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Međunarodnog humanitarnog prava

Urednik

Brigadni General Karl EDLINGER

Centar za mirovne operacije Vojske Republike Srbije

Centar za mirovne operacije

Vojska Republike Srbije

Međunarodno humanitarno pravo

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SADRŽAJ

Međunarodni ugovor Strana

1. IV Haška konvencija o zakonima i običajima rata na kopnu; Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine 1

2. V Haška konvencija o pravima i dužnostima neutralnih sila i lica u slučaju rata na kopnu; Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine 14

3. XIII Haška konvencija o pravima i dužnostima neutralnih država u ratu na moru; Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine 20

4. I Ženevska konvencija o poboljšanju položaja ranjenika i bolesnika u oružanim snagama u ratu; Ženeva, 12. august 1949. godine 26

5. II Ženevska konvencija o poboljšanju položaja ranjenika, bolesnika i brodolomnika oružanih snaga na moru; Ženeva, 12. august 1949. godine 48

6. III Ženevska konvencija o postupanju sa ratnim zarobljenicima; Ženeva, 12. august 1949. godine 66

7. IV Ženevska konvencija o zaštiti građanskih lica za vreme rata; Ženeva, 12. august 1949. godine 114

8. Konvencija o zaštiti kulturnih dobara u slučaju oružanog sukoba; Hag, 14. maj 1954. godine 167

9. Dopunski protokol uz Ženevske konvencije od 12. avgusta 1949. godine o zaštiti žrtava međunarodnih oružanih sukoba (Protokol I); Ženeva, 8. jul 1977. godine

180

10. Dopunski protokol uz Ženevske konvencije od 12. avgusta 1949. godine o zaštiti žrtava nemeđunarodnih oružanih sukoba (Protokol II); Ženeva, 8. jul 1977. godine

243

11. Dopunski protokol uz Ženevske konvencije od 12. avgusta 1949. o usvajanju dodatnog znaka raspoznavanja (Protokol III) Ženeva, 8. decembar 2005.godine

252

12.

Konvencija o zabrani ili ograničavanju upotrebe određenih vrsta klasičnog oružja za koje se može smatrati da izazivaju prekomerne traumatske efekte ili da deluju bez razlikovanja u pogledu ciljeva; Ženeva, 10. oktobar 1980. godine

258

Ovu kolekciju dokumenata o međunarodnom humanitarnom pravu sastavio je brigadni general austrijske vojske Karl Edlinger. Tekstove na srpskom jeziku su obezbedili: Centar za mirovne operacije Vojske Srbije, Međunarodni komitet Crvenog krsta u Srbiji i ISAC fond.

Tehnička priprema: ISAC fond Ova publikacija je pripremljena i štampana zahvaljujući podršci Kraljevine Holandije

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odabrani dokumenti IV Haška konvencija o zakonima i

običajima rata na kopnu Hague Convention IV

Rules and Customs of War on Land

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IV Haška konvencija o zakonima i običajima rata na kopnu

Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine

(Lista strana potpisnica) • smatrajući da je, i pored traženja načina za

očuvanje mira i sprečavanje oružanih sukoba među narodima, potrebno takođe imati na umu slučaj u kome bi došlo do pribegavanja oružju usled događaja koji se njihovim stvaranjem ne bi mogli otkloniti;

• prožeti željom da i u ovom krajnjem slučaju posluže interesima čovečanstva i stalno rastućim zahtevima civilizacije;

• ocenjujući da je važno, u tom cilju revidirati opšte zakone i običaje rata, bilo sa ciljem da se ustanove sa više tačnosti, bilo da im se postave određene granice koje će, koliko god je to moguće ublažiti njihovu strogost;

• našli su za potrebno da upotpune i preciziraju u nekim tačkama delo prve konferencije o miru koja je, sledeći Briselsku konferenciju od 1874. i nadahnuta idejama koje preporučuje jedna mudra i plemenita obazrivost, usvojila odredbe koje imaju za predmet da definišu i srede običaje rata na kopnu.

• Prema stanovištu Visokih strana ugovornica, ove odredbe, čiji je sastav bio nadahnut željom da se ublaže zla rata, koliko god to vojne potrebe dozvoljavaju, namenjene su da služe kao opšte pravilo ponašanja učesnika u ratu, u njihovim međusobnim odnosima i u njihovim odnosima sa stanovništvom.

• Nije ipak bilo moguće uskladiti već sada odredbe koje obuhvataju sve prilike koje se javljaju u praksi.

• S druge strane, nije bila namera Visokih strana ugovornica da slučajevi koji nisu predviđeni budu prepušteni samovoljnoj oceni vojnih komandanata.

• Dok jedan potpuniji zbornik zakona rata ne bude mogao da bude proglašen, Visoke strane ugovornice smatraju korisnim da potvrde da, u slučajevima koji nisu predviđeni propisima koje su one usvojile, stanovništvo i učesnici u ratu ostaju pod zaštitom i vlašću načela međunarodnog prava, onakvim kako ona proizlaze iz običaja ustanovljenih među prosvećenim narodima, iz zahteva čovečnosti i zahteva javne savesti.

• One izjavljuju da se u tom smislu moraju tumačiti naročito čl. 1. i 2. usvojenog

Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land

(Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land)

The Hague, 18 October 1907. (List of Contracting Parties) • Seeing that while seeking means to preserve

peace and prevent armed conflicts between nations, it is likewise necessary to bear in mind the case where the appeal to arms has been brought about by events which their care was unable to avert;

• Animated by the desire to serve, even in this extreme case, the interests of humanity and the ever progressive needs of civilization;

• Thinking it important, with this object, to revise the general laws and customs of war, either with a view to defining them with greater precision or to confining them within such limits as would mitigate their severity as far as possible;

• Have deemed it necessary to complete and explain in certain particulars the work of the First Peace Conference, which, following on the Brussels Conference of 1874, and inspired by the ideas dictated by a wise and generous forethought, adopted provisions intended to define and govern the usages of war on land.

• According to the views of the High Contracting Parties, these provisions, the wording of which has been inspired by the desire to diminish the evils of war, as far as military requirements permit, are intended to serve as a general rule of conduct for the belligerents in their mutual relations and in their relations with the inhabitants.

• It has not, however, been found possible at present to concert regulations covering all the circumstances which arise in practice;

• On the other hand, the High Contracting Parties clearly do not intend that unforeseen cases should, in the absence of a written undertaking, be left to the arbitrary judgment of military commanders.

• Until a more complete code of the laws of war has been issued, the High Contracting Parties deem it expedient to declare that, in cases not included in the Regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity, and the dictates of the public conscience.

• They declare that it is in this sense especially that Articles 1 and 2 of the Regulations







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pravilnika. Visoke strane ugovornice, u želji da zaključe jednu novu konvenciju u tom cilju, imenovale su za punomoćnike: (slede imena punomoćnika) Oni su se, pošto su priložili svoja punomoćja nađena u dobroj i urednoj formi, saglasili o sledećem: Član 1. Sile ugovornice će dati svojim kopnenim snagama uputstva koja će biti u skladu sa Pravilnikom o zakonima i običajima rata na kopnu, priloženim uz ovu konvenciju. Član 2. Odredbe Pravilnika navedenog u članu 1, kao i odredbe ove konvencije primenjuju se samo između Sila ugovornica i samo ako su svi učesnici u ratu članovi konvencije. Član 3. Zaraćena strana koja prekrši odredbe pomenutog pravilnika je obavezna da plati odštetu, ako je to potrebno. Ona je odgovorna za sva dela koja počine lica koja pripadaju njenim oružanim snagama. Član 4. Ova konvencija, kad bude uredno ratifikovana, zamenjuje u odnosima među silama ugovornicama Konvenciju od 29. jula 1899. godine o zakonima i običajima rata na kopnu. Konvencija od 1899. godine ostaje na snazi u odnosima među silama koje su je potpisale, a koje ne ratifikuju i ovu konvenciju. Član 5. Ova konvencija će biti ratifikovana što je pre moguće. Ratifikacije će biti položene u Hagu. Prvo polaganje ratifikacija biće potvrđeno zapisnikom koji će potpisati predstavnici Sila koje u tome sudeluju i ministar inostranih poslova Holandije. Naknadna polaganja ratifikacija obavljaće se putem pismene notifikacije upućene Vladi Holandije i propraćene ratifikacionim instrumentima. Overen prepis zapisnika o prvom polaganju ratifikacija, notifikacija pomenutih u prethodnom stavu, kao i ratifikacionih instrumenata biće odmah dostavljen, staranjem Vlade Holandije i diplomatskim putem, Silama pozvanim na Drugu konferenciju o miru, kao i drugim Silama koje budu pristupile Konvenciji. U slučajevima o kojima je reč u prethodnom stavu, navedena vlada će ih u isto vreme obavestiti i o datumu kad je primila notifikaciju.

adopted must be understood. The High Contracting Parties, wishing to conclude a fresh Convention to this effect, have appointed the following as their Plenipotentiaries: (Here follow the names of Plenipotentiaries) who, after having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following: Article 1. The Contracting Powers shall issue instructions to their armed land forces which shall be in conformity with the Regulations respecting the laws and customs of war on land, annexed to the present Convention. Article 2. The provisions contained in the Regulations referred to in Article 1, as well as in the present Convention, do not apply except between Contracting powers, and then only if all the belligerents are parties to the Convention. Article 3. A belligerent party which violates the provisions of the said Regulations shall, if the case demands, be liable to pay compensation. It shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons forming part of its armed forces. Article 4. The present Convention, duly ratified, shall as between the Contracting Powers, be substituted for the Convention of 29 July 1899, respecting the laws and customs of war on land. The Convention of 1899 remains in force as between the Powers which signed it, and which do not also ratify the present Convention. Article 5. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The ratifications shall be deposited at The Hague. The first deposit of ratifications shall be recorded in a procès-verbal signed by the Representatives of the Powers which take part therein and by the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs. The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means of a written notification, addressed to the Netherlands Government and accompanied by the instrument of ratification. A duly certified copy of the procès-verbal relative to the first deposit of ratifications, of the notifications mentioned in the preceding paragraph, as well as of the instruments of ratification, shall be immediately sent by the Netherlands Government, through the diplomatic channel, to the powers invited to the Second Peace Conference, as well as to the other Powers which have adhered to the Convention. In the cases contemplated in the preceding paragraph the said Government shall at the same time inform them of the date on which it received the notification.







