oecd science, technology and industry scoreboard 2013 · figure 6. top ten exporting countries in...
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Last updated: October 2013
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013
UNITED KINGDOM HIGHLIGHTS
After the drop in employment caused by the 2008 economic crisis, the United Kingdom has recently
witnessed a marked recovery, mostly driven by professional and business services.
The United Kingdom has seen its position as one of the world’s largest manufacturing countries
progressively eroded over the past two decades. However, its global share of exports of manufactured
goods is higher than implied by its share of total output, particularly when assessed by trade in value
added. A very large percentage of UK exports is accounted for by value added from services. Four out of
five innovative manufacturing companies have introduced a new service in the previous two years.
The United Kingdom has sustained its support for business R&D, increasingly relying on tax incentives
versus direct funding. The R&D intensity of the business sector continues to be low, but this is partly
explained by its industrial structure geared toward sectors with low R&D intensity. Investment in
knowledge-based assets is mainly oriented towards building economic competencies, as demonstrated by
a relatively high share European trademark applications compared with patents. Many innovative firms are
engaged in collaborations.
The United Kingdom has a world-leading science and research base. Researchers affiliated to UK-based
institutions account for the second largest volume of the world’s top cited publications. It is also one of the
most connected economies in terms of the mobility of researchers.
Figure 1. Where people lost or gained their jobs in Europe, 2011-2012 Relative contribution to change in total employment by major sectors of economic activity
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OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 2. Changes in the skill mix in Europe, business services, 2011-2012 Relative contribution to changes in total employment by major occupation groups
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Figure 3. Jobs in the business sector sustained by foreign final demand, 1995 and 2008 As a percentage of total business sector employment
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4 34 12 56 3 19 23 18 18 9 45 251 39 479 87 11 26 13 49 97 39 46 300 562
-129 -304 -72 -216 -5 -34 -41 -33 -27 -10 -36 -178 -26 -280 -47 -5 -12 -5 -17 -31 -8 -9 -4 -304-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
%
Managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals
Clerical support workers Service and sales workers Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers Elementary occupations
Losses, thousands
Gains, thousands
Business-sector services
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 4. Top manufacturers, 1990, 2000 and 2011 Percentage share of total world manufacturing value added
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Figure 5. Top 20 exporters of manufactured goods, in gross and value added terms, 2009 Percentage shares of total world manufacturing goods
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0
4
8
12
16
% Gross exports Value added
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 6. Top ten exporting countries in gross and value added terms, 2009 As a percentage of total world exports in gross and value added terms
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Figure 7. Business R&D intensity adjusted for industrial structure, 2011 As a percentage of value added in industry
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
USA CHN DEU JPN FRA GBR ITA KOR CAN NLD
%
Other activities Finance and business services Trade, transport and communications
Other manufactures Machinery and equipment / transport equipment Primary products
Total exports (USD billions)
Domesticvalue added
in foreignfinal demand
Gross exports
0
1
2
3
4
5
%
Adjusted business R&D intensity Unadjusted business R&D intensity
Business R&D intensity, OECD average
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 8. Change in government support for business R&D through direct funding and tax incentives, 2006-11
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Figure 9. IP bundle of top 20 applicants, 2010-12
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-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Tax incentive share of government funds for R&D, 2011 Tax incentive share of government funds for R&D, 2006
Tax incentive support, annual growth rate, 2006-11 (right-hand scale) Direct funding, annual growth rate, 2006-11 (right-hand scale)
% %
R&D tax incentives abolished
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 10. The quantity and quality of scientific production,2003-11 Number of documents and percentage of world's top-cited
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Figure 11. University hotspots, geographical distribution of highest impact institutions, 2007-11
Location of top 50 universities by main subject areas
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For more information
http://oe.cd/stinews
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: United Kingdom
Figure 12. International mobility of scientific authors, 1996-2011 As a percentage of authors with two or more publications, by last reported affiliation
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Figure 13. Impact of scientific authors, by category of mobility, 1996-2011
Based on the median source-normalized impact per paper (SNIP)
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0
10
20
30
40
%New inflows Returnees Stayers
100