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Refining 101 October 12, 2017

Energy Industry OverviewRefining 101Summary Questions?

Agenda

Global Energy Demand

4

Global Energy MixPercent

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2015 2040

NuclearWind & Solar

Other Renewables

What Drives the Demand for Energy?• Economic growth• Prosperity• Technology • Global political and policy trends• Global energy demand will rise by 25

percent by 2040

Source: ExxonMobil 2017 Outlook for Energy

Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Refining 101

6

141 18.6MBD operable capacity

U.S. Refineries

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

7

What’s in a barrel of crude?

8

“Flavors” of Crude

Brent

Mars

West TexasArab Light

9

Transportation of Crude

Rail Pipeline Sea

10

Refining Process

11

Refining ProcessSeparation1

• Separates crude oil into naturally occurring components

• Occurs by applying heat through a process called distillation

• Performed in a series of distillation towers, with the bottom product from each tower feeding the next

12

12

Crude Distillation Unit

13

Refining ProcessConversion2

Converts low valued heavy oils into higher valued gasoline, distillates and feedstocks• Hydroformers change structure

of naphtha molecules to improve octane and supply chemical feed requirements

• Fluidized Catalytic Crackers (FCC) convert heavy gas oils into gasoline, diesel and chemicals feedstock

• Coker Units convert asphalts into diesel and feedstocks

FCC Unit

14

Refining Process

• Sulfur removal from products• Hydrotreating – unfinished

products are contacted with hydrogen under high pressure and heat to remove sulfur

• End products that meet and exceed environmental standards

Purification3

Hydrotreater

15

Products - Both finished products and feedstocks/basestocks

Diesel/Motor gasoline Jet fuel Lubricants

Plastics Tires Car dashboard

16

Summary

• The world needs energy

• Refining produces a diverse set of products through a diverse set of highly technical processes

• Refining is a valuable part of our energy economy

Questions?

Backup

19

Source: ExxonMobil 2016 Outlook for Energy

0

250

500

750

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040Biomass

Coal

Oil

Gas

HydroNuclear

Other Renewables

Quadrillion BTUsDemand by Fuel

What Drives the Demand for Energy?• Economic growth• Prosperity• Technology • Global political and policy trends• Global energy demand will rise by 25 percent by 2040

20

Distillation Tower Yields

Distillation Tower

Diesel Distillate

Kerosene

Medium Gas Oil

Heavy Gas Oil

Tower Bottoms

Naptha

Light Ends

Light on Top.

Heavy on Bottom.

Separated into propane, normal butane and isobutene

Blended into motor gasoline or sent to a reforming unit for octane improvement

Treated and used as jet fuel

Treated and blended into diesel fuel or home heating fuel or are further processed

Routed to FCC or hydrocracking to be converted into higher value gasoline or diesel

Processed in cokers to be upgraded into gasoline, diesel or gas oil