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Član 6. Sile koje nisu potpisale ovu konvenciju, mogu joj pristupiti. Sila koja želi da pristupi, notifikuje svoju nameru Vladi Holandije, dostavljajući joj akt o pristupanju koji će biti deponovan u arhivu navedene vlade. Ta će vlada odmah dostaviti svim drugim Silama overen prepis notifikacije, kao i akte o pristupanju, označavajući datum kad je primila notifikaciju. Član 7. Ova konvencija stupa na snagu šezdeset dana nakon datuma zapisnika o ovom polaganju za Sile koje su sudelovale u prvom polaganju ratifikacija, a za Sile koje naknadno izvrše ratifikaciju ili koje pristupe, šezdeset dana po prijemu notifikacije njihove ratifikacije ili njihovog pristupanja od strane Vlade Holandije. Član 8. U slučaju da jedna od Sila ugovornica želi da otkaže ovu konvenciju, otkaz notifikuje pismeno Vladi Holandije, koja odmah dostavlja overen prepis notifikacije svim drugim Silama, obaveštavajući ih o datumu njenog prijema. Otkaz vredi samo za Silu koja ga je notifikovala, i to godinu dana nakon prijema notifikacije od strane Vlade Holandije. Član 9. Jedan registar će se voditi u Ministarstvu inostranih poslova Holandije, u kome će se označavati datum polaganja ratifikacija, izvršenih na osnovu člana 5. st. 3. i 4, kao i datum prijema notifikacija pristupa (član 6. stav 2) ili otkaza (član 8. stav 1.). Svaka Sila ugovornica ima pravo uvida u taj registar, kao i pravo da traži overen izvod iz njega. U potvrdu navedenog, punomoćnici su stavili svoje potpise na ovu konvenciju. Sačinjeno u Hagu 18. oktobra 1907. godine u jednom jedinom primerku koji će ostati položen u arhivu Vlade Holandije i čiji će overeni prepisi biti dostavljeni diplomatskim putem silama koje su bile pozvane na Drugu konferenciju o miru.

Article 6. Non-Signatory Powers may adhere to the present Convention. The Power which desires to adhere notifies in writing its intention to the Netherlands Government, forwarding to it the act of adhesion, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government. This Government shall at once transmit to all the other Powers a duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of adhesion, mentioning the date on which it received the notification. Article 7. The present Convention shall come into force, in the case of the Powers which were a party to the first deposit of ratifications, sixty days after the date of the procès-verbal of this deposit, and, in the case of the Powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere, sixty days after the notification of their ratification or of their adhesion has been received by the Netherlands Government. Article 8. In the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to denounce the present Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Netherlands Government, which shall at once communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers, informing them of the date on which it was received. The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying Power, and one year after the notification has reached the Netherlands Government. Article 9. A register kept by the Netherlands Ministry for Foreign Affairs shall give the date of the deposit of ratifications made in virtue of Article 5, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the notifications of adhesion (Article 6, paragraph 2), or of denunciation (Article 8, paragraph 1) were received. Each Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register and to be supplied with duly certified extracts. In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures to the present Convention. Done at The Hague 18 October 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherlands Government, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel to the Powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference.







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Prilog uz Konvenciju o zakonima i običajima rata na kopnu

DEO I O zaraćenim stranama Glava I O svojstvu zaraćene strane Član 1. Ratni zakoni, prava i dužnosti ne primenjuju se samo na vojsku već i na milicije i dobrovoljačke odrede koji ispunjavaju sledeće uslove:

1) da imaju na čelu ličnost odgovornu za svoje potčinjene;

2) da imaju stalan znak raspoznavanja koji se može razlikovati sa udaljenosti;

3) da otvoreno nose oružje; 4) da se pri svojim operacijama pridržavaju

zakona i običaja rata. U zemljama u kojima milicije ili dobrovoljački odredi sačinjavaju vojsku, ili njoj pripadaju, oni su obuhvaćeni nazivom vojska. Član 2. Stanovništvo neokupirane teritorije koje se približavanjem neprijatelja spontano digne na oružje protiv napadačkih trupa nemajući vremena da se organizuje u skladu sa članom 1, smatraće se učesnikom u ratu ako otvoreno nosi oružje i ako poštuje zakone i običaje ratovanja. Član 3. Oružane snage zaraćenih strana mogu se sastojati od boraca i neboraca. U slučaju da ih neprijatelj zarobi, jedni i drugi imaju pravo da se sa njima postupa kao sa ratnim zarobljenicima. Glava II O ratnim zarobljenicima Član 4. Ratni zarobljenici su u vlasti neprijateljske vlade, ali ne i pojedinaca i vojnih jedinica koje su ih zarobile. S njima se mora postupati čovečno. Sve što im lično pripada, izuzev oružja, konja i vojnih papira, ostaje njihova svojina. Član 5. Ratni zarobljenici mogu biti podvrgnuti interniranju u neki grad, tvrđavu, logor ili neko drugo mesto, uz obavezu da se odatle ne udaljavaju preko nekih određenih granica, ali oni ne mogu biti zatvoreni, osim zbog nužne mere bezbednosti, i samo dok traju okolnosti koje zahtevaju tu meru. Član 6. Država može upotrebiti ratne zarobljenike kao radnike, prema njihovom činu i sposobnosti, izuzev oficire. Ti radovi ne smeju biti prekomerni, niti se smeju imati ma kakve veze s ratnim operacijama.

Annex to the Convention Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on

Land SECTION I On Belligerents Chapter I The qualifications of belligerents Article 1. The laws, rights, and duties of war apply not only to armies, but also to militia and volunteer corps fulfilling the following conditions: 1. To be commanded by a person responsible

for his subordinates; 2. To have a fixed distinctive emblem

recognizable at a distance; 3. To carry arms openly; and 4. To conduct their operations in accordance

with the laws and customs of war. In countries where militia or volunteer corps constitute the army, or form part of it, they are included under the denomination "army." Article 2. The inhabitants of a territory which has not been occupied, who, on the approach of the enemy, spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading troops without having had time to organize themselves in accordance with Article 1, shall be regarded as belligerents if they carry arms openly and if they respect the laws and customs of war. Article 3. The armed forces of the belligerent parties may consist of combatants and non-combatants. In the case of capture by the enemy, both have a right to be treated as prisoners of war. Chapter II Prisoners of war Article 4. Prisoners of war are in the power of the hostile Government, but not of the individuals or corps who capture them. They must be humanely treated. All their personal belongings, except arms, horses, and military papers, remain their property. Article 5. Prisoners of war may be interned in a town, fortress, camp, or other place, and bound not to go beyond certain fixed limits; but they cannot be confined except as in indispensable measure of safety and only while the circumstances which necessitate the measure continue to exist. Article 6. The State may utilize the labour of prisoners of war according to their rank and aptitude, officers excepted. The tasks shall not be excessive and shall have no connection with the operations of the war.







