Odds and Ends for Girls

ENWISE report Statistics on Higher Education

Gender in Learning and Teaching

Women are more likely than men to remain in education after the age of 18

Women constitute the majority of HE graduates

Women enjoy higher growth rates than men for advanced level graduates

Higher Education and PhD graduates in Enwise countries 2001

Total HE graduate

s

 Women

HC

 Women

in %

Total PhD graduates

WomenHC

Women in %

750 000 470 400 62.7 % 7 912 3 251 41.1 %

Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

Trends of women’s progression ENWISE – 9 (Romania not included)

 

  

YearTotal HE graduate

s

WomenHC

Women

in %

Total PhD graduate

s

WomenHC

Women

in%

1998 410 820 241 551 58.8 % 6 733 2 522 37.5 %

1999 485 838 301192 62.0 % 7 809 3 005 40.0 %

2000 226 719 133 677 59.0 % 3 352 1 278 38.1 %

2001 673 761 428 515 63.6 % 7 606 3 251 42.7 %

2002 715 170 451 613 63.1 % 8 400 3 661 43.6 %

Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

Trends of women’s progression EU – 25

 

YearTotal HE graduate

s

WomenHC

Women

in %

Total PhD graduate

s

Women

HC

Women

in%

19982 374 171 : : : : :

19992 455 940

1 378 390 56.1 % : : :

20002 633 755

1 482 478 56.3 % 78 847 30 829 39.1 %

20012 912 032

1 676 940 57.6 % 82 329 32 752 39.8 %

2002 666 439 423 381 63.5 % 8 400 3 661 43.6 %

 Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

Loss of women in progression from under-graduate to post-graduate achievement

Evaluating proportion of women at each level and their relationship

Indicating promotion of women on the higher level of education

Measuring the short-fall of women from lower stage to the higher one

Higher Education Gender Progression Ratio - HEGPR

Expressing

the precentage of women graduates at PhD

level

as a ratio of

the percentage of women graduates at

undergraduate level

Higher Educational Gender Progression Ratiofor the Enwise countries in 2001

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

HEGPR women 0,68 0,69 0,81 0,79 0,72 0,87 0,79 0,82 0,77 0,80

HEGPR men 1,51 1,32 1,33 1,24 1,56 1,20 1,26 1,22 1,27 1,32

BG CZ EE HU LV LT PL RO SK SI

Source: UNECE gender statistics database at http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/web/database.htm

Today’s Situation

Serious loss of investment if there are facts blocking women from reaching the most advanced stages of education

Waste of talented women at the very start of their professional carreer

No serious interest to investigate reasons No findings about how women and men

capitalise upon their education qualifications

Higher Education Gender Progression Ratio for men and women in Enwise countries

Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

HEGPRm 1.51792662 1.57822113 1.50769544 1.57302554 1.53088355

HEGPRw 0.63705834 0.64552107 0.64663331 0.6720483 0.69018147

Difference 0.88086828 0.93270006 0.86106214 0.90097724 0.84070208

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Success rates for femaleand male PhDs

How much more likely are men than women to complete their PhDs?

Odds Ratio – indicator of the gender success rate

Men’s HEGPR / Women’s HEGPR

Odds Ratio in Enwise countries

Country 2000 2001

Bulgaria 2.48 2.22

Czech Republic 3.30 1.93

Estonia 1.26 1.65

Hungary 1.68 1.57

Latvia 2.04 2.16

Lithuania 1.58 1.38

Poland 1.74 1.59

Romania 1.81 1.48

Slovak Republic 1.76 1.65

Slovenia 2.38 1.65

Source: UNECE gender statistics database at http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/web/database.htm

Odds Ratio in Enwise countries - time series

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds Ratio Trends

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

EU25 0 0 2.00564035 2.055230959 2.254802067

ENWISE 2.382712101 2.444879358 2.331608079 2.340643575 2.218088444

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Odds Ratio series in comparison

Source: Eurostat, Education statistics.

Available Data

Odds Ratios across educational disciplines and years in individual Enwise countries

Odds ratios for different educational disciplines in Enwise countries

Educational fields 140 - Education - Teacher Training & Education Science 200 - Humanities & arts 300 - Social sciences, business and law

(social & behavioural science, journalism & information;

business & administration; law) 400 - Science (life sciences; physical sciences;

mathematics & statistics; computing) 500 - Engineering, manufacturing & construction

(engineering & engineering trades; manufacturing & processing; architecture & building)

600 - Agriculture & veterinary 700 - Health & Welfare (health; social services) 800 - Services (personal services; transport services;

environmental protection; security services

Bulgaria Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Czech Republic Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Estonia Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Hungary Odds for girls

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Latvia Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Lithuania Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Poland Odds for girls

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Slovakia Odds for girls

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Slovenia Odds for girls

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

EDU HUM SOC SCI ENG AGR HEA SER TOTAL

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Odds for girls in Education Teacher Training & Education Science

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Humanities & arts

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Social sciences, business, law

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Science

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Engineering, manufacturing & construction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Agriculture & veterinary

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Health & Welfare

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Odds for girls in Services

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

BG

CZ

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

SI

SK

RO

ENWISE

Recommendations

To obtain complete and harmonised data on men and women educational strategies

To summarize achievements throughout the years and European countries and across the educational fields for both genders

To monitor the HEGPR and Odds indicators development and trends in EU-25 and elsewhere

To undertake a thorough analysis of equal oportunities for men and women in HE