odyssey books 18-24 summaries
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The OdysseyBooks 18-24 Summaries
By Erin Salona
Book 18• Iros, a real beggar, orders
Odysseus to leave the hall• Iros challenges Odysseus to
a fight• Athena secretly helps
Odysseus look bigger and scare Iros
• The suitors are impressed and offer Odysseus, the beggar, food
• Odysseus, the beggar, warns them Odysseus will return soon
• Melantho, the disloyal maid, insults Odysseus
Book NINETEENPenelope, the Beggar, and the Nurse
• Odysseus and Telemachus discuss their strategy to kill the suitors
• Odysseus wants to test the loyalty of Penelope and her maids
• The maids have not been loyal and have been helping the suitors
Book 19
• Odysseus, the beggar, and Penelope sit and talk, and she tells him of her problems: how she misses her husband and how she doesn’t want to remarry
• Odysseus, the beggar, tells a story about his identity and how he met Odysseus and he praises him
Book NINETEENPenelope, the Beggar, and the Nurse
• Penelope cries upon hearing about her husband
• Odysseus decides that Penelope passed the loyalty test
• Odysseus, the beggar, tells her that Odysseus is sailing home
• Penelope is hopeful and asks Eurycleia to wash his feet
Book NINETEENPenelope, the Beggar, and the Nurse
• Eurycleia tells Odysseus, the beggar, that he is a lot like Odysseus
• Then Eurycleia sees the scar on his leg from a boar’s tusk injury on Mt. Parnassus.
• Eurycleia recognizes Odysseus.
• Odysseus swears Eurycleia to secrecy
Book Twenty
• Odysseus imagines killing the suitors as he tries to sleep
• The suitors are sleeping with maids in his home
• Athena assures Odysseus he will defeat the suitors; she will protect him
Book Twenty
• Penelope is so miserable she asks the goddess Artemis to make her die
• Odysseus hears Penelope crying and he prays to Zeus to give her a sign that he is home
• Zeus sends thunder• The suitors still plot to
kill Telemachus
Book Twenty
• The suitors continue to abuse Odysseus, the beggar
• Telemachus threatens them for bothering the beggar
• The suitors insist Penelope choose a suitor to marry
• Telemachus says he will not force his mother to marry
• Blood from animals they eat streams from their mouths– an omen of death
Book Twenty-ONEThe Test of the Great Bow
• Penelope tells the suitors that she will marry the one who can bend, string, and shoot Odysseus’s special hunting bow through 12 ax handles.
• This contest takes place on a festival day for Apollo, the god of archery
Book Twenty-One
• Nobody can work Odysseus’s bow.
• Odysseus asks the cowherd Philoetius and the swineherd Eumaeus to help him
• Odysseus tells them that they were the only men who missed him
Book Twenty-ONEThe Test of the Great Bow
• Odysseus will give the cowherd and swineherd wives, cattle, and homes if they help him kill the suitors
• Odysseus shows them his scar to prove himself
• Odysseus tells them to lock himself and all the suitors in the room when he picks up the bow
• Penelope allows Odysseus, the beggar, to test the bow
Book Twenty-ONEThe Test of the Great Bow
• Telemachus has removed the suitors’ weapons from the hall
• Odysseus, the beggar, strings the bow and shoots it through the axe holes
• Telemachus straps on his armor
• The fighting with the suitors begins in the next book.
Book TWENTY-TWODeath at the Palace
• *This is the climax.• Odysseus takes off
his beggar rags.• Odysseus must
fight more than 100 suitors
• He attacks Antinous, the meanest, first, and shoots an arrow into his neck.
Book TWENTY-TWODeath at the Palace
• The suitors run around, looking for their weapons and cursing Odysseus.
• Odysseus accuses the suitors of such things as: “using” his maids and trying to marry his wife
• The suitors, of course, don’t believe he is Odysseus
• Eurymachus blames the suitors’ actions on Antinous’ commands
Book TWENTY-TWODeath at the Palace
• Eurymachus tells Odysseus that he and the suitors will give him gifts if he lets them go
• Odysseus replies, “There will be killing till the score is paid.”
• Telemachus, Eumaeus, and Philoetius help Odysseus kill the suitors
• Athena’s shield comes to life, and she, disguised as Mentor, helps kill the suitors
• All suitors are killed by the end of the battle.
Book TWENTY-TWODeath at the Palace
• The goatheard Melanthius who has insulted Odysseus, tries to bring the suitors’ weapons to the hall. Eumaeus & Philoetius string him up alive.
• Odysseus rounds up the disloyal maids, forces them to clean up the mess of dead bodies, and then Telemachus hangs them
• One suitor is even killed & fed to the dogs!
Book TWENTY-THREEOdysseus and Penelope
• Eurycleia announces Odysseus’s return to Penelope.
• Penelope suspects a trick from the gods and decides to test Odysseus
• Telemachus chides her for doubting Odysseus’s identity
• She tells Telemachus that she and Odysseus share secret signs
• Odysseus tells Telemachus & the servants to stage a fake wedding feast so that nobody suspects the massacre
Book TWENTY-THREEOdysseus and Penelope
• Odysseus is made handsome by Athena
• Odysseus tells Eurycleia to prepare a couch for him to sleep upon
• Penelope tells the nurse to carry their marriage bed out for him to sleep on—words meant to test her husband
• Odysseus becomes upset because the bed was built around an olive tree that serves as a bedpost– it can’t be moved unless another man had sawed the post from the trunk
Book TWENTY-THREEThe Marriage Bed
Book TWENTY-THREEOdysseus and Penelope
• Odysseus passes Penelope’s test and they embrace.
• Athena delays the sunrise so the couple can spend more time together
• Odysseus plans to travel to his father Laertes’ house and to seek revenge upon the suitors’ families.
Book TWENTY-FOUROdysseus and His Father
• The ghosts of the suitors drift to the Underworld with Hermes’ help.
• Odysseus goes to see his elderly father Laertes, but pretends to be a traveler who entertained Odysseus 5 years ago.
• When Laertes begins to cry, Odysseus reveals himself, knowing his father is loyal
• He proves his identity by showing his leg scar & discussing childhood memories.
Book TWENTY-FOUROdysseus and His Father
• Odysseus, Telemacus, Laertes, and other loyal men eat together.
• Athena makes Laertes look younger.
• A battle erupts between the suitors’ families and the Ithacans; the families are furious due to the loss of the suitors
• Laertes kills Antinous’ father Eupithes
Book Twenty-Four
• Athena, under Zeus’ command, makes Odysseus call off the battle, and everyone lived happily ever after.
The End