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Zarobljenici mogu biti ovlašćeni da rade za javne vlasti ili pojedince, ili za sebe. Radovi za državu plaćaju se prema tarifi koja važi za vojnike domaće vojske koji obave iste radove, ili, ako takva tarifa ne postoji, prema tarifi srazmernoj izvršenim radovima. Kad se radovi obavljaju za račun drugih javnih vlasti ili pojedinaca, uslovi se uređuju sporazumno s vojnim vlastima. Zarada zarobljenika se upotrebljava za olakšavanje njihovog položaja, a višak im se isplaćuje prilikom oslobađanja, izuzev odbitka za troškove izdržavanja. Član 7. Vlada u čijoj se vlasti nalaze ratni zarobljenici dužna je da ih izdržava. Ako među zaraćenim stranama ne postoji poseban sporazum, s ratnim zarobljenicima se, u vezi s ishranom, smeštajem i odevanjem postupa kao i sa trupama vlade koja ih je zarobila. Član 8. Ratni zarobljenici su podvrgnuti zakonima, uredbama i naredbama koji važe za vojsku države u čijoj se vlasti nalaze. Svaki čin neposlušnosti daje pravo da se prema njima preduzimaju potrebne mere strogosti. Odbegli zarobljenici koji bi bili uhvaćeni pre nego što bi mogli da se priključe svojoj vojsci ili pre nego što bi napustili teritoriju koju je okupirala vojska koja ih je zarobila, mogu biti disciplinski kažnjeni. Zarobljenici koji posle uspelog bekstva budu ponovo zarobljeni ne mogu biti kažnjeni zbog ranijeg bekstva. Član 9. Svaki ratni zarobljenik je dužan da izjavi, ako o tome bude pitan, svoje pravo ime i čin i, u slučaju prekršaja ovog pravila, izlaže se ograničavanju pogodnosti koje se priznaju ratnim zarobljenicima njegove teritorije. Član 10. Ratni zarobljenici mogu biti oslobođeni na datu reč, ako im to zakoni njihove zemlje dopuštaju, i u tom slučaju su dužni, pod jamstvom svoje lične časti, da savesno ispunjavaju, kako prema sopstvenoj vladi tako i prema vladi koja ih je zarobila, obaveze koje su preuzeli. U takvom slučaju njihova vlada je dužna da ne zahteva niti da prima od njih ma kakvu službu koja je protivna datoj reči. Član 11. Ratni zarobljenik ne može biti primoran da primi slobodu na datu reč; isto tako neprijateljska vlada nije obavezna da prihvati zahtev zarobljenika koji traži da bude oslobođen na datu reč.

Prisoners may be authorized to work for the public service, for private persons, or on their own account. Work done for the State is paid for at the rates in force for work of a similar kind done by soldiers of the national army, or, if there are none in force, at a rate according to the work executed. When the work is for other branches of the public service or for private persons the conditions are settled in agreement with the military authorities. The wages of the prisoners shall go towards improving their position, and the balance shall be paid them on their release, after deducting the cost of their maintenance. Article 7. The Government into whose hands prisoners of war have fallen is charged with their maintenance. In the absence of a special agreement between the belligerents, prisoners of war shall be treated as regards board, lodging, and clothing on the same footing as the troops of the Government who captured them. Article. 8. Prisoners of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations, and orders in force in the army of the State in whose power they are. Any act of insubordination justifies the adoption towards them of such measures of severity as may be considered necessary. Escaped prisoners who are retaken before being able to rejoin their own army or before leaving the territory occupied by the army which captured them are liable to disciplinary punishment. Prisoners who, after succeeding in escaping, are again taken prisoners, are not liable to any punishment on account of the previous flight. Article 9. Every prisoner of war is bound to give, if he is questioned on the subject, his true name and rank, and if he infringes this rule, he is liable to have the advantages given to prisoners of his class curtailed. Article 10. Prisoners of war may be set at liberty on parole if the laws of their country allow, and, in such cases, they are bound, on their personal honour, scrupulously to fulfil, both towards their own Government and the Government by whom they were made prisoners, the engagements they have contracted. In such cases their own Government is bound neither to require of nor accept from them any service incompatible with the parole given. Article 11. A prisoner of war cannot be compelled to accept his liberty on parole; similarly the hostile Government is not obliged to accede to the request of the prisoner to be set at liberty on parole.







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Član 12. Svaki ratni zarobljenik, oslobođen na datu reč i ponovo zarobljen u borbi protiv vlade prema kojoj se čašću obavezao, ili protiv njenih saveznika, gubi pravo da se sa njim postupa kao sa ratnim zarobljenikom i može biti izveden pred sud. Član 13. Lica koja prate jednu vojsku ne pripadajući joj neposredno, kao što su novinski dopisnici i izveštači, kantinjeri, nabavljači, koji padnu pod vlast neprijatelja i za koje ovaj smatra korisnim da ih zadrži, imaju pravo na postupanje kao sa ratnim zarobljenicima, pod uslovom da imaju ispravu vojne vlasti vojske koju su pratila. Član 14. Od samog početka neprijateljstava osniva se u svakoj od zaraćenih država, a po potrebi i u neutralnim državama koje budu primile zaraćene strane na svoju teritoriju, biro za obaveštavanje o ratnim zarobljenicima. Taj biro, čija je dužnost da odgovara na sva pitanja koja se odnose na ratne zarobljenike, prima od raznih nadležnih službi sva obaveštenja o interniranjima, premeštajima, o oslobođenima na datu reč, o razmenama, bekstvima, stupanjima u bolnicu, smrtnim slučajevima, kao i ostala obaveštenja potrebna za ustanovljavanje i uredno vođenje lične liste za svakog ratnog zarobljenika. Biro će morati da unosi u tu listu matični broj, prezime i ime, doba života, mesto rođenja, čin, jedinicu, rane, datum i mesto zarobljavanja, interniranja, ranjavanja, smrti, kao i sve napomene posebne vrste. Lična lista se predaje vladi druge zaraćene strane posle zaključenja mira. Biro za obaveštavanje takođe je dužan da prikupi i zajednički čuva sve lične stvari, vrednosti, pisma itd, koji budu nađeni na bojnim poljima ili koja ostave zarobljenici oslobođeni na datu reč, zamenjeni, odbegli ili preminuli u bolnicama ili ambulantama, i da ih dostave zainteresovanima. Član 15. Društvima za pomoć ratnim zarobljenicima, uredno osnovanim po zakonu svoje zemlje, a koja imaju za cilj da posreduju u dobrovoljnim akcijama, zaraćene strane daju, za njih i njihove uredno opunomoćene predstavnike, sve olakšice u granicama koje dopuštaju vojne potrebe i administrativna pravila radi uspešnog izvršavanja njihove humane dužnosti. Izaslanicima tih društava, koji imaju ličnu dozvolu izdatu od vojnih vlasti, dozvoljava se, uz njihovu pisanu obavezu da će se pokoriti svim merama reda i bezbednosti vojnih vlasti, da dele pomoć u zarobljeničkim logorima, kao i na zastancima zarobljenika koji se

Article 12. Prisoners of war liberated on parole and recaptured bearing arms against the Government to whom they had pledged their honour, or against the allies of that Government, forfeit their right to be treated as prisoners of war, and can be brought before the courts. Article 13. Individuals who follow an army without directly belonging to it, such as newspaper correspondents and reporters, sutlers and contractors, who fall into the enemy's hands and whom the latter thinks expedient to detain, are entitled to be treated as prisoners of war, provided they are in possession of a certificate from the military authorities of the army which they were accompanying. Article 14. An inquiry office for prisoners of war is instituted on the commencement of hostilities in each of the belligerent States, and, when necessary, in neutral countries which have received belligerents in their territory. It is the function of this office to reply to all inquiries about the prisoners. It receives from the various services concerned full information respecting internments arid transfers, releases on parole, exchanges, escapes, admissions into hospital, deaths, as well as other information necessary to enable it to make out and keep up to date an individual return for each prisoner of war. The office must state in this return the regimental number, name and surname, age, place of origin, rank, unit, wounds, date and place of capture, internment, wounding, and death, as well as any observations of a special character. The individual return shall be sent to the Government of the other belligerent after the conclusion of peace. It is likewise the function of the inquiry office to receive and collect all objects of personal use, valuables, letters, etc., found on the field of battle or left by prisoners who have been released on parole, or exchanged, or who have escaped, or died in hospitals or ambulances, and to forward them to those concerned. Article 15. Relief societies for prisoners of war, which are properly constituted in accordance with the laws of their country and with the object of serving as the channel for charitable effort shall receive from the belligerents, for themselves and their duly accredited agents every facility for the efficient performance of their humane task within the bounds imposed by military necessities and administrative regulations. Agents of these societies may be admitted to the places of internment for the purpose of distributing relief, as also to the halting places of repatriated prisoners, if furnished with a personal permit by the military authorities, and on giving an undertaking in







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vraćaju u otadžbinu. Član 16. Biroi za obaveštavanje su oslobođeni poštarine pisma, uputnice i vrednosti, kao i poštanski paketi namenjeni ratnim zarobljenicima ili koje oni otpravljaju, oslobođeni su svih poštanskih taksi, kako u zemljama iz kojih su upućeni, tako i u zemljama preko kojih prelaze. Darovi i pomoć namenjeni ratnim zarobljenicima su oslobođeni svih uvoznih i drugih dažbina, kao i plaćanja prevoza na državnim železnicama. Član 17. Zarobljeni oficiri primaju platu na koju imaju pravo oficiri istog čina zemlje u kojoj se drže ratni zarobljenici, s tim da je njihova vlada dužna da isplaćene iznose vrati. Član 18. Ratnim zarobljenicima se ostavlja puna sloboda veroispovesti, uključujući prisustvovanje bogosluženju njihovog obreda, pod uslovom da se pokore merama reda i bezbednosti koje propiše vojna vlast. Član 19. Zaveštanja ratnih zarobljenika priznaju se i sastavljaju pod istim uslovima kao i za vojnike domaće vojske. Po istim pravilima postupa se u vezi sa ispravama o utvrđivanju smrti kao i u vezi sa sahranom ratnih zarobljenika, vodeći računa o njihovom činu i rangu. Član 20. Po zaključenju mira, ratni zarobljenici se vraćaju u otadžbinu u najkraćem mogućem roku. Glava III O bolesnicima i ranjenicima Član 21. Obaveze učesnika u ratu u vezi s bolesnicima i ranjenicima propisane su Ženevskom konvencijom. DEO II O neprijateljstvima Glava I O sredstvima borbe protiv neprijatelja, o opsadama i bombardovanjima Član 22. Zaraćene strane nemaju neograničeno pravo izbora sredstava borbe protiv neprijatelja. Član 23. Osim zabrana ustanovljenih posebnim konvencijama, naročito je zabranjeno:

