october 2018 newsletter - tvcwrt.files.wordpress.com · web view10.10.2018 · we did compare...

We Say Farewell to a FriendCommand Sergeant Major (CSM) David Lady (United States Army Retired); President, Tennessee Valley Civil War Round TableEveryone that visits the Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table Web Site is welcomed by David Lady and his passion drives us forward:

Welcome to your Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table! The American Civil War was the most terrible and dramatic era in American history, and it has been a consuming interest of mine since my Virginia childhood. With our Board of Directors, I am dedicated to making the RT a leading proponent of Civil War history and preservation on a regional level. We are partnering with local historical groups to get the word out that both the issues that were settled and the issues that were not settled during American Civil War are fundamental to what America has become today; these issues must be appreciated or understood on several levels by every American. We are continuing to attract nationally known speakers and improve our Little Round Table discussion program, in order to provide you with that important knowledge. My ancestors were Kentuckians, Tennesseans, and Virginians who served on both sides of the war. Partisanship is, at least to me then, not important. What is important is that those folks served for cause, home, and comrades; we owe them our best efforts to learn what they knew or believed, what they did, and why they did it. So, whether you’re from north or south, east or west, or anywhere around the globe, come learn with us in a nonpartisan setting. We always welcome new guests, new members, and new volunteers.

David LadyPresident

The RT Announcement: On Tue, Sep 11, 2018 at 6:05 PM Emil Posey notified the membership of our loss; It is with deep sadness that I inform you that David passed away thismorning. I was notified by Jason, David and Ellen’s son, that he passedaway while they were enroute to the hospital to visit him. As far as Iknow, it was a quiet passing. He is survived by Ellen, their son Jasonand his wife Julie, and their daughter Geanne. His wished to be cremated and buried in a military cemetery. The familyThe TVCWRT is a not-for-profit organization providing a forum for non-partisan study, education, and discussions regarding the American Civil War. It also supports the preservation of Civil War battlefields and landmarks. The TVCWRT meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30 pm, the Elks lodge on Franklin Street Huntsville, Al.TVCWRT will never sell or rent your email address to anyone. Address: P.O. Box 2872 Huntsville, Alabama 35804.Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

is looking into Arlington National Cemetery. There are no funeralservices envisioned locally, just a small graveside service at thecemetery of burial. Jason suggested we consider organizing a socialgathering locally to celebrate David and what he meant to us. The familyhas not yet identified any charity or other non-profit organization fordonations on David’s behalf. I suggested we might recommend a Civil Warpreservation recipient in his name. Jason was enthusiastic at the idea. As to Ellen, no specific plans have been made, but Jason expects she willmove back to Ohio. Jason will keep us informed as plans develop. In the meantime, the Lady’shome address is 70 Maple Grove Blvd, SW, Huntsville, AL 35824. Ellen canbe reached by telephone on their home landline, 256-489-4230. Jason willmonitor David’s cell phone for text messages and such, 256-425-7298. I know I can speak for all as to how much David meant to us personally andas members of our Round Table, and how much he will be missed. I suggestwe gather our thoughts as to how we should proceed, perhaps beginning aconversation at our meeting Thursday. In the meantime, let’s keep Davidand his family in our prayers. Please pass this information on to anyone and everyone you believe wouldlike to be notified, both within the immediate RT family and in thebroader community that David touched. Ed, you might consider releasing aFlash Notice to the general membership ASAP. I’ll send notification toour neighboring RTs. Of course, it will certainly merit a few words and amoment of silence at our opening Thursday evening.

Godspeed to David; strength to Ellen and family. –Emil

Arley McCormick

On September 11, 2018 our Round Table President succumbed to cancer. It was not his first fight with a curse that steals so many precious lives. Nearly a decade ago, while the Newsletter Editor for the Round Table, he was forced to give up the position to fight cancer. He won and returned to the Round Table to become the Membership Chair, then moved into the Communications Chair, and finally, President. David brought a calm, calculating, intellectual presence to the Round Table that helped everyone focus on achieving objectives. But, his life and contribution to the Round Table is not the whole story. For the uninitiated, a CSM is a member of a small fraternity of the best soldiers America produces. After he acquired a degree from Whittenburg University in Springfield, Ohio he could apply to join the officer ranks but

The TVCWRT is a not-for-profit organization providing a forum for non-partisan study, education, and discussions regarding the American Civil War. It also supports the preservation of Civil War battlefields and landmarks. The TVCWRT meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30 pm, the Elks lodge on Franklin Street Huntsville, Al.TVCWRT will never sell or rent your email address to anyone. Address: P.O. Box 2872 Huntsville, Alabama 35804.Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

chose, in 1974, to enlist. His career path included tough positions of responsibility in Armor and Cavalry units. Throughout his service, with Ellen at his side, they impressed the Army leadership and his peers with their dedication and conscience consideration for soldiers until his retirement. My association with CSM David Lady began when we were in Europe. I retired there and was involved with the Association of the United States Army. David was the Command Sergeant Major of United States Army Europe and while we were not close associates, we worked on the same committee that instituted a trade fare to raise money for the Association and provide a forum to educate and inform soldiers regarding topics affecting their responsibilities to the European Community and the Middle East. We did compare notes regarding the battlefield exploits of Napoleon. He provided a far more informed perspective. During a commitment to serve in our country’s Army, there are many memorable characters that cross your path but only a handful are remembered by name and fewer stand out that illustrate the character you would like to emulate because they make those around them better soldiers, citizens, and representatives of our nation. David was that type of leader. He was the soldiers advocate and a peerless leader that guided the enlisted community with dignity and resolve and occasionally didn’t hesitate responding to a recalcitrant with firm committed guidance. He personified character and the unique ability to translate his Generals’ orders into action that troops could understand and execute. On my first visit to a Round Table presentation I was surprised to see David and I introduced myself. He didn’t remember me. I’m not surprised because our previous association was very brief, and I was a Napoleon neophyte but his reputation as a soldier was captivating and memorable, and I was very happy to make his association with less pressing distractions. David was the reason I joined the Round Table as an inadequately informed neophyte. I had no idea, but should have guessed, how knowledgeable the “Professor” was regarding the American Civil War. Just as he did while in uniform, when asked a question, he could clearly outline all the impact of the issue and frame the context of the topic. His descriptions were so vivid you could easily believe he was there on that day, at that time, taking notes. We have lost a friend and there is a void in our hearts and in the organization. It will take time to adjust to the empty chair CSM David Lady (USA Retired) our TVCWRT President once filled.

