Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme

Teruhisa KOMATSU

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute

The University of Tokyo

W-V

2002

W-VI

2005

ORSP-I (Kawamura)

6th-S: Workshop for OC-P Establishment

W-III

1996

ORSP-II (Kawamura)

ICAM-P(Huang)

Workshop for ORSP Establishment

RedTide-P(Huang)

HAB (Fukuyo)

Red Tide Watcher

SEA-GOOS

OC-P(Ishizaka&Ahn)

YOC

YSLME

NOWPAP

NEAR-GOOS

NGSST-P(Kawamura)

NGSST Demonstration

Operation

NGSST-P(Kawamura)

NEAR-GOOSNGSST-WG(Kawamura)

Ocean Remote Sensing Programme

– A history

4.1.7 Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS)

Programme

Programme TOR:

/ Promote of application activities using satellite observations in

the WESTPAC region (Introduction of the New Technology)

/ Conduct international remote sensing projects for better

understanding of the WESTPAC region and development of

applications (Demonstration of the New Technology)

/ Contribute to the regional GOOS through the above-mentioned

activities

(Design and Implementation of the New observing system)

Satellite + Computer + Network

Under the project leadership of Dr. Hiroshi

Kawamura, the project has focused on

“New Generation Sea Surface Temperature”

(NGSST) and

“Ocean Color”.

Activities for the intersessional

period of 2005-2008

Activities for the intersessional period of 2005-2008

NGSST project

i) The NGSST-O demonstration operation has been

continuing since September 2003

ii) The NGSST-C strategic plan was developed and

distributed to the NEARGOOS-related communities

(1-km, 6-hourly coastal SST with front information)

iii) The NEARGOOS/NGSST-WG was formed, and the

kick-off meeting was successfully done last

November

New Generation Sea Surface Temperature Project

Workshop in 2008: 10 presentations (35 participants)

Open side meeting in 2008 (15 participants)

Meeting discussions:

1) Lessons learned from the NGSST-P in NEARGOOS region

2) Long interaction with NGSST-P and SEAGOOS

3) NGSST areal extension to the southeast Asian seas

Meeting conclusions:

1) Start NGSST R&D in the southeast Asian Seas

2) Set up a small scientist group for the R&G (Easy start!!)

2) SEAGOOS cooperation is left for future

Ocean Color Project

Workshop in 2008: 12 presentations (50 participants)

Closed side meeting in2008: (9participants, 5observers)

Meeting discussions:

1) Review of YOC-2007 (YSLME funded, NOWPAP cooperation)

2) Activities of YOC-2008 using the shared common dataset

Meeting conclusions:

1) Continue the YOC-2008 for improvement of the OC

algorithms in the YEC (cooperating with YSLME and

NOWPAP)

Temporal/spatial variability of TSM distribution

TSM(mg/L)

Tang’s SS

algorithm

The YOC-2007 has established oceanographic basis of

the OC technology for the YEC

Outputs of YOC-2007

The YOC activities in 2007 (YOC-2007) have resulted in

generation of

1) the YOC-2007 common dataset,

2) the regional OC in-water algorithms and

3) the SeaWiFS-based regional OC algorithms.

Through the activities in 2007, a new regional cooperation

of science-technology lead is established involving the

international frameworks (YSLME, NEAR-GOOS and

NOWPAP) for the marine environments.

Ocean Remote Sensing

- From Satellite Oceanography to Integrated

Coastal Area Management (ICAM)

1) Review present status of the regional ORS activities

(32 presentation)

2) Discuss on the regional requirements and roles of ORS,

and

3) Design ORS projects for the next intersessional period

Ocean Remote Sensing Programme

1.To enhance regional ocean observing systems

using remote sensing technology through

intensive research & developments and

capacity building

2. To promote remote sensing applications for

contributing to the IOC Medium-Term Strategy

2008-2013

3. To collaborate with and support to the other

WESTPAC programs and the regional

international frameworks using the enhanced

remote sensing functions

Ocean Remote Sensing Programme (ORSP) Objectives

ICAM workshop

Workshop in 2008: 11 presentations (40 participants)

Workshop discussions:

1) ORSP history and needs of ultra-high resolution RS

2) Possible set-up of the ICAM-related RS projects

3) Cooperation with the near-shore oceanography in the

WESTPAC region

Meeting conclusions:

1) Establish “Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project”

2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass,

mangrove, etc.