(a) upotrebljavati otrov i otrovna oružja; (b) verolomno ubijati ili ranjavati lica koja

pripadaju neprijateljskom narodu ili vojsci;

writing to comply with all measures of order and police which the latter may issue. Article 16. Inquiry offices enjoy the privilege of free postage. Letters, money orders, and valuables, as well as parcels by post, intended for prisoners of war, or dispatched by them, shall be exempt from all postal duties in the countries of origin and destination, as well as in the countries they pass through. Presents and relief in kind for prisoners of war shall be admitted free of all import or other duties, as well as of payments for carriage by the State railways. Article. 17. Officers taken prisoners shall receive the same rate of pay as officers of corresponding rank in the country where they are detained, the amount to be ultimately refunded by their own Government. Article 18. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete liberty in the exercise of their religion, including attendance at the services of whatever church they may belong to, on the sole condition that they comply with the measures of order and police issued by the military authorities. Article 19. The wills of prisoners of war are received or drawn up in the same way as for soldiers of the national army. The same rules shall be observed regarding death certificates as well as for the burial of prisoners of war, due regard being paid to their grade and rank. Article 20. After the conclusion of peace, the repatriation of prisoners of war shall be carried out as quickly as possible. Chapter III The sick and wounded Article 21. The obligations of belligerents with regard to the sick and wounded are governed by the Geneva Convention. SECTION II Hostilities Chapter I Means of injuring the enemy, sieges, and bombardments Article 22. The right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited. Article 23. In addition to the prohibitions provided by special Conventions, it is especially forbidden (a) To employ poison or poisoned weapons; (b) To kill or wound treacherously individuals

belonging to the hostile nation or army;







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(c) ubijati ili ranjavati neprijatelja koji se, pošto je položio oružje ili ostao bez sredstava za odbranu, bezuslovno predao;

(d) objaviti da se nikome neće poštedeti život; (e) upotrebljavati oružja, metke ili materije

sposobne da prouzrokuju nepotrebne patnje; (f) upotrebljavati, protivno pravilima, zastavu

parlamentara, državnu zastavu ili neprijateljske vojne oznake i uniformu, kao i znake obeležavanja predviđene Ženevskom konvencijom;

(g) uništavati ili pleniti neprijateljsku imovinu, osim slučajeva kad bi ta uništavanja ili zaplene imperativno nalagala vojna potreba;

(h) proglasiti ugašenim, obustavljenim ili nedopustivim prava i tužbe državljana protivničke strane.

Takođe je zabranjeno učesnicima u ratu da prisiljavaju državljane protivničke strane da učestvuju u ratnim operacijama usmerenim protiv njihove države, čak i u slučaju kad su oni bili u njihovoj službi pre rata. Član 24. Ratna lukavstva i upotreba sredstava potrebnih za pribavljanje obaveštenja o neprijatelju i zemljištu smatraju se dopuštenim. Član 25. Zabranjeno je napadati ili bombardovati bilo kojim sredstvom nebranjene gradove, sela, naselja ili zgrade. Član 26. Komandant trupa u napadu, pre nego što preduzme bombardovanje, mora učiniti sve što od njega zavisi da o tome obavesti vlasti, osim u slučaju juriša. Član 27. Prilikom opsada i bombardovanja moraju se preduzeti sve potrebne mere da se poštede, koliko je god to moguće, zgrade posvećene verskim obredima, umetnosti, nauci i dobrotvornim svrhama, istorijski spomenici, bolnice i sabirališta bolesnika i ranjenika, pod uslovom da nisu u isto vreme upotrebljeni u vojne svrhe. Dužnost je opsednutih da označe te zgrade i sabirališta specijalnim vidnim znacima koji će biti unapred saopšteni opsađivaču. Član 28. Zabranjeno je prepustiti pljački grad ili mesto, makar bili osvojeni na juriš. Glava II O špijunima Član 29. Kao špijun se smatra samo ono lice koje, delujući potajno ili pod lažnim izgovorima, prikuplja ili nastoji da prikupi obaveštenja u zoni operacija jedne zaraćene strane, sa namerom da ih saopšti

(c) To kill or wound an enemy who, having laid down his arms, or having no longer means of defence, has surrendered at discretion;

(d) To declare that no quarter will be given; (e) To employ arms, projectiles, or material

calculated to cause unnecessary suffering; (f) To make improper use of a flag of truce, of the

national flag or of the military insignia and uniform of the enemy, as well as the distinctive badges of the Geneva Convention;

(g) To destroy or seize the enemy's property, unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war;

(h) To declare abolished, suspended, or inadmissible in a court of law the rights and actions of the nationals of the hostile party.

A belligerent is likewise forbidden to compel the nationals of the hostile party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country, even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the war Article 24. Ruses of war and the employment of measures necessary for obtaining information about the enemy and the country are considered permissible. Article 25. T he attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings which are undefended is prohibited. Article 26. The officer in command of an attacking force must, before commencing a bombardment, except in cases of assault, do all in his power to warn the authorities. Article 27. In sieges and bombardments all necessary steps must be taken to spare, as far as possible, buildings dedicated to religion, art, science, or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals, and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not being used at the time for military purposes. It is the duty of the besieged to indicate the presence of such buildings or places by distinctive and visible signs, which shall be notified to the enemy beforehand. Article 28. The pillage of a town or place, even when taken by assault, is prohibited. Chapter II Spies Article 29. A person can only be considered a spy when, acting clandestinely or on false pretences, he obtains or endeavours to obtain information in the zone of operations of a belligerent, with the







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protivničkoj strani. Prema tome, ne smatraju se špijunima neprerušeni vojnici koji prodru u operacionu zonu neprijateljske vojske radi prikupljanja obaveštenja. Isto tako, ne smatraju se špijunima vojna i nevojna lica zadužena da prenose pošiljke namenjene bilo njihovoj bilo neprijateljskoj vojsci, koja otvoreno vrše svoj zadatak. Toj vrsti pripadaju takođe i lica upućena u balonu da prenose pošiljke i da održavaju vezu između raznih delova jedne vojske ili teritorija. Član 30. Špijun uhvaćen na delu ne može biti kažnjen bez prethodnog suđenja. Član 31. Špijuna koga, pošto se ponovo priključio svojoj vojsci, kasnije zarobi neprijatelj, smatra se ratnim zarobljenikom i ne podleže nikakvoj odgovornosti za pređašnja dela špijunaže. Glava III O parlamentarima Član 32. Parlamentarom se smatra lice koje jedna od zaraćenih strana ovlasti da stupi u pregovore s drugom stranom i koje dolazi sa belom zastavom. Ono ima pravo na nepovredivost, kao i trubač, nosilac znaka ili dobošar, zastavnik i tumač, koji su u njegovoj pratnji. Član 33. Komandant kome se parlamentar šalje nije dužan da ga primi u svakom slučaju. On može da preduzme sve potrebne mere da bi sprečio parlamentara da svoju misiju koristi za pribavljanje obaveštenja. On ima pravo da u slučaju zloupotrebe privremeno zadrži parlamentara. Član 34. Parlamentar gubi pravo na nepovredivost ako se na pozitivan i nesporan način dokaže da se koristio svojim povlašćenim položajem da bi izazvao ili počinio akt verolomstva. Glava IV O kapitulacijama Član 35. Kapitulacije ugovorene među stranama ugovornicama moraju voditi računa o pravilima vojničke časti. Kad se jednom utvrde, one moraju biti dosledno poštovane od obeju strana.

intention of communicating it to the hostile party. Thus, soldiers not wearing a disguise who have penetrated into the zone of operations of the hostile army, for the purpose of obtaining information, are not considered spies. Similarly, the following are not considered spies: Soldiers and civilians, carrying out their mission openly, entrusted with the delivery of despatches intended either for their own army or for the enemy's army. To this class belong likewise persons sent in balloons for the purpose of carrying despatches and, generally, of maintaining communications between the different parts of an army or a territory. Article 30. A spy taken in the act shall not be punished without previous trial. Article 31. A spy who, after rejoining the army to which he belongs, is subsequently captured by the enemy, is treated as a prisoner of war, and incurs no responsibility for his previous acts of espionage. Chapter III Flags of truce Article 32. A person is regarded as a parlementaire who has been authorized by one of the belligerents to enter into communication with the other, and who advances bearing a white flag. He has a right to inviolability, as well as the trumpeter, bugler or drummer, the flag-bearer and interpreter who may accompany him. Article 33. The commander to whom a parlementaire is sent is not in all cases obliged to receive him. He may take all the necessary steps to prevent the parlementaire taking advantage of his mission to obtain information. In case of abuse, he has the right to detain the parlementaire temporarily. Article 34. The parlementaire loses his rights of inviolability if it is proved in a clear and incontestable manner that he has taken advantage of his privileged position to provoke or commit an act of treason. Chapter IV Capitulations Article 35. Capitulations agreed upon between the Contracting Parties must take into account the rules of military honour. Once settled, they must be scrupulously observed by both parties.