Arley McCormickNewsletter Editor


Comments from Round Table members and others.

Mark Hubbs co-founder of the Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table;

This is a shock, indeed and so sad. The last time Dave and I spoke we were comparing retirement plans. He had such great plans for he and Ellen. Phyllis and I are overseas. Please pass on any additional news that Jason might share.

Hubbs

Kent Wright former Programs Chair;

This is truly sad. We have lost a friend and a brilliant anchor of TVCWRT scholarship. We will all miss David as we try to come up to his standards.

Rest well Alte Dave.

Kent Wright

Robert Slamp, member of the Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table; So sad to hear this. I was hoping to get to know him so much better and listen to his story. Being from PA and visiting Gettysburg, as a visitor and reenactor, I was hoping to learn so much more about the Daniel Lady Farm there on the battlefield. Surely, my loss. I am a member of Bugles Across America, and complete honor guard missions for the North Alabama Military Honor Guard and American Legion Post 237. If the family wishes to have a memorial service in Huntsville, I would be honored to render taps. Please feel free to pass along that information to the family.Robert Slamp

Ed Kennedy TVCWRT Communication ChairAll,

This is extremely sad news. I will miss Dave’s expertise and counsel. He helped me assemble maps on the garage floor last year at this time for our The TVCWRT is a not-for-profit organization providing a forum for non-partisan study, education, and discussions regarding the American Civil War. It also supports the preservation of Civil War battlefields and landmarks. The TVCWRT meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30 pm, the Elks lodge on Franklin Street Huntsville, Al.TVCWRT will never sell or rent your email address to anyone. Address: P.O. Box 2872 Huntsville, Alabama 35804.Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

Murfreesboro visit. He was a very talented and intelligent man who we will miss for sure. My internet / email has been down for 40+ hours but is now back-up and working. I have not been ignoring folks but I was out of regular communications due to something beyond my knowledge and control.

Regards, Ed

Greg Wade; Franklin Tennessee Round Table;

I am so very sorry to hear this. I did not know David well but have methim and know of his work in history circles. Was this quick or a longterm illness? Can the Franklin Round Table do anything to assist?

Greg Wade

John Allen Former President of the TVCWRT;

Dear all,

I just spoke with Ellen and conveyed the shock and sadness we feel for David per the emails I’ve been seeing—even read a few of the comments to her.Ellen has family with her and is holding up well, considering. She sends love to all of us, and will communicate any plans for David thru Emil.The one thing she said several times was that David’s demise was shockingly fast—unexpectedly fast.

John Allen

Ellen Lady’s invitation;

Ellen Lady notified the Round Table of the following: I want you to know that the service for David at Redstone Arsenal on Monday, October 15 at 1 PM at the Von Brawn Complex 3. The Round Table membership is invited.

*Please Note: Someone with a Military Identification to access the arsenal (visitors can get a badge at the visitor’s center) but must be escorted by someone with a Military Identification to access the arsenal and attend the ceremony.


Tennessee Valley Civil War Round TableOctober 2018 Newsletter

To Inform and Educate Since 1993Contents

Announcements

October 11, Thursday; Gregg Biggs explains the Logistics of the Atlanta Campaign. ………………………………………. Page 7

Rembering Brian Hogan…….. Page 8

Mount UP; Let’s Ride; Forest Defends Mississippi TVCWRT Excursion Last …………………………… Chance ……………….…………….…..…… Page 9

Huntsville Ballet and the TVCWRT ……………..………………………. Page 10

Preservation Update by Former President Carol Codori…………………………………….. Page 11

Volksmarch Madison ………… Page 11

Maple Hill Cemetery Stroll……………………………………… Page 12

Board Reports ………………… Page 12 2018 Programs Membership

TVCWRT Features

Nooks and Crannies by Emil Posey;American Military Thought in 1860………………………..…….…,,.… Page 12

Book Reviews

Challenges of Command (Generals and Generalship) by Richard J. Sommers……..………………………………. Page 21

The Chickamauga Campaign by David A. Powell……………………………………… Page 23

Little RT Report by Arley McCormick Battle of Prairie Grove ……… Page 24

Little RT Schedule 2018/2019 ……………………………………… Page 26


Greg Biggs

Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

ANNOUNCEMENTS;

Greg Biggs, a great friend of the Round Table and a frequent contributor to our understanding of all aspects of the Civil War will be here on Thursday, 11 October. His topic is; “The question was one of supplies” - The Logistics for William T. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign. Greg lead a us on two tours in as many years focused on the Atlanta Campaign a few years back. There will be some in the audience that will recall the fantastic insight into the campaign.

Greg Biggs has been a student of military history for over 45 years. His study includes the Spartans through modern times. His Civil War articles have been published in Blue & Gray magazine, Civil War Regiments journal, North-South Trader, Citizen's Companion and local publications. He also has an essay in the recent book on the Tullahoma Campaign and is working on first person accounts of that campaign as well as a unit history of the 83rd Illinois Infantry. Greg is a Civil War flags historian and has consulted with a number of museums and authors and has presented flags programs to the Museum of the Confederacy and the National Civil War Museum among others. He has also assisted the Civil War Trust in securing flags for their web site. Greg lectures across the country on Civil War topics, primarily on flags and the Western Theater and he throws in a little Revolutionary War too. Greg leads tours of the Fort Donelson Campaign, the Tullahoma Campaign, the Atlanta Campaign and where The River Campaigns Began: Cairo, IL to Columbus/Belmont, KY for Civil War groups, individuals and U.S. Army Staff Rides. He is the president of the Clarksville Civil War Roundtable and an officer of the Nashville CWRT. He lives in Clarksville, Tennessee with his wife Karel, a 7th Grade science teacher, and their four cats named for Confederate cavalrymen.

LET’S VISIT NICK’s RISTORANTENick’s Ristorante remains the #1 steakhouse in North East Alabama and now has the Best Chef in the Valley as voted in The Planet.


Ed Holter, right, gets to eat at Nicks with the gift certificate he won at our September meeting.

We Thank, Homewood Suites by Hilton, (714 Gallatin Street SW

Huntsville) for their support for the Round Table.

