慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. geographic information science and systems, 4th edition....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
田 勇
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 13928432418
QQ: 95297626
Office: 慧园二栋412
Homepage:http://ese.sustc.edu.cn/homepage/index.aspx?lid=100000005794726
![Page 2: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
课程简介
GIS RS
教学周
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
小组作业
10 11 12 13 14 15
小组作业
16
平时
作业成绩
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 15
期末考试
总成绩 = 平时作业成绩× 0.7 + 期末笔试成绩×0.3
![Page 3: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. ArcGIS帮助文档,在安装系统中
2. Erdas 帮助文档,在安装系统中
3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley,
ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0
4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition. The Guilford Press,
ISBN:978-1609181765
5. 地理信息系统原理、方法与应用,北京:科学出版社,邬伦等
6. ArcGIS 地理信息系统空间分析实验教程,汤国安,杨昕
参考书
![Page 4: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
第一讲 GIS概述
南方科技大学 · 环境科学与工程学院
田 勇
2017年9月13日
地理信息系统与遥感应用
![Page 5: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3S Technologies
Remote Sensing
(RS)
Global Positioning System
(GPS)
Geographic Information System
(GIS)
![Page 6: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• GPS and Remote Sensing provide data for GI Systems.
• GI Systems allow the effective use of GPS and RS data.
GIS Systems
The Synergism of 3S Technologies
![Page 7: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1、What is GIS?
![Page 8: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Michael F. Goodchild
美国科学院院士
加州大学圣巴巴拉分校教授
瓦特林·路德国际地理学奖得主(地理学的“诺贝尔奖”)
• GIS uses special information about what is where on the
Earth‘s surface.
• GIS is a special kind of "information system"
What is GIS?
![Page 9: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is Geography?
• The science of location
What is Where and Why
• The Spatial Science
?Where? What? is and Why?
![Page 10: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is Information System?
An information system (IS) is any organized system for the collection,
organization, storage and communication of information.
Storage Relationship Analysis
![Page 11: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Uniqueness of GIS
Uses explicit location on earth’s surface to relate data
• Location
• Attributes
• Spatial Relationships
![Page 12: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The evolution of GIS: from PhD to Google Earth
• 1960s: term GIS invented by Roger Tomlinson working for the
Canada Land Inventory
– Big country, few people, needed system to manage its natural
resources
• 1990s: GIS emerged as a tool for researchers
– But a PhD is still needed to use it!
• 2005: GIS goes mainstream
– Release of Google Maps and Google Earth
– GIS for everyone!?
Roger Tomlinson
GIS之父
![Page 13: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Data preparation and interpretation still a complex requirement
• Sophisticated spatial analysis not supported
• Predictive modeling and decision making still requires trained professionals
– Retail site selection
– Identification of sources of environmental pollution
What Google won’t do
Professionals with degrees (BA, BS, PhD) are still needed!
![Page 14: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2、What do GIS can do?
![Page 15: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inspirations from John Snow Map
(1813-1858)
• 霍乱——最可怕的传染病之一
• 从1817年首次在印度爆发至今,全球一共有七次霍乱大
流行。前六次大流行中,仅印度就总共死亡了3800万人!
• John Snow首次利用科学方法侦破1854年伦敦霍乱事件
![Page 16: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• 为了追查疫情,斯诺博士开始记录每天的死
亡人数和伤患人数,并且将死亡患者的地址
标注在地图上,形成点地图
当局下令拆除了宽街的水泵,霍乱得到了抑制
• 通过这张图,他最终解开了疫情传染背后
的密码。真正传播霍乱的介质是水。
![Page 18: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
John Snow Map的进一步分析
Theissen Polygons(7号井附近的死亡人数占总死亡人数的比例?)
![Page 19: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Density Map(某口井附近的死亡人数密度是多少?)
![Page 20: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
John Sow被誉为英国历史最伟大的内科医生!
![Page 22: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
RS + GIS
![Page 24: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Environmental Impact of Urbanization
![Page 25: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
RS + GIS + Hydrological Model
![Page 27: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Flood Risk Analysis
![Page 28: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Approximately 44 hrs. after breach, flood depth ≈ 4.8 m
![Page 29: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dam break simulation for the Guangzhou City
![Page 30: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Big Data + GIS + Social Network
![Page 31: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
红色联通蓝色移动绿色电信
大小代表运营商主导程度高矮代表4G信号强度
![Page 32: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
遍地美食还吃得起得地方
蓝色人均消费69元以内黄色人均消费180元以内红色人均消费高于180元
![Page 33: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
莆田系医院分布
![Page 35: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3、GIS Data Models
![Page 37: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Geographic Objects
How do we represent real world geographic objects in computers?
• Location
• Attributes
• Spatial Relationships
1. Representations of Geographic Reality
2. Link Attributes to Geographic
Representations
3. Spatial Relationships between
Geographic Representations
![Page 38: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Representations of Geographic Reality: Data Models
A data model is the method used to represent world objects in a computer
Two data types:
– Vector data model
– Raster data model
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 R T
1 R T
2 H R
3 R
4 R R
5 R
6 R T T H
7 R T T
8 R
9 R
Vector RepresentationRaster Representation
Real World
“raster is faster but
vector is more accurate”
![Page 39: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vector Data Model
• Abstract spatial features
– Point
– Line
– Area (polygon)
• Record coordinates
• Good for representing clearly defined
objects
• Spatial relationships can be defined
![Page 40: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Example of Vector Data Creation
![Page 41: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• You know what is in this image
– the computer doesn’t
• GIS converts dumb images from remote
sensing into smart GIS data
– you and the computer know what’s there
– Enables analysis
Images: dumb raster data
![Page 42: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Raster Data Model
• Regular grid of cells
– Each cell represent an area on the
ground
– Spatial resolution
• Value assigned to cell represent
attributes
– Elevation
– Land cover
• Good for representing continuously
changing attributes
• Doesn’t work so well for others such as
land ownership, streets
– human data in general
![Page 43: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GIS converts dumb images from
remote sensing into smart GIS data
Smart Raster—land use grids
Smart Vector—Pavement polygons
Dumb Images & smart GIS Data
![Page 44: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Spatial Resolution
![Page 45: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The GIS Data Model: A layer-cake of information
• Each layer is a different phenomena
• elevation, ownership parcels, land use, air
pollution level
• Layer are related based on common geographic
coordinates
• Latitude & longitude or projected X,Y
coordinates
![Page 46: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
4、Introduction to ArcGIS
![Page 47: 慧园二栋 - ese.sustech.edu.cn · 3. Geographic Information Science and Systems, 4th Edition. Wiley, ISBN:978-1-118-67695-0 4. Introduction to Remote Sensing, Fifth Edition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070717/5edbfc48ad6a402d66667448/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Jack Dangermond Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
未来仅局限于我们的集体想象 !