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Glava V O primirju Član 36. Primirje obustavlja ratne operacije uzajamnim sporazumom zaraćenih strana. Ako njegovo trajanje nije utvrđeno, zaraćene strane mogu u svako doba nastaviti sa operacijama, pod uslovom da ipak neprijatelj bude upozoren u ugovorenom roku, u skladu sa uslovima primirja. Član 37. Primirje može biti opšte i lokalno. Prvo obustavlja svuda ratne operacije zaraćenih država; drugo samo između određenih delova zaraćenih vojski i na određenom prostoru. Član 38. Primirje mora biti službeno i pravovremeno saopšteno nadležnim vlastima i trupama. Neprijateljstva se obustavljaju odmah po saopštavanju ili u utvrđeno vreme. Član 39. Prepušta se ugovornim stranama da utvrde, u uslovima primirja, odnose koji će na ratištu biti dozvoljeni prema stanovništvu i između njih samih. Član 40. Svako ozbiljno kršenje primirja koje počini jedna strana, drugoj strani daje pravo da otkaže primirje i čak, u hitnim slučajevima, da odmah nastavi sa neprijateljstvima. Član 41. Kršenje uslova primirja koje počine pojedinci, delujući po sopstvenoj inicijativi, daje pravo jedino da se traži kažnjavanje krivaca i, ako je opravdano, naknada za pretrpljene gubitke. DEO III O vojnoj vlasti na teritoriji neprijateljske države Član 42. Teritorija se smatra okupiranom kad je stvarno potčinjena vlasti neprijateljske vojske. Okupacija se prostire samo na teritorije gde je ta vlast uspostavljena i u stanju je da se održava. Član 43. Pošto je vlast zakonite vlasti faktički prešla u ruke okupatora, on je dužan da preduzme sve mere koje od njega zavise da bi uspostavio i obezbedio, koliko god je to moguće, javni red i sigurnost, poštujući, izuzev apsolutne sprečenosti, zakone koji su na snazi u zemlji. Član 44. Zabranjeno je zaraćenoj strani da prisiljava stanovništvo okupirane teritorije na davanje

Chapter V Armistices Article 36. An armistice suspends military operations by mutual agreement between the belligerent parties. If its duration is not defined, the belligerent parties may resume operations at any time, provided always that the enemy is warned within the time agreed upon, in accordance with the terms of the armistice. Article 37. An armistice may be general or local. The first suspends the military operations of the belligerent States everywhere; the second only between certain fractions of the belligerent armies and within a fixed radius. Article 38. An armistice must be notified officially and in good time to the competent authorities and to the troops. Hostilities are suspended immediately after the notification, or on the date fixed. Article 39. It rests with the Contracting Parties to settle, in the terms of the armistice, what communications may be held in the theatre of war with the inhabitants and between the inhabitants of one belligerent State and those of the other. Article 40. Any serious violation of the armistice by one of the parties gives the other party the right of denouncing it, and even, in cases of urgency, of recommencing hostilities immediately. Article 41. A violation of the terms of the armistice by private persons acting on their own initiative only entitles the injured party to demand the punishment of the offenders or, if necessary, compensation for the losses sustained. SECTION III Military Authority over the Territory of the Hostile State Article 42. Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army. The occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and can be exercised. Article 43. The authority of the legitimate power having in fact passed into the hands of the occupant, the latter shall take all the measures in his power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety, while respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the country. Article 44. A belligerent is forbidden to force the inhabitants of territory occupied by it to furnish information







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podataka o vojsci druge zaraćene strane ili o njenim odbrambenim sredstvima. Član 45. Zabranjeno je prisiljavati stanovništvo okupirane teritorije na polaganje zakletve neprijateljskoj sili. Član 46. Čast i prava porodice, lični život i privatna svojina, kao i verska uverenja i obavljanje verskih obreda se moraju poštovati. Privatna svojina ne može biti konfiskovana. Član 47. Pljačka je izričito zabranjena. Član 48. Ako okupator na okupiranom području ubira poreze, dažbine i naknade ustanovljene u korist države, on će to učiniti, koliko god je moguće, prema pravilima i poreskoj osnovici i razrezu koji su na snazi i za njega će iz toga proisticati obaveza da snosi troškove uprave okupiranog područja u meri u kojoj je zakonita vlada to bila dužna. Član 49. Ako osim poreza nabrojanih u prethodnom članu, okupator ubira na okupiranoj teritoriji i druge kontribucije u novcu, to može biti samo za potrebe vojske ili uprave te teritorije. Član 50. Nikakva kolektivna kazna, novčana ili druga kazna, ne može se izreći protiv stanovništva zbog dela pojedinaca za koje ono može biti smatrano solidarno odgovornim. Član 51. Nikakva kontribucija ne može biti ubirana, osim na osnovu pisane naredbe i pod odgovornošću jednog komandujućeg generala. To ubiranje se mora obavljati, koliko god je to moguće, samo u skladu sa pravilima o poreskoj osnovici i razrezu poreza. Za svaku kontribuciju oporezovanima se izdaje priznanica. Član 52. Rekvizicije u naturi i usluge mogu biti tražene od opština i stanovnika samo za potrebe okupacione vojske. One moraju biti u skladu sa mogućnostima zemlje i takve prirode da ne obavezuju stanovništvo za učestvovanje u ratnim operacijama protiv njegove otadžbine. Te rekvizicije i usluge mogu da budu tražene samo sa ovlašćenjem komandanta u okupiranom mestu. Davanja u naturi biće, koliko je to moguće, plaćena u gotovom; ako ne, za njih se mora dati priznanica i plaćanje iznosa će se obaviti što je moguće pre.

about the army of the other belligerent, or about its means of defence. Article 45. It is forbidden to compel the inhabitants of occupied territory to swear allegiance to the hostile Power. Article 46. Family honour and rights, the lives of persons, and private property, as well as religious convictions and practice, must be respected. Private property cannot be confiscated. Article 47. Pillage is formally forbidden. Article 48. If, in the territory occupied, the occupant collects the taxes, dues, and tolls imposed for the benefit of the State, he shall do so, as far as is possible, in accordance with the rules of assessment and incidence in force, and shall in consequence be bound to defray the expenses of the administration of the occupied territory to the same extent as the legitimate Government was so bound. Article 49. If, in addition to the taxes mentioned in the above article, the occupant levies other money contributions in the occupied territory, this shall only be for the needs of the army or of the administration of the territory in question. Article 50. No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, shall be inflicted upon the population on account of the acts of individuals for which they cannot be regarded as jointly and severally responsible. Article 51. No contribution shall be collected except under a written order, and on the responsibility of a commander-in-chief. The collection of the said contribution shall only be effected as far as possible in accordance with the rules of assessment and incidence of the taxes in force. For every contribution a receipt shall be given to the contributors. Article 52. Requisitions in kind and services shall not be demanded from municipalities or inhabitants except for the needs of the army of occupation. They shall be in proportion to the resources of the country, and of such a nature as not to involve the inhabitants in the obligation of taking part in military operations against their own country. Such requisitions and services shall only be demanded on the authority of the commander in the locality occupied. Contributions in kind shall as far is possible be paid for in cash; if not, a receipt shall be given and the payment of the amount due shall be made as soon as possible.







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Član 53. Okupaciona vojska može da zapleni samo gotovinu, fondove i dospele papire od vrednosti koji pripadaju neposredno državi, skladišta oružja, prevozna sredstva, skladišta i zalihe, kao i svu pokretnu državnu imovinu koja može da služi ratnim operacijama. Sva sredstva na zemlji, moru i u vazduhu, namenjena prenosu vesti, prevozu lica ili stvari, osim slučajeva za koje važi pomorsko pravo, skladišta oružja uopšte, sve vrste ratnog materijala, mogu biti zaplenjeni čak i ako pripadaju privatnim licima, ali moraju prilikom zaključenja mira biti vraćeni i mora za njih biti plaćena naknada. Član 54. Podmorski kablovi koji vezuju okupiranu teritoriju sa nekom neutralnom teritorijom, ne mogu biti zaplenjeni ni uništeni, osim u slučaju apsolutne potrebe. Oni takođe moraju, prilikom zaključenja mira, biti vraćeni i za njih se mora platiti naknada. Član 55. Država-okupator se smatra samo administratorom i plodouživaocem javnih građevina, nepokretnosti, šuma i poljoprivrednih dobara koja pripadaju neprijateljskoj državi, a nalaze se u okupiranoj oblasti. Ona mora očuvati osnovna sredstva tih imanja i njima upravljati u skladu sa pravilima plodouživanja. Član 56. Sa opštinskim dobrima, dobrima ustanova posvećenih verskim obredima, dobročinstvu, nastavi, nauci i umetnosti, čak i kad pripadaju državi, postupa se kao sa privatnom svojinom. Svaka zaplena, uništenje ili namerno oštećenje sličnih ustanova, istorijskih spomenika, umetničkih i naučnih dela je zabranjeno i mora biti predmet postupanja po zakonu.