3) Tentative leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo)

High-resolution

SST

High-resolution

OC

Ultra-high-resolution sensors

7th-S Workshop: Ocean Remote Sensing – From satellite oceanography to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)

Establishment of

a new project

“Coastal Habitat

Remote Sensing”

YOC-2008 with

YSLME and

NOWPAP

Start of the

NGSST R&D for

the southeast

Asian Seas

- No WESTPAC fund

- The YOC-2008 is

funded by YSLME

- No WESTPAC fund

- Easy start !!

-WESTPAC fund

-Project design

8th General Assembly of WESTPA in Bali,

Indonesia in May 2010

Reform of Ocean Remote Sensing Project was accepted:

1) Establish “Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project”

2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass,

mangrove, etc.

3) Leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo)

Spawning and nursery ground for

marine animals

Zostera marina in Seto Inland Sea

Buffering effect of wave and currents

Erosion of bottom substrate

Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease

Spawning and nursery ground

for marine animals

Zostera marina in Seto Inland Sea

Background

Buffering effect of wave and currents

Erosion of bottom substrate

Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease

Production of seagrass and seaweed beds in cash

Example of Seto Inland Sea Japan

Annual production per 1 ha (10,000yen) in Seto Inland Sea in 1971

Regions Moba Region

Bungo Suido

Suo Nada

Iyo Nada

Hiroshima Bay

Bingo Nada

Bisan Seto

Harima Nada

Osaka Bay

Kii Straight

47.5

45.0

27.0

－24.8

41.0

235.4

－56.7

－3.7

1.6

2.8

4.9

5.8

2.4

2.9

4.3

－7

17

－5

7

98

－13

Source: Nansei Regional Fisheries Laboratory, 1974

Ecological roles and services of coastal habitats

(seagrass and seaweed beds, coral reefs, mangroves,

tidal flats)

•High primary production

•High biodiversity through providing habitats for animals and

plants

•Supply of marine bio-resources as foods for local people

•Production of O2 and absorption of CO2 and nutrients

•Environmental stability e.g. buffering effect against water

movements

•Creation of environment

Background

Seto Inland Sea case

Reclamation in Seto Inland

Sea around 1960sSeagrass beds in Seto

Inland Sea

Cumulative reclamation and Zostera marina

Law on Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea

Threatened coastal ecosystems in the world

20

40

60

80

100

1950 1975 2000 2025 2050Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003

Revision

Three quarters of world population will live within 100 km from the coast till 2025 and threaten coastal ecosystems World Bank (2003) World Development Report

Background

Threatened coastal ecosystems

Coral reef Blast coral fishing Devastated reef

bottom

ReclamationAgricultural pollution Industrial pollution

Background

Realizing sustainable use of coastal

habitats • Monitoring , control and surveillance of coastal

habitats are indispensable for sustainable

development of fisheries and human society.

• In Southeast Asia, monitoring and surveillance

of coastal areas are key issue due to broad

unknown areas for policy makers and even for

local people.

• Remote sensing is an efficient and practical

method for monitoring and surveillance of

coastal habitats

Background

Sensors for coastal remote sensing

Aerial photography

Launch of Landsat satellite (1972)

Sensors with spatial resolution (30~100 m) were most widely used(e.g. Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Landsat TM)

long-time series/inexpensive data

Sensors with better spatial resolution <10 m(e.g. IKONOS, SPOT)

better spectral & spatial versatility/extremely expensive data

JAXA launched ALOS (2006)AVNIR-2 spatial resolution(10