a hawk's head
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The structure of Greek Tragedy
• Prologue,• Parodos, entry chant of the
chorus• First Episode, Scene 1• First Stasimon, choral
comment about events so far
• Second Episode, Scene 2• Second Stasimon, choral
comment
• Third Episode, Scene 3• Third Stasimon, choral
comment• Fourth Episode, Scene 4• Fourth Stasimon, choral
comment • Exodos,
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Introduction
The setting of the Oedipus the King as in the case of most Greek tragedies, does not require a change of scene. Throughout the play the skene with at least one door represents the facade of the royal palace of Thebes.
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Prologue ‐ Oedipus, Priest and Creon
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Prologue, (Priest, Oedipus, Creon)
• The priests of Thebes appear before Oedipus as suppliants, entreating him to find some end to the plague.
• Oedipus has already sent Creon to Delphi, who arrives to report that the killer of Laius must be sought out and banished.
• Oedipus vows to find the killer and summons the people of the city.
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Prologue (1‐150) ‐ Oedipus, Priest and Creon
• What is the purpose of the prologue?
• How does Oedipus characterize himself?
• What is his attitude toward the suppliants (priest and children)?
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Pollution/ miasma
• blood pollution that infects the family, and for a royal family the city itself
• The Plague of Thebes, oil on canvas,
Charles François Jalabeat (French,
1819-1901)
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Oedipus
• "Oidi‐pous“ in Greek means "swollen footed”
• Man of action, caring but haughty “whom all men call the Great”
• Seeker of the truth• Solver of riddles
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Parodos , Choral Comment
• The Chorus of Theban citizens offer prayers to Zeus, Apollo, Athena for release from the plague.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wcqRm_loB0&feature=related
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Delphi
• The Pythia was the priestess at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus.
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Priestess of Delphi(1891) by John
Collier
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chorus is an "act‐dividing song":
–allows for entrances and exits –allows for the scene to change –marks the passage of time–chorus comments directly or indirectly on what is going on
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First Episode , Scene I
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First Episode , 216‐462.
• Oedipus appeals for information and pronounces his curse on the murderer.
• Teiresias is summoned: at first he refuses to tell what he knows, but aroused by Oedipus' taunts he declares Oedipus the murderer.
• Oedipus declares a conspiracy by Creon. Teiresias declares that the murderer is present, and will be found son and husband to his mother.
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First Episode ‐ Oedipus, Chorus and Teiresias
• Explain three ironies in Oedipus's speech. • Dramatic Irony – when the audience knows
more than the character• Verbal Irony – character words that have a
deeper meaning to the audience than the character
• Situational Irony – difference with what is expected to happen and what actually happens
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I must know. Know thyself!
• But knowing is itself problematic in Oedipus: central to the text is not only what is known and by whom, but what it means to "know"-- what is "true" knowing.
• Insight and blindness
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Apollo versus Oedipus: • divine versus human knowledge• Apollo
– sun, day, clear, blazing, burning – fever, blazing, burning: sender of plague and the Healer
– intelligence, clear, seeing –brilliance, poetry– truth (knowledge), clear, seeing –divine prophecy, clear, seeing
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Prophet/ Tiresias
• South Italian Red‐figure bowl. Detail: Tiresias seated holding sacrificial knife as Odysseus (left) stands by him
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First Stasimon, Choral comment
• What is the Chorus's view of Teiresias's accusations against Oedipus ?
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Suffering= pathos• What has Oedipus done to deserve
such awful suffering? Why must he suffer?
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Tragedy=an aesthetic question mark
• The dramatic expression of an inquiry into suffering, an aesthetic question mark performed in enacted pain.
• While representing an instance of suffering in dramatic form, always asks why it has occurred.
• Pathology= the study of diseases• Etiology= the causes of diseases or a study of causes
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hubris
• "ungodly pride" (hubris) or "tragic flaw"(hamartia)
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First Stasimon , choral comment
• The Chorus are fearful of the pronouncement of the seer, but declare their loyalty to their king.
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Second Episode , Scene 2(Creon, Oedipus, Chorus; Jocasta)
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Second Episode , (Creon, Oedipus, Chorus; Jocasta)
• Creon is indignant at Oedipus' accusations. • They argue over the charge. Jocasta tries to intervene. • The Chorus advise restraint and Oedipus lets Creon
go, though he declares him an enemy. Oedipus tells Jocasta the source of the dispute.
• Jocasta tells the story of Laius' death, and Oedipus recognizes many details: but he was a lone killer, whereas a band of killers was reported.
• Oedipus worries about the oracle; Jocasta denounces its truth, sharing about the prophesy about her son.
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Second Stasimon , Chorus comments
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Second Stasimon , (Chorus)
• Ode to the sanctity of divine law. • The tyrant who ignores justice and reverence for the gods will fall.
• The oracles must be true.
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Third Episode , Scene 3(Jocasta, Messenger, Chorus; Oedipus)• A messenger arrives from Corinth announcing the death of Polybus and Oedipus' rise to the throne of Corinth.
• He eases Oedipus' fear of the oracle (that he will marry his mother) by telling him of his true birth.
• Over Jocasta's objections Oedipus vows to continue his search for the truth. Jocasta runs into the palace.
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Third Stasimon , Chorus Comments
• Ode to Mt. Cithaeron: we will soon know the parentage of Oedipus.
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Fourth Episode , Scene 4(Oedipus, Shepherd, Chorus)
• The shepherd arrives who exposed the infant of Laius and escaped when Laius was killed. Oedipus' parentage becomes clear. Oedipus rushes into the palace.
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Fourth Stasimon , Chorus Comments
• No man is blest: happiness is but an illusion, for even the great power and blessings of Oedipus have come to a fall.
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Exodos , (Messenger, Chorus; Oedipus, Creon
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Exodos , (Messenger, Chorus; Oedipus, Creon)
• A messenger announces the suicide of Jocasta and the self‐inflicted blinding of Oedipus. Oedipus appears to lament his fate. Creon appears.
• Oedipus begs him to take care of his children; Antigone and Ismene (mute) arrive to comfort their father. Creon persuades Oedipus to return to the palace, and assumes the kingship.