Article 53. An army of occupation can only take possession of cash, funds, and realizable securities which are strictly the property of the State, depots of arms, means of transport, stores and supplies, and, generally, all movable property belonging to the State which may be used for military operations. All appliances, whether on land, at sea, or in the air, adapted for the transmission of news, or for the transport of persons or things, exclusive of cases governed by naval law, depots of arms, and, generally, all kinds of munitions of war, may be seized, even if they belong to private individuals, but must be restored and compensation fixed when peace is made. Article 54. Submarine cables connecting an occupied territory with a neutral territory shall not be seized or destroyed except in the case of absolute necessity. They must likewise be restored and compensation fixed when peace is made. Article 55. The occupying State shall be regarded only as administrator and usufructuary of public buildings, real estate, forests, and agricultural estates belonging to the hostile State, and situated in the occupied country. It must safeguard the capital of these properties, and administer them in accordance with the rules of usufruct. Article 56. The property of municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property, shall be treated as private property. All seizure of, destruction or wilful damage done to institutions of this character, historic monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.




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V Haška konvencija o pravima i

dužnostima neutralnih sila i lica u slučaju rata na kopnu

Hague Convention (V) Neutrality in Case of War on Land

14

V Haška konvencija o pravima i dužnostima neutralnih sila i lica u

slučaju rata na kopnu Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine

U nameri da bolje utvrde prava i dužnosti neutralnih Sila u slučaju rata na kopnu i da regulišu položaj boraca zaraćenih strana izbeglih na neutralnu teritoriju; u želji da definišu značenje izraza neutralan u očekivanju mogućnosti potpunog regulisanja položaja neutralnih sila u njihovim odnosima sa zaraćenima; rešili su da zaključe Konvenciju u tom cilju i imenovali su prema tome kao svoje punomoćnike: (slede imena punomoćnika...) Oni su se, pošto su deponovali svoja punomoćja, nađena u dobroj i propisanoj formi, složili o sledećim odredbama: GLAVA I PRAVA I DUŽNOSTI NEUTRALNIH SILA Član 1. Teritorija neutralnih Sila je nepovrediva. Član 2. Zabranjeno je zaraćenim stranama da svoje trupe ili konvoje, bilo s municijom ili opskrbom, provode preko teritorija jedne neutralne Sile. Član 3. Zaraćenim stranama je takođe zabranjeno:

a) da na teritoriji jedne neutralne Sile instaliraju radio-telegrafsku stanicu ili ma kakav uređaj namenjen da služi kao sredstvo veze sa zaraćenim stranama na kopnu ili na moru;

b) da upotrebljavaju ma kakav uređaj ove vrste koji su ustanovile pre rata na teritoriji neutralne Sile u isključivo vojne svrhe, a koji nije bio otvoren za službu javnog poštanskog saobraćaja.

Član 4. Na teritoriji jedne neutralne Sile ne smeju se u korist zaraćenih strana osnivati boračke jedinice niti otvarati uredi za regrutovanje. Član 5. Neutralna Sila ne sme tolerisati na svojoj teritoriji nijedan od akata navedenih u čl. 2. do 4. Ona je dužna da kažnjava akte suprotne neutralnosti samo ako su počinjeni na njenoj

Convention (V) respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land

The Hague, 18 October 1907 With a view to laying down more clearly the rights and duties of neutral Powers in case of war on land and regulating the position of the belligerents who have taken refuge in neutral territory; Being likewise desirous of defining the meaning of the term "neutral," pending the possibility of settling, in its entirety, the position of neutral individuals in their relations with the belligerents; Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect, and have, in consequence, appointed the following as their plenipotentiaries: (Here follow the names of Plenipotentiaries.) Who, after having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following provisions: CHAPTER I THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF NEUTRAL POWERS Article 1 The territory of neutral Powers is inviolable. Article 2 Belligerents are forbidden to move troops or convoys of either munitions of war or supplies across the territory of a neutral Power. Article 3 Belligerents are likewise forbidden to:

(a) Erect on the territory of a neutral Power a wireless telegraphy station or other apparatus for the purpose of communicating with belligerent forces on land or sea;

(b) Use any installation of this kind established by them before the war on the territory of a neutral Power for purely military purposes, and which has not been opened for the service of public messages.

Article 4 Corps of combatants cannot be formed nor recruiting agencies opened on the territory of a neutral Power to assist the belligerents. Article 5 A neutral Power must not allow any of the acts referred to in Articles 2 to 4 to occur on its territory. It is not called upon to punish acts in violation of its neutrality unless the said acts have been committed on its own territory.




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vlastitoj teritoriji. Član 6. Činjenica da pojedinci pojedinačno prelaze granicu da bi se stavili u službu jedne od zaraćenih strana ne povlači odgovornost neutralne Sile. Član 7. Neutralna Sila nije dužna da sprečava izvoz ili tranzit za račun jedne ili druge zaraćene strane oružja, municije i svega što uopšte može biti od koristi vojsci ili mornarici. Član 8. Neutralna Sila nije dužna da zaraćenim stranama zabrani ili ograniči upotrebu telegrafskih ili telefonskih kablova kao i uređaja bežične telegrafije, bilo da su njeno vlasništvo ili da su vlasništvo kompanija ili pojedinaca. Član 9. Neutralna Sila mora da primenjuje nepristrasno na zaraćene strane sve mere ograničenja ili zabrane koje preduzme u vezi sa navedenim u čl. 7. i 8. Neutralna Sila će se brinuti da kompanije ili pojedinci, vlasnici telegrafskih ili telefonskih kablova ili uređaja bežične telegrafije takođe poštuju ovu obavezu. Član 10. Činjenica da jedna neutralna Sila odbija, makar i silom, napade na svoju neutralnost, ne može se smatrati neprijateljskim aktom. GLAVA II INTERNIRANI BORCI ZARAĆENIH STRANA I NEGOVANJE RANJENIKA NA NEUTRALNOJ TERITORIJI Član 11. Neutralna Sila koja prima na svoju teritoriju trupe koje pripadaju zaraćenim vojskama, interniraće ih, koliko je to moguće, daleko od ratne pozornice. Ona ih može čuvati u logorima i čak ih zatvoriti u tvrđave ili mesta pogodna za tu svrhu. Ona će odlučiti da li oficiri mogu biti ostavljeni na slobodi, uz obavezu na reč da neće bez ovlašćenja napustiti neutralnu teritoriju. Član 12. Ako o tome ne postoji posebna konvencija, neutralna Sila će snabdevati internirce namirnicama, odećom i pomoći koju zahteva čovečnost. Troškovi prouzrokovani interniranjem biće priznati prilikom zaključenja mira. Član 13. Neutralna Sila koja primi odbegle ratne zarobljenike, ostaviće ih na slobodi. Ako im dozvoli boravak na njenoj teritoriji, ona im može odrediti boravište. Isto pravilo se primenjuje i na ratne zarobljenike koje

Article 6 The responsibility of a neutral Power is not engaged by the fact of persons crossing the frontier separately to offer their services to one of the belligerents. Article 7 A neutral Power is not called upon to prevent the export or transport, on behalf of one or other of the belligerents, of arms, munitions of war, or, in general, of anything which can be of use to an army or a fleet. Article 8 A neutral Power is not called upon to forbid or restrict the use on behalf of the belligerents of telegraph or telephone cables or of wireless telegraphy apparatus belonging to it or to companies or private individuals. Article 9 Every measure of restriction or prohibition taken by a neutral Power in regard to the matters referred to in Articles 7 and 8 must be impartially applied by it to both belligerents. A neutral Power must see to the same obligation being observed by companies or private individuals owning telegraph or telephone cables or wireless telegraphy apparatus. Article 10 The fact of a neutral Power resisting, even by force, attempts to violate its neutrality cannot be regarded as a hostile act. CHAPTER II BELLIGERENTS INTERNED AND WOUNDED TENDED IN NEUTRAL TERRITORY Article 11 A neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission. Article 12 In the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclusion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good. Article 13 A neutral Power which receives escaped prisoners of war shall leave them at liberty. If it allows them to remain in its territory it may assign them a place of residence. The same rule applies to prisoners of war brought by troops taking refuge in the territory of a neutral Power.