In the event a scheduled meeting must be canceled, visit the website www.tvcwrt.org for a detailed update no later than 3:00 P.M. on the day of the meeting. A cancelation will only be for weather or if the Elks Lodge has an unexpected facility issue that requires closure. The board will not attempt to contact members.

Remembering Brian Hogan (1933 -2017)

Brian Hogan was a dedicated War Between the States historian and preservationist who lived in Huntsville, Alabama. A “transplant” Yankee, he was an early member of the Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table founded in 1993 and extremely active in its activities. Brian was an avid reader about all aspects of the war and accumulated a large and diverse book library. This library had a very large section on Confederate topics. Not only did Brian do research on topics regarding the Confederacy, he authored articles for local historical publications including the Huntsville-Madison County Historical Society. Brian was passionate regarding donating to the Civil War Battlefield Trust to preserve battlefields.

He was recognized and honored at the national level for his work in battlefield preservation. Although Brian was adopted, he energetically sought information about his ancestors who served in the Union Army. He became a member of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War and help found a camp in Huntsville (now disbanded). His love of history and preservation was honored by his family who generously donated his extensive library of books, maps, CDs, and DVDs to the Sons of Confederate Veterans to help found the Elm Springs General Headquarters Library. His research files were also


Our friend Nick of Nick's Resturante

http://www.tvcwrt.org/

donated with extensive notes and documents regarding topics of interest in the Confederacy. The paragraph you see above was written by Ed Kennedy who organized the RT to assist Brian’s daughters collect an extensive collection of Civil War books, memorabilia, and personal research papers

It is time to sign up and pay up to defend Mississippi. The per person cost (double occupancy): $170 includes all bus expenses, water on bus, handouts, and breakfast on Sunday. Not included are other drinks at rest stops, lunches


Reservation cut-off and payment due: October 11

Left to Right Fred Forest, John Allen, Ed Kennedy, and John Scales.

Brian's daughters Kathy and Juli.

Saturday and Sunday, and supper Saturday. Single rooms are $40 extra. Hotel is Wingate by Wyndham in Tupelo, MS. Depart from Space & Rocket Center parking lot 7 a.m. Saturday October 27th, return Sunday around 5 p.m. Sign up began Thursday 14 June. See Beth or Kevin.

Huntsville Ballet and the TVCWRT

There is still time to dust off the 19th Century Garb and attend or participate in the Huntsville Ballet is producing “The Letter”, written by Sullivan Ballou, in honor of the Bicentennial of Alabama. Mr. Philip Otto, the artistic director, has received a grant from the Alabama State Council of the Arts. He is choreographing and producing a world premier ballet based on this moving story of a Confederate soldier’s unwavering love for his wife and his country. Believing this to be an honorable endeavor, the TVCWRT board approved a gift in support of Mr. Otto’s undertaking. Performances will be Friday, October 26 at 7:30 pm, Saturday, October 27 at 2:00 pm, Saturday, October 27 at 7:30 pm, and Sunday, October 28 at 2:00 pm, at the VBC Playhouse. TVCWRT members are encouraged to participate in period costumes to greet guests. We could also use the opportunity to promote our club’s activities. Additionally, Mr. Otto is looking for musicians, specifically fife and drum as well as re-enactors. Anyone interested in participating should contact Beth Altenkirch at 256-513-1417.

Preservation Update; Provided by Carol Codori, former President of the TVCWRT


“Are we there yet?” Well, I think; Yes!

Downtown has a new Civil War-era landmark! In September, several RT members helped with sunken sidewalk preservation, at 205 Eastside Square. Handmade bricks from the late 1860s are now visible several feet below the new metal work and clear covering. Permanent signage, ribbon cutting, and regular maintenance will follow as part of Alabama’s 2019 Bicentennial. Donations or inquiries c/o [email protected] Volksmarching; Volksmarching is a family affair in Europe and a great time to socialize and visit while casually observing the beauty that surrounds us. The first annual Volksmarch in the City of Madison is scheduled for October. The march will include the city cemetery, with enactors located beside key graves of Civil War soldiers. The Village Green along the railroad tracks where the old depot stood during the war now has a double-sided Alabama Historical Marker to tell of both battles fought in the immediate area. One of the battles occurred at that precise site. Data on all of it, the men and their families, the two battles, easily and readily available for any volunteer who would undertake playing a role of just a few minutes each time a group of the marchers stop to listen. The march will be held on the morning of Saturday, October 27, from 9 until around noon and start and conclude on the Village Green. and award ceremonies immediately afterward, including a chance for everyone to enjoy Old Black Bear Brewery and other establishments along Main Street.

Maple Hill Commentary Stroll; October 21st; The Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table is invited to participate in the Maple Hill Cemetery Stroll.


mailto:[email protected]

Dress in period garb, chat with the crowd and market the advantages of learning about the Civil War with the Round Table.

Board Reports

Programs; 2018 programs as provided by Acting Programs and Field Trip Coordinator John Scales

Dates Presenter Program

8 Nov, 2018; Janet Croon, “The War Outside My Window”

Stand by for a special December meeting The Membership; submitted by Membership Chair, Kevin Rodriguez; our membership stands at 133 including families and students. Renew your membership and recruit new members begins now.

TVCWRT Features

Nooks and Crannies; American Military Thought in 1860Part 1; Drivers and Influences (Doctrinal Underpinnings) One of the surest ways of forming good combinations in war would be to order movements only after obtaining perfect information of the enemy's proceedings. – Baron Antoine-Henri de Jomini

In previous articles we touched on some of the political and social mindsets leading into the Civil War, so it’s fitting that we turn our attention to military thinking. This is a big topic for a newsletter format, so I’ll approach it in several parts. Part 1 will look at the influences driving the American military mind in 1860. Next month, Part 2 will look at Application – how that mindset drove initial strategies, North and South. Part 3 will assess how these influence-driven strategies were applied early on and then evolved as generals met the cudgel of reality. These discussions will be incorporated into several articles next year in the context of various battles and campaigns. This first part is an overview of theory and antebellum military practice. To facilitate our discussion, think of military thought resting on a three-legged stool: theory, operational history, and leadership (i.e., command guidance*). Intertwined into one base, their collective strength is determined by the weakest leg.


https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1368037



Napoleon Bonaparte

Antoine-Henri de Jomini

* I would categorize this as command doctrine, but there was precious little doctrine prior to the Civil War.