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dovedu jedinice izbegle na teritoriju neutralne sile. Član 14. Neutralna Sila može da dopusti prelazak preko svoje teritorije ranjenicima ili bolesnicima koji pripadaju zaraćenim vojskama, pod rezervom da transportna sredstva koja ih dovoze ne prenose ni borce ni ratni materijal. U sličnom slučaju neutralna Sila je dužna da preduzme mere bezbednosti i kontrole potrebne u tu svrhu. Ranjenike i bolesnike koje jedna od zaraćenih strana dovede pod tim uslovima na neutralnu teritoriju, a koji pripadaju protivnoj strani, neutralna Sila mora čuvati tako da ne mogu ponovo učestvovati u ratnim operacijama. Neutralna Sila ima iste dužnosti u pogledu ranjenika i bolesnika druge vojske koji bi joj bili povereni. Član 15. Ženevska konvencija se primenjuje na bolesnike i ranjenike internirane na neutralnoj teritoriji. GLAVA III NEUTRALNA LICA Član 16. Neutralnim licima se smatraju državljani jedne države koja ne učestvuje u ratu. Član 17. Neutralno lice se ne može pozvati na svoju neutralnost:

(a) ako počini neprijateljske akte protiv jedne zaraćene strane;

(b) ako počini akte u korist jedne zaraćene strane, naročito ako dobrovoljno stupi u službu u redovima oružane sile jedne od strana. U takvom slučaju, zaraćena strana protiv koje je neutralno lice odstupilo od svoje neutralnosti, neće prema njemu postupati strože nego što može, zbog istog dela, postupati prema državljanima druge zaraćene države.

Član 18. Neće se smatrati aktom počinjenim u korist jedne zaraćene strane, u smislu člana 17. tačka b):

a) izvršene isporuke ili zajmovi odobreni jednoj od zaraćenih strana, pod uslovom da isporučilac ili zajmodavac ne stanuje na teritoriji druge strane, ni na teritoriji koju je ova okupirala, i da isporuke ne potiču sa tih teritorija;

b) usluge učinjene u oblasti policije i civilne uprave.

Article 14 A neutral Power may authorize the passage over its territory of the sick and wounded belonging to the belligerent armies, on condition that the trains bringing them shall carry neither personnel nor war material. In such a case, the neutral Power is bound to take whatever measures of safety and control are necessary for the purpose. The sick or wounded brought under the these conditions into neutral territory by one of the belligerents, and belonging to the hostile party, must be guarded by the neutral Power so as to ensure their not taking part again in the military operations. The same duty shall devolve on the neutral State with regard to wounded or sick of the other army who may be committed to its care. Article 15 The Geneva Convention applies to sick and wounded interned in neutral territory. CHAPTER III NEUTRAL PERSONS Article 16 The nationals of a State which is not taking part in the war are considered as neutrals. Article 17 A neutral cannot avail himself of his neutrality

(a) If he commits hostile acts against a belligerent;

(b) If he commits acts in favour of a belligerent, particularly if he voluntarily enlists in the ranks of the armed force of one of the parties. In such a case, the neutral shall not be more severely treated by the belligerent as against whom he has abandoned his neutrality than a national of the other belligerent State could be for the same act.

Article 18 The following acts shall not be considered as committed in favour of one belligerent in the sense of Article 17, letter (b):

(a) Supplies furnished or loans made to one of the belligerents, provided that the person who furnishes the supplies or who makes the loans lives neither in the territory of the other party nor in the territory occupied by him, and that the supplies do not come from these territories;

(b) Services rendered in matters of police or civil administration




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GLAVA IV ŽELEZNIČKI MATERIJAL Član 19. Železnički materijal poreklom sa teritorija neutralnih Sila, bilo da pripada tim Silama, bilo društvima ili privatnim licima, a koji se može prepoznati kao takav, jedna zaraćena strana moći će da rekvirira i upotrebljava samo u meri u kojoj to iziskuje vojna potreba. On će biti poslat nazad u zemlju porekla, čim to bude moguće. Neutralna Sila će moći isto tako, u slučaju potrebe, zadržati i upotrebljavati u odgovarajućoj meri materijal poreklom sa teritorije zaraćene Sile. S jedne i druge strane biće plaćena naknada u srazmeri sa upotrebljenim materijalom i trajanjem upotrebe. GLAVA V ZAVRŠNE ODREDBE Član 20. Odredbe ove konvencije primenjivaće se samo između Sila ugovornica i samo ako su sve zaraćene Sile članice konvencije. Član 21. Ova konvencija će biti ratifikovana što je pre moguće. Ratifikacije će biti deponovane u Hagu. Prvo deponovanje ratifikacija biće konstatovano zapisnikom koji potpisuju predstavnici Sila koje u tome učestvuju i ministar spoljnih poslova Holandije. Naknadna deponovanja ratifikacija obavljaće se putem pisane notifikacije upućene Vladi Holandije s priloženim ratifikacionim instrumentom. Overene prepise zapisnika o prvom deponovanju ratifikacija, notifikacija pomenutih u prethodnom stavu, kao i ratifikacionih instrumenata biće odmah uručene, brigom Vlade Holandije i diplomatskim putem, Silama pozvanim na Drugu konferenciju o miru, kao i drugim silama koje budu pristupile Konvenciji. U slučajevima navedenim u prethodnom stavu, Vlada Holandije će im istovremeno saopštiti datum kad je primila notifikaciju. Član 22. Sile koje nisu potpisale Konvenciju mogu da joj pristupe. Sila koja želi da pristupi, notifikuje svoju nameru Vladi Holandije, dostavljajući joj akt o pristupu koji će biti deponovan u arhivi Vlade Holandije. Vlada Holandije će odmah dostaviti svim drugim Silama overeni prepis notifikacije kao i akte o

CHAPTER IV RAILWAY MATERIAL Article 19 Railway material coming from the territory of neutral Powers, whether it be the property of the said Powers or of companies or private persons, and recognizable as such, shall not be requisitioned or utilized by a belligerent except where and to the extent that it is absolutely necessary. It shall be sent back as soon possible to the country of origin. A neutral Power may likewise, in case of necessity, retain and utilize to an equal extent material coming from the territory of the belligerent Power. Compensation shall be paid by one Party or the other in proportion to the material used, and to the period of usage. CHAPTER V FINAL PROVISIONS Article 20 The provisions of the present Convention do not apply except between Contracting Powers and then only if all the belligerents are Parties to the Convention. Article 21 The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The ratifications shall be deposited at The Hague. The first deposit of ratifications shall be recorded in a ' procès-verbal ' signed by the representatives of the Powers which take part therein and by the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs. The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means of a written notification, addressed to the Netherlands Government and accompanied by the instrument of ratification. A duly certified copy of the ' procès-verbal ' relative to the first deposit of ratifications, of the notifications mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and of the instruments of ratification shall be immediately sent by the Netherlands Government, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers invited to the Second Peace Conference as well as to the other Powers which have adhered to the Convention. In the cases contemplated in the Preceding paragraph, the said Government shall at the same time inform them of the date on which it received the notification. Article 22 Non-Signatory Powers may adhere to the present Convention. The Power which desires to adhere notifies its intention in writing to the Netherlands Government, forwarding to it the act of adhesion, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government. This Government shall immediately forward to all the




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18

pristupanju, označavajući datum kad je primila notifikaciju. Član 23. Ova konvencija će stupiti na snagu šezdeset dana nakon datuma zapisnika o deponovanju za Sile koje budu učestvovale u prvom deponovanju ratifikacija, a za Sile koje budu naknadno ratifikovale ili pristupile, šezdeset dana pošto je Vlada Holandije primila notifikaciju o njihovoj ratifikaciji ili pristupanju. Član 24. Ako bi se desilo da jedna od Sila ugovornica želi da otkaže ovu konvenciju, otkaz će biti notifikovan pisano Vladi Holandije koja će odmah dostaviti overeni prepis notifikacije svim drugim Silama, saopštavajući datum kad je notifikaciju primila. Otkaz će imati dejstvo samo u pogledu Sile koja ga je notifikovala i to godinu dana pošto je Vlada Holandije primila notifikaciju. Član 25. Ministarstvo spoljnih poslova Holandije držaće jedan registar koji će označavati datum deponovanja ratifikacija na osnovu člana 21. st. 3. i 4, kao i datum prijema notifikacija o pristupanju (član 22. stav 2) ili otkaza (član 24. stav 1). Svaka Sila ugovornica ima pravo uvida u taj registar, kao i pravo da traži overene izvode iz njega. U potvrdu navedenog punomoćnici su stavili svoje potpise na ovu konvenciju. Sačinjeno u Hagu 18. oktobra 1907. godine u jednom jedinom primerku koji će ostati deponovan u arhivi Vlade Holandije i čiji će overeni prepisi biti uručeni diplomatskim putem Silama koje su bile pozvane na Drugu konferenciju o miru.

other Powers a duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of adhesion, mentioning the date on which it received the notification. Article 23 The present Convention shall come into force, in the case of the Powers, which were a Party to the first deposit of ratifications, sixty days after the date of the ' procès-verbal ' of this deposit, and, in the case of the Powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere, sixty days after the notification of their ratification or of their adhesion has been received by the Netherlands Government. Article 24 In the event of one of the Contracting Powers wishing to denounce the present Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Netherlands Government, which shall immediately communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all the other Powers, informing them at the same time of the date on which it was received. The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying Power, and one year after the notification has reached the Netherlands Government. Article 25 A register kept by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall give the date of the deposit of ratifications made in virtue of Article 21, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the notifications of adhesion (Article 22, paragraph 2) or of denunciation (Article 24, paragraph I) have been received. Each Contracting Power is entitled to have access to this register and to be supplied with duly certified extracts from it. In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures to the present Convention. Done at The Hague, 18 October 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherlands Government and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference




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XIII Haška konvencija o pravima i dužnostima neutralnih država

u ratu na moru

Hague Convention(XIII) Neutrality in Case in Naval War

20

XIII Haška konvencija o pravima i dužnostima neutralnih država u ratu na

moru Hag, 18. oktobar 1907. godine

Član 1. Zaraćene strane su dužne da poštuju suverena prava neutralnih država i da se uzdržavaju, na kopnu i na vodama, od dela koja bi, za državu koja bi ih trpela, predstavljala povredu njihove neutralnosti. Član 2. Svi neprijateljski postupci, podrazumevajući tu i uzapćenje i pretres, koje izvrše ratni brodovi zaraćenih strana u teritorijalnom moru neutralne države, predstavljaju povredu neutralnosti i zabranjeni su. Član 3. Ako je brod uzapćen u teritorijalnim vodama neutralne države, ona je dužna, ako je uzapćeni brod još na teritoriji pod njenim suverenitetom, da upotrebi sva sredstva kojima raspolaže da oslobodi uzapćeni brod zajedno sa oficirima i posadom a da posadu, koju je kaptor postavio na brod, internira. Ako je uzapćeni brod van vlasti neutralne države, vlada kaptora je dužna da na zahtev neutralne države oslobodi uzapćeni brod s oficirima i posadom. Član 4. Zaraćena strana ne može na neutralnom zemljištu ili na nekom brodu u neutralnim morskim vodama ustanoviti sud za pomorski ratni plen. Član 5. Zaraćenim stranama je zabranjeno da u neutralnim lukama i neutralnim vodama stvaraju baze za pomorska delovanja protiv svojih protivnika, tj. da podižu radio-telegrafske stanice ili ma kakve uređaje koji služe kao sredstvo veze zaraćenim stranama na kopnu i na moru. Član 6. Zabranjeno je da neutralna država posredno ili neposredno ustupi, pod ma kakvim izgovorom, jednoj zaraćenoj strani ratne brodove, municiju ili ma kakav ratni materijal. Član 7. Neutralna država nije dužna da sprečava izvoz ili prevoženje oružja, municije ili uopšte svega onoga što može biti od koristi kopnenim i pomorskim oružanim snagama, a koji se vrše za račun jedne od zaraćenih strana. Član 8. Neutralna vlada je dužna da upotrebi sva sredstva kojima raspolaže da na teritoriji pod njenom vlašću spreči opremanje ili naoružavanje broda za koji se

Convention (XIII) concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval

War The Hague, 18 October 1907

Article 1 Belligerents are bound to respect the sovereign rights of neutral Powers and to abstain, in neutral territory or neutral waters, from any act which would, if knowingly permitted by any Power, constitute a violation of neutrality. Article 2 Any act of hostility, including capture and the exercise of the right of search, committed by belligerent war-ships in the territorial waters of a neutral Power, constitutes a violation of neutrality and is strictly forbidden. Article 3 When a ship has been captured in the territorial waters of a neutral Power, this Power must employ, if the prize is still within its jurisdiction, the means at its disposal to release the prize with its officers and crew, and to intern the prize crew. If the prize is not in the jurisdiction of the neutral Power, the captor Government, on the demand of that Power, must liberate the prize with its officers and crew. Article 4 A prize court cannot be set up by a belligerent on neutral territory or on a vessel in neutral waters. Article 5 Belligerents are forbidden to use neutral ports and waters as a base of naval operations against their adversaries, and in particular to erect wireless telegraphy stations or any apparatus for the purpose of communicating with the belligerent forces on land or sea. Article 6 The supply, in any manner, directly or indirectly, by a neutral Power to a belligerent Power, of war-ships, ammunition, or war material of any kind whatever, is forbidden. Article 7 A neutral Power is not bound to prevent the export or transit, for the use of either belligerent, of arms, ammunition, or, in general, of anything which could be of use to an army or fleet. Article 8 A neutral Government is bound to employ the means at its disposal to prevent the fitting out or arming of any vessel within its jurisdiction which it has reason to




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osnovano može smatrati da pomaže neprijateljsku državu s kojom je u miru. Isto tako je dužna da sa teritorije koja je pod njenom vlaŠću spreči odlazak svakom brodu namenjenom krstarenju ili pomaganju neprijateljskih delovanja, a koji bi na teritoriji pod njenom vlašću bio potpuno ili delimično opremljen za ratnu upotrebu. Član 9. Isto tako je neutralna država dužna da primeni jednako u odnosu na obe strane uslove, ograničenja ili zabrane koje je propisala u odnosu na ratne brodove zaraćenih ili na od njih uzapćene brodove koji se nalaze u njenim lukama, na njenim sidrištima ili u njenim teritorijalnim vodama. Međutim, neutralna država može zabraniti pristup u svoje luka i na svoja sidrišta onim brodovima zaraćenih strana koji ne poštuju naređenja i propise koje je ona izdala ili koji bi povredili neutralnost. Član 10. Neutralnost neke države nije dovedena u pitanje prostim prolaskom ratnih brodova i od njih uzapćenih brodova kroz njene teritorijalne vode. Član 11. Neutralna država može da dopusti da se ratni brodovi zaraćenih strana služe njenim ovlašćenim pilotima. Član 12. Ratnim brodovima zaraćenih strana je zabranjeno da, u nedostatku posebnih odredaba o zakonodavstvu neutralne države, borave u lukama, na sidrištima ili u teritorijalnim vodama te države duže od 24 sata, izuzimajući slučajeve predviđene ovom konvencijom. Član 13. Ako koja država, obaveštena o početku neprijateljstava, sazna da se neki ratni brod zaraćenih strana nalazi u nekoj njenoj luci, na sidrištu ili u njenim teritorijalnim vodama dužna, je da saopšti tom brodu da otplovi u roku od 24 časa ili u roku koji propisuje mesni zakon. Član 14. Ratni brod neke od zaraćenih strana sme produžiti bavljenje u neutralnoj luci i posle određenog zakonskog roka samo u slučaju havarije ili morske nepogode. On je dužan da otplovi čim prestane uzrok njegovog zadržavanja. Pravila o rokovima bavljenja u lukama, na sidrištima i u vodama neutralnih ne primenjuju se na državne brodove namenjene isključivo verskim, naučnim i dobrotvornim svrhama. Član 15. U nedostatku posebnih odredaba u zakonodavstvu neutralne države, mogu najviše tri ratna broda jedne zaraćene strane istovremeno boraviti u nekoj neutralnoj luci ili na sidrištu.

believe is intended to cruise, or engage in hostile operations, against a Power with which that Government is at peace. It is also bound to display the same vigilance to prevent the departure from its jurisdiction of any vessel intended to cruise, or engage in hostile operations, which had been adapted entirely or partly within the said jurisdiction for use in war. Article 9 A neutral Power must apply impartially to the two belligerents the conditions, restrictions, or prohibitions made by it in regard to the admission into its ports, roadsteads, or territorial waters, of belligerent warships or of their prizes. Nevertheless, a neutral Power may forbid a belligerent vessel which has failed to conform to the orders and regulations made by it, or which has violated neutrality, to enter its ports or roadsteads. Article 10 The neutrality of a Power is not affected by the mere passage through its territorial waters of war-ships or prizes belonging to belligerents. Article 11 A neutral Power may allow belligerent war-ships to employ its licensed pilots. Article 12 In the absence of special provisions to the contrary in the legislation of a neutral Power, belligerent warships are not permitted to remain in the ports, roadsteads, or territorial waters of the said Power for more than twenty-four hours, except in the cases covered by the present Convention. Article 13 If a Power which has been informed of the outbreak of hostilities learns that a belligerent war-ship is in one of its ports or roadsteads, or in its territorial waters, it must notify the said ship to depart within twenty-four hours or within the time prescribed by local regulations. Article 14 A belligerent war-ship may not prolong its stay in a neutral port beyond the permissible time except on account of damage or stress of weather. It must depart as soon as the cause of the delay is at an end. The regulations as to the question of the length of time which these vessels may remain in neutral ports, roadsteads, or waters, do not apply to war-ships devoted exclusively to religious, scientific, or philanthropic purposes. Article 15 In the absence of special provisions to the contrary in the legislation of a neutral Power, the maximum number of warships belonging to a belligerent which may be in one of the ports or roadsteads of that Power simultaneously shall be three.




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Član 16. Ako se ratni brodovi obeju zaraćenih strana istovremeno nalaze u nekoj neutralnoj luci, mora proteći najmanje 24 časa između odlaska brodova jedne i druge zaraćene strane.Red odlaska se određuje po redu dolaska, osim ako se brod koji je pre došao ne nalazi u stanju koje dopušta da se produži zakonski rok za boravak.Neprijateljski ratni brod ne sme napustiti neutralnu luku ili sidrište pre isteka roka od 24 časa po odlasku trgovačkog broda koji vije zastavu njegovog protivnika. Član 17. Ratni brodovi zaraćenih strana mogu u neutralnim lukama ili na sidrištim

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