Theory

Prior to the Civil War, relevant military theorists were European. Nicollò Machiavelli and Sebastian le Prestre de Vauban were popular, as were the histories of warfare in Europe in the preceding 200 years – wars fought by Frederick the Great, for example – but they depicted an old style of war that was fast becoming outmoded. Machiavelli’s Art of War, for example, expressed various concepts that would pass the test of time (the purpose of war must be expressly defined, the necessity of state militia and an armed citizenry), but he spoke of military operations with small armies and very limited artillery (firearms on the battlefield were in their infancy during his time). Vauban was a military engineer renowned for his designing and construction of fixed fortifications, and how to break into them (his Traité de l’attaque des places). The stand-outs for study, though, were Napoleon Bonaparte and Baron Antoine-Henri de Jomini. Bonaparte – a bright, shining meteor – was the well spring of Western military theory in the 1800s. He was Europe’s most famous strategist and field commander but left no written record of his concepts and philosophies except for 78 maxims. These are a long list without much amplification and

thus aren’t a system of warfare per se – he wasn’t inclined to give away his secrets. His contributions to the operational art are gleaned from the study of his field organization for active campaigning and the conduct of the individual campaigns themselves. These were standard fare for every student of war, then and today. Jomini (1779-1891) was the leading military theorist of the times; the first great military thinker to analyze the Napoleonic way of war. Swiss born and a staff officer for his entire military career in both the French and Russian armies, he never attained a command of his own; his

participation in military action was limited to his normal staff duties. He was an ambitious, yet frustrated, soldier whose forte was an ability to analyze and record the basic concepts of war. He sought to devise a theoretical system for winning battles using his understanding of both Napoleon's failures and successes. Jomini’s first book on military theory was Traité des grandes operations militaires (Treatise on Major Military Operations). It was an immediate


Henry Wager Halleck

success, appearing in several volumes from 1804 to 1810 and read and discussed throughout Europe. He went on to write several major works and military histories. The influence of Jomini on the Civil War was profound. His greatest work, The Art of War,* was first published in 1838. Translated into all the major languages, it remained the foremost textbook on warfare well into the 1870s. Jomini's teachings were first introduced in America at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1817. The few text books available at that time were written in French. In fact, a translation of Gay de Vernon's A Treatise on the Science of War and Fortifications was, for years, the standard text on the science and art of war. Although this work primarily emphasized the engineering aspects of war, it also included a summary of Jomini's strategic precepts. Cadets also encountered Jomini's teachings in the classes of Professor Dennis Mahan. He integrated Jominian principles he had learned in Europe into a nine-hour course for seniors on the art of war. In 1848, he published his own short volume of Jominian theories: a pocket size book that is usually referred to by its short title Outpost. The most influential of his works, it focused on offense and became the basis of pertinent parts of the Army Regulations of 1857.

* In its original French: Précis de l'Art de la Guerre: Des Principales Combinaisons de la Stratégie, de la Grande Tactique et de la Politique Militaire. You will often see its

title as Summary of the Art of War, which is a more literal translation from the French, but typically in English translation it came out Art of War, which I use here.

Another Jomini proponent was Henry Wager Halleck (USMA 1839). He was the first American writer to attempt a “systematic exploration of the principles of strategy…with his publication of Elements of Military Art and Science in 1846.” Halleck owed his ideas on strategy mainly to Jomini. “He took Jomini’s first tenet of strategy as his very definition of the word: ‘Strategy…is defined to be the art of directing

masses on decisive points, or the hostile movements of armies beyond the range of each other’s cannon.’ Jomini’s principles in The Art of War are spread over 47 Articles collected into 7 chapters. He focused on four strategic principles – principles that many Civil War generals had memorized and could recite:* To explain how his principles should be applied in war, he worked out an elaborate doctrine based on geometrical formations and devised twelve model plans of battle. In each were theaters of operations, a base of operations, a zone of operations, and so forth. The smart commander chose a line of operations that would enable him to dominate three sides of the rectangular zone; this accomplished, the enemy would have to retire or face certain defeat. Jomini The TVCWRT is a not-for-profit organization providing a forum for non-partisan study, education, and discussions regarding the American Civil War. It also supports the preservation of Civil War battlefields and landmarks. The TVCWRT meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30 pm, the Elks lodge on Franklin Street Huntsville, Al.TVCWRT will never sell or rent your email address to anyone. Address: P.O. Box 2872 Huntsville, Alabama 35804.Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

talked much of concentric and eccentric maneuver and interior and exterior lines, being the first theorist to emphasize the advantage of concentric maneuver and interior lines. But there were defects – anachronisms – in key points. For example, he always stressed the offensive and spoke of the hard blow followed by the energetic pursuit, his line of operation strategy allowed the enemy the option of retiring. He thought that the primary objectives in war were places rather than armies: the occupation of territory or the seizure of such "decisive strategic points" as capitals. He affected to be the advocate of the new Napoleonic ways of war, but actually he looked backward instead of forward. He did not (nor could he) anticipate the changes that would come about in the Civil War. * I will not recite his Articles here. Those wanting to dive into his theories in detail can indulge themselves at http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/readings/jomini_art_of_war/13549-h.htm

Examples of the application of Jominian principals and the problems they led to in the early years of the war abound on both sides, but space precludes us from delving into them in detail in this article. We will save those discussions for Part 3. Suffice it here to say, as characterized by John R. Elting, “American generals of 1861, facing a military problem as vast as Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, studied Jomini in the misguided faith that they were studying Napoleon. They marched against strategic points – Corinth, Richmond, Atlanta – content to let…armies escape to fight again, so long as they could occupy this real estate. And so the war worried on, until other commanders emerged, possessing the true, brutally clear Napoleonic appreciation.” Before we move on to the next leg of the stool, let me mention the other great military philosopher of the 1800s, Count Carl von Clausewitz. Of Prussian birth, Clausewitz is probably the best known, most quoted, and least understood of all military theorists read or studied in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and possibly twentieth centuries. His greatest desire was to understand the true nature of war and "... to iron out many creases in the heads of strategists and statesmen . . . at least to show the real point to be considered in War." Although serious military thinkers today are more likely to refer to Clausewitz, Jomini had that distinction in the Napoleonic age itself. In general, Clausewitz addressed the political and strategic levels of war and Jomini addressed the operational level. The two were born only a year apart and held similar staff officer positions in the Napoleonic wars, albeit in different armies. Jomini was by far the more celebrated thinker in his own lifetime.


http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/readings/jomini_art_of_war/13549-h.htm

Winfield Scott in 1861

Clausewitz’s signature work was his three-volume On War. It was unfinished when he died in November 1831. His wife Marie completed it for him. The first edition was published in 1832. Twenty years latera second edition was published that clarified many of the obscurities of the original text, but this really did not help, for even Clausewitz considered his unfinished work a "formless mass" of ideas. A French translation was published as early as 1849 but gained little attention until 1870. In 1874, Colonel J. J. Graham produced the first English translation.From this timeline it is easy to conclude that Clausewitzian theories had little impact on US military thinking leading into the Civil War. His impact – his importance – would blossom in the latter part of the 1870s. We will wait until Part 2 (our Application part) to bring him into the discussion.

Operational History

The War of 1812 was a watershed event in US military thought. It was fought almost without strategic design, but “led immediately to a clarification of the national military policy for deterrence of foreign attack and defense in case of attack.” First reliance would be put upon the Navy, but since the neither the army nor navy was large enough to protect against an overseas adversary from invading, reliance would also be put on a series of coastal fortifications supported with artillery. Similarly, fortifications would also be located along the border with Canada and to support westward expansion, particularly located along strategic waterways (although these latter “forts” were not the elaborate, fixed coastal type, but rather were typically wooden stockades meant for temporary use only). Plans were made from time to time to expand both the Army and the Navy but were never aggressively pursued. There were a few large ships, but over time the Navy tended toward sloops of war scattered in small squadrons across the seas to protect American commerce by showing the flag and suppressing pirates – essentially a defensive, constabulary posture. The Army grew and was deployed in a similar manner. A large engineering corps was needed to support the construction and maintenance of the extensive system of fortifications, along with a significant amount of artillery support, particularly for coastal defense. The largest tactical units of infantry and cavalry were regiments, but peacetime deployment was usually in companies and smaller. Expansions would occur during periods of war – the various Indian wars and the Mexican War –but those expansions evaporated afterwards. Andrew Jackson gets a lot of play in history for his role in the War of 1812, but the most important figure in American military history from that time up until the


Civil War was Winfield Scott. After early attempts to be a lawyer, Scott found his way into the Army. He had a bit of a rough start but found his groove by the beginning of the War of 1812. He was involved in combat action throughout, rising to the rank of Brigadier General in March 1814 at the age of 27. Highly successful in the war, he emerged as a Brevet Major General, which he held until June 1841 when he was advanced to the full rank and was appointed General in Chief of the Army. He held that position even though he took personal command of forces in the southern campaign in the Mexican War. Because of his success in that war, in March 1847 he was promoted to Brevet Lieutenant General. He was only the second officer to hold that rank, the first having been George Washington. (The next one would be Ulysses S. Grant.) Scott retired on November 1, 1861, handing over the position of General in Chief to George B. McClellan (who remained a Major General). Throughout his career, Scott’s military ideas were essentially those of eighteenth-century Europe. He had no formal military schooling; his initial education came from reading European books. This gave him a taste for eighteenth-century manners and turn of mind, no doubt contributing to his earning the nickname “Old Fuss and Feathers”. He encountered Napoleonic ideas through his readings and a visit to France just after the War of 1812, but to his death “he clearly felt most at home with a small professional army. In strategy he was at his best in a war of limited objectives which could be pursued by maneuver and occupation of territory rather than by ruthless destruction.” This lent itself to the post-1812 role of keeping peace on the Indian frontier – a small-unit, constabulary role. The biggest military challenge to the nation after the War of 1812 was the Mexican War. From strategic and operational standpoints, this was a fascinating conflict, too often overlooked in the popular study of American military history as a regional conflict, little more than training for the generals of the Civil War. It was, in several ways – baptism of fire, large unit maneuvers, technological advances, but, apropos to our purpose here, it also the fostered the Jominian mindset. There were two major campaigns in the Mexican War – Zachary Taylor’s land invasion of northern Mexico in 1846, and Winfield Scott’s sea born invasion of central Mexico and subsequent march on Mexico City in 1847. (No disrespect meant to Kearny’s campaign to San Diego in 1846 intended.) Scott’s campaign was the decisive operation, but both were steeped in Jominian theory. Scott understood that the way to victory was not through the north. Mexico’s northern states were important, but Mexico City – the center of government – was the key. Americans would not get there from the north – too many miles of hard, near impassable territory with ever-lengthening


supply lines. Whatever Mexican forces went north to oppose the Americans, Taylor could deal with, but to bend Mexico’s will required a blow to Santa Anna’s government. Moreover, the way to get there required a movement by sea, a landing on an enemy beach, and a subsequent movement inland. Classic Jomini! Scott decided on a bold move. He would cut his line of communications and maneuver to the capital, Mexico City. It may appear this decision removed Scott from the realm of Jominian warfare, but Jomini was not rigid in his maxims. Regarding base camps and critical life lines, he wrote, "In general, we cannot expect to find in an enemy's country safe positions suitable even for a temporary base; and the deficiency must be supplied by a strategic reserve." Scott, of course, had just such a reserve in the new troops that were to reach him in force by August. Upon receipt of the reinforcements, Scott again assumed the offensive and moved toward the capital. Note that he did not include in his campaign the intention to destroy the Mexican army. He was maneuvering for the capital and wanted to take it with as few casualties on either side as would be necessary. Inasmuch as Mexico City rested in a basin ringed by a defensible perimeter of substantially higher ground, Scott's campaign took on an all-or-nothing quality when he moved into the valley. His advance occasioned the Duke of Wellington's now famous verdict that "Scott is lost! He has been carried away by successes! He can’t take the city, and he can’t fall back on his bases!"Well, he was wrong. The city fell and the Mexican government capitulated. War over. Scott's generalship was one of consummate audacity and skill. In short, there never was a campaign like it in the military history of the United States. Grant, later criticized some of Scott's actions; but even so, he stated his conviction that the general's overall conduct of the war was almost flawless. It was these traits, this experience, that Scott brought into the Civil War.Leadership

This is the third leg of our stool, but as seen from the discussion above, it is entwined with Operational History – particularly with Scott. He was the Army’s spinal cord for decades, but there were other aspects of military leadership that shaped thinking. During this period Jominian influence had worked its way into American military thinking primarily via West Point. We’ve mentioned Denis Hart Mahan, a disciple of Napoleon. Starting his teaching role at West Point in 1830, he taught that the spade was as useful in war as the musket, although he regarded field fortifications ultimately as springboards for concentrating strength and launching attacks. He believed that defense alone could not The TVCWRT is a not-for-profit organization providing a forum for non-partisan study, education, and discussions regarding the American Civil War. It also supports the preservation of Civil War battlefields and landmarks. The TVCWRT meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30 pm, the Elks lodge on Franklin Street Huntsville, Al.TVCWRT will never sell or rent your email address to anyone. Address: P.O. Box 2872 Huntsville, Alabama 35804.Questions/Comments: Newsletter Editor; Arley McCormick

win military campaigns; that seizing the initiative through aggressive action was the key to victory. In his Treatise he said, “Vigor on the field and rapidity of pursuit should go hand in hand for great success…Carrying the war into the heart of the assailant’s country…is the surest plan of making him share its burdens and foiling his plans. Shades of Grant and Sherman in 1863 forward, and also Lee and his campaigns into Maryland. Mahan’s early-on favorite student, his protégé at West Point, was Halleck. A military intellectual eventually to become known as “Old Brains”, he was the third-ranking graduate in 1831. He was Jominian in outlook, relying heavily on Jomini’s ideas in his own book, Elements of Military Art and Science. He also translated Jomini’s Life of Napoleon from French into English. Halleck did stray, though. He strongly endorsed the strong series of coastal fortifications to “defend the United States from foreign attack by buying time for the mobilization and training of citizen militia.” In this sense, he took it further than Jomini. Note that even the tactical manuals were derived from the French. Case in point, Major William J. Hardee’s (West Point 1838) Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics became the standard instructional manual for the Army. Hardee drew extensively on his knowledge of the French military. He knew then Secretary of War Jefferson Davis wanted to thoroughly modernize the U.S. infantry into a faster, lighter force, capable of taking advantage of the new rifle. His task was made simpler by the 1845 publication of a French manual that did just that for the French infantry. Hardee's manual was finished in 1854; it was tested, approved, then published in June 1855.Like other period manuals, they were focused on soldiers’ individual drill and lower unit tactics. The manuals were almost direct copies of the French manuals including the copying of the illustration that show soldiers in French uniforms. Brief mention must be made of the commission sent by then-Secretary of War Jefferson Davis to observe the military activities of the Crimean War (1853-1856) “for the purpose of obtaining information with regard to the military service in general, and especially the practical working of the changes which have been introduced of late years into the military systems of the principal nations of Europe.” The commission comprised Majors Richard Delafield and Alfred Mordecai, and Captain George B. McClellan. It eventuated that they toured British and French lines during the latter stages of the war, but not the Russians’. In several ways a precursor to the Civil War, certainly more so than the Mexican War just a few years earlier, the British and French armies were steeped in Jominian theory mixed with budding interest in Clausewitzian thought. The impact on our army was that it reinforced the learning of the West Point-based US military officer corps.


In the period 1833-1861, West Point graduated 997 officers who ultimately fought in the Civil War (359 confederate and 638 union). Although that number is impressive, remember that the academy’s primary purpose was the education of engineers. The heavy emphasis on engineering was reflected in both the curriculum and subsequent assignments following graduation. During four years at West Point, 71% of classroom time was devoted to engineering subjects with the remaining 29% devoted to all other subjects including tactics. The engineering subjects also had a considerable influence on class standing, which largely determined branch assignments following graduation. Among graduating officers, those in the top of the class were assigned to the Corps of Engineers, next in preference went to the Topographical Engineers or Ordnance, and the remainder to the combat arms. Of the 26.2% of cadets that failed during this period, the vast majority did so in either mathematics, science or engineering; of 2,609 cadets admitted, only two failed tactics. It is apparent from these figures that success at West Point had very little to do with the mastery of military subjects. Additionally, there was no formal classroom instruction in tactics until the senior year. A cadet's exposure resulted mainly from practical exercises in drill and living in a military environment." Historians place West Point graduates in command of both armies in 55 of the 60 major battles of the Civil War and in command of one army or the other in the remaining 5.Notable graduates for the South were Lee, Jackson, Stuart, Pickett, Beauregard, Bragg, Longstreet, J.E. Johnston, and President Jefferson Davis. For the North, there were McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Custer, Meade, Buell, Halleck, Grant, Sheridan, Sherman, Thomas, Hancock, and Rosecrans. None had before 1861 any actual experience in directing large numbers of troops. Thus, the picture painted by General J. D. Hittle (editor of a 1965 edition of Art of War) of Civil War generals riding into battle with "a sword in one hand and Jomini's Art of War in the other" is not so farfetched. There were other influences on American military thought in the antebellum period, to be sure: the philosophical underpinnings of our republican form of government which was born with a strong bias against strong central governments and large standing armies; the cultural traditions and traits of the various European ethnic groups (Germans, Scots, Irish, French, English, Celtics and so on), manifested regionally; and, of course, the nature of the perceived threats facing the growing nation, both from abroad and in its expansion westward – fulfilling its so called Manifest Destiny. In this first part we’ve seen how French doctrine, derived from Napoleonic warfare as interpreted and codified by Jomini, and mixed with the army‘s own challenges and experience after the War of 1812, along with the influence of General Winfield Scott across the decades, were tightly woven


into our professional military education and training systems in the antebellum period, forming the foundation of the nation’s military thought as we approached the Civil War. In Part 2 we will discuss how it was applied at the strategic and operational levels, how it failed to live up to the new demands of the Civil War, and how it evolved to reflect that new reality – blood and thunder. Catch you next month.

Many thanks to Edwin Kennedy, John Mason, and Arley McCormick for their valuable guidance and editorial support. A copy with source notes is available upon request. --Emil

Book Reviews

Challenges of Command in the Civil War: Volume One, Generals and Generalship, By Richard J. Sommers, Savas Beatie Publishers, 2018, Reviewed by David Lady, President; Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table.Richard Sommers’ fame as a historian rests on forty years of service as the Senior Historian of the Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle Barracks, PA. His enduring contribution to civil war scholarship rests with his first publication, Richmond Redeemed (1981), a massive study of the Fifth Federal Offensive against Petersburg. This work set a new standard for tactical study of civil war

battles and was the first of a new genre of narrative history, the ‘micro-tactical’ history (still a popular genre, represented by works such as Henry Pfantz’s Gettysburg the Second Day, and Dave Powell’s very recently published three volumes on the battle of Chickamauga).Challenges of Command in the Civil War, first of a two-volume set, provides a distillation of his thoughts about Generalship in the American Civil War. The book is written in two parts, each composed of chapters that are nearly self-contained essays. All of them were written separately as lectures or papers delivered to the United States Army War College and various Civil War convocations. The first half of the book discusses the generalship of Grant and Lee, and these five chapters use examples drawn almost exclusively from the 1864 Virginia Overland and Petersburg Campaigns. Mr. Sommers writes more about Grant than Lee, but in discussing Lee he makes a very interesting argument: That Lee was not being overly-parochial or short-sighted when insisting on remaining in Virginia with his army throughout the


war, but was correctly recognizing that Virginia, the most populous and economically developed southern state, was the actual heartland of the Confederacy. His discussion of Grant’s generalship, the subject of four of the first five chapters, is an excellent review of the general’s strengths and weaknesses as a commander. Sommers’ does not consider Grant a genius, but delivers a very complete appreciation of Grant’s broad perspective, persistence, adaptability, and his mastery of logistics. Sommers also highlights Grant’s ability to learn from mistakes and take corrective action. Grant continuously modified his tactical and operational methods until he found the winning combination; first in the west and then in the east.The second part of the book covers the origins and careers of Federal Army Corps Commanders between 1862 and 1865. In this section Sommers’ makes a very useful distinction between “political generals” and “citizen-soldiers.” Using chapters focused on the Battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and the Fifth Offensive against Petersburg he shows how the senior Federal leadership changed from 1862 through 1864: From older men to younger, from career Regular Army and former politicians to citizen soldiers, from men raised suddenly and with no preparation into supreme command to men who had time to develop professionally before taking senior positions in the army. He provides very detailed background information, wartime service, and the post-war accomplishments of a very large number of Federal officers. He also provides a very short evaluation of each man. Finally, there is one chapter devoted to those Civil War Generals (Union and Confederate) with Revolutionary War commanders as ancestors. This should interest the genealogist’s among us.Sommers’ interpretations were developed through considerable research and consideration of other historian’s opinions, but he does not compare or contrast his ideas with those of other historians. He is at the climax of his career, and is stating his conclusions. This is a useful book for anyone interested in the generals and the generalship, mostly Federal, of the eastern theater of the American Civil War. The second volume of the set will be published soon, and will deal with grand strategy, strategy, and operations.

The Chickamauga Cam-paign: Barren Victory: The Retreat into Chattanooga,


the Confederate Pursuit, and the aftermath of the battle, September 21 to October 20, 1863,by David A. Powell, 379pp. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017, A Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table Review by R. Lee Hatabaugh. The Chickamauga Campaign: Glory or the Grave: The Breakthrough, the Union Collapse, and the Defense of Horseshoe Ridge, September 20, 1863, David A. Powell, 725pp. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017, Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table Review by R. Lee Hatabaugh.

The Chickamauga Campaign was a series of battles and maneuvering from Aug. 21 to Sept. 20, 1863 in northwest Georgia, fought between the Union’s Army of the Cumberland and the Confederacy’s Army of Tennessee. The North eventually won the war, but the battle of Chickamauga was a crucial victory for the South. Author David Powell has completed the second and third volumes in what is considered the best in-depth study of the Chickamauga Campaign. These are: The Chickamauga Campaign: Glory or the Grave, and The Chickamauga Campaign: Barren Victory. Powell’s magnificent study fully explores the battle from all perspectives and is based upon over fifteen years of intensive study and research that has uncovered nearly 2,000 primary sources from generals to private, all stitched together to relate the remarkable story that was Chickamauga. Using a plethora of first-hand accounts and regimental studies, many of which have never been heard of or read about, Powell takes the reader on a journey into the soldier’s lives and actions during their time in Tennessee and Georgia in 1863. In Glory or the Grave, published in 2015, the actions of September 20, 1863 are presented and discussed. The book was awarded the prestigious Richard B. Harwell Book Award for best book on a Civil War subject published in 2015. Barren Victory appeared in 2016 and provides the close of the battle and the entire campaign from September 21 to October 20, 1863, and contains additional sources for research, an extensive bibliography, and various appendices on the battle, battlefield, and the surrounding north Georgia and southeastern Tennessee areas. Although not required reading, Mr. Powell’s previously published work, The Maps of Chickamauga, is a very helpful resource when reading the trilogy. The maps really help visualize the action(s) described in the book, especially if you’re reading about the battle for the first time or if you are tracking down the movements of a particular regiment or brigade across the hills and valleys of North Georgia.


Little Round Table Report; September 27, 2018: the best part by Jeffrey Ewing LRT Chair and the other part by Arley McCormick

On September 27th Fred Forst led the Little Round Table in a spirited discussion of the Civil War in New Mexico, it was the sixth in a series of the LRT's coverage of the war west of the Mississippi in 1861 and 1862.Fred described the events that occurredin the forbidding terrain of New Mexico. His presentation of the campaign was a blow by blow description of the tactics and decisions related to several skirmishes ending in the Battle of Glorieta Pass. Those attending learned that two months after Fort Sumter, a band of Texicans recruited and commanded by John Robert Baylor seized the portion of New Mexico and Arizona south of the 34th Latitude Line for the Confederacy. When Baylor was relieved of command for issuing an unlawful order and the men he had recruited returned to Texas. The national controversy that ended with civil war was as passionate in the Southwest territories as in other sections of the country and when the Federal authorities removed troops that were assigned duties to protect the settlers from marauding Indians, southern sympathizers took advantage of the opportunity. Abandoned forts were seized, government stores looted by residents and southern sympathizers, and cities fell under control of Confederate sympathizers. The leadership of Federal forces had been decimated by the defections of Longstreet, Ewell, Loring, and other high-ranking officers; several of whom become Confederate generals. Henry Sibley, one of these defecting officers, saw an opportunity and proposed to invade the territory again. Federal forces were small and scattered in a series of distant forts along the Rio Grande River.Henry Hopkins Sibley, a former professional Union Army Officer, born in Louisiana, was successful in West Texas and New Mexico by taking control of a number of cities previously occupied by Union soldiers and defeated a consolidated group of Federal troops at Valverde, but when the Federal troops retreated into nearby Ft. Craig Sibley bypassed them and marched north to Albuquerque and Santa Fe, which he captured in March 1862. The Confederate strategy was to acquire gold and silver to help pay for the war and secure Southern California where there were deep water ports and a host of southern sympathy. The local leaders in New Mexico entertained the notion of advancing to the east side of the Rocky Mountains and moving east to bring Missouri into the folds. The northern strategy appeared to be to deny the Southern States any claim to the Southwest territories and California culminating in the sizable skirmish Battle of Glorieta Pass, in March 1862, it sealed the fate of the


Confederacy in the New Mexico Territory and is referredto as the Gettysburg of the West because it did end any hope of the Confederacy controlling the Southwest. Union officers, MajJohn M. Chivington and Col John P. Slough, with Provisional Union troops, Colorado and New Mexico volunteers would meet Confederates Lieutenant Colonel William Read Scurry, 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles, Texas Mounted Volunteers, Arizona Rangers and Brigands from Santa Fe each with limited resources and artillery at the Gettysburg of the West. Sibley, encouraged a Confederate Officer, Lieutenant William Read Scurry of the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles, accompanied by Arizona Rangers and Brigands from Santa Fe to lead the ill-fated campaign that ended at Glorieta Pass. Sibley sent most of his force to the northeast where they fought Federal forces in and around Glorieta Pass. The fighting was fierce but not decisive.Scurry was a combat leader with no previous military training except, perhaps, marching around the plaza with bands playing. The tactics he initiated, while successful in many instances, did not achieve decisive results. The New Mexico territory was rugged with unforgiving terrain and stingy supplies of water and rations consequently; inattention to logistics was his ultimate downfall. Opposing Scurry were two equally incompetent combat commanders Maj John M. Chivington, a Methodist minister, Indian hater, and opportunist along with Colonel John P. Slough, a politician, lawyer, and previously a Chief Justice in New Mexico. Chivington sealed the fate of the Confederate organization when, after considerable indecision, gave the order to destroy Sibley’s weakly defendedsupply train forcing Sibley into a lengthy and costly retreat back to Texas. Yet, the union officers, believing they were defeated on the field yielded the initiative as the Confederate leaders faded south eventually to El Paso, TX never to rise again. When the Federal officers learned the Confederate force was withdrawing, only then did they realize they won the control of the territory. Most of our study addresses the major battles in the Western Theater and Eastern theaters that claimed the lives of 10’s of thousands. This campaign in New Mexico would claim the lives of less than 500 men, both sides losing less than 250 men each. There was another war going on too. In the midst of the skirmishes between northern and southern sympathizers and military units, the Indian tribes, particularly the Comanche and Kiowa, returned to their traditional patters of raiding settlers and southern Indian sympathizers in the Indian Territory. The Apache tribes were satisfied with watching the white men kill each other but also resumed their traditional raiding pattern too.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Chivington

In the midst of the chaos champions from the militia rose. Kit Carson participated but it was John M. Chivington that later became known as the commander of Colorado Volunteers that murdered over 200 Cheyenne, mostly women and children, claiming it a great victory against the Southern Cheyenne, was given credit for parring the Confederate threat.

TVCWRT Little Round Table Discussion Schedule, 2018The Civil War west of the Mississippi river, 1861-62, a seven-part series

October 25, 2018 - The Sioux Indian War in Minnesota, 1862Led by John Allen

December 13 To be rescheduled – The Most Important New Weapon of the American Civil War

Led by Mark Hubbs Take a glance at the schedule for 2019. There is time to jump in and learn a lot.

January 24, 2019 - John Pope, part 1, down the Mississippi in 1862 Led by John Scales

February 28, 2019 - John Pope, part 2, goes east and meets RE LEE Led by Jeff Ewing

March 28, 2019 - Aug. 1862 to June 1863 – A dizzying 10-month transformation of the corps commands

Led by Jeff Ewing April 25, 2019 - Two did not climb Culps Hill on 1 Jul, 1863: Generals Ewell and Slocum...why not?

Led by Jeff Ewing23 May, 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 1- The decision to move the Army of the Potomac to the York Peninsula; the Siege of Yorktown

Lead TBD27 June, 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 2- Battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks

Lead TBD25 July, 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 3- Jackson in the Valley, how he influenced the Peninsula Campaign

Lead TBD22 August, 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 4- Federal response to Jackson’s success, The Army of Virginia

Lead TBD26 September, 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 5- Lee takes charge; both sides fortify and Feds emplace the siege guns; Stuart’s Ride


Lead TBD24 October 2019 - Peninsula Campaign 6- Jackson comes from the Valley; Battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines Mill; Feds ‘tap’ the Richmond lines

Lead TBD12 December 2019 - t/b/d

Many thanks! John Sledge acquainted us with little known facts regarding the war in Alabama, and his family’s interpretation of events. A pleasing presentation. At Left; John Sledge is receiving a TVCWRT book from John Scales Former President with the appreciation of the Round Table.

The TVCWRT Board of Directors

David Lady, President (In Memoriam)Johnathan Creekmore, Secretary and Website ManagerBeth Altenkirch, TreasurerEdwin “Ed” Kennedy, Communications OfficerJohn Scales, Former President, Field Trip CoordinatorLee Hattabaugh, Deputy TreasurerRobert Hennessee, Preservation OfficerKevin Rodriguez, Membership OfficerArley McCormick, Newsletter Editor

ADVISORS

John A. Allen, Former President and Founder of the Little Round TableCarol Codori, Former PresidentJohn Mason, Former PresidentKent Wright, Former Programs OfficerMark Hubbs, Former Preservation Officer and co-founderApril Harris, Academic Outreach Advisor

STAGE CREWEmil Posey, Former Vice PresidentMike SosebeeLin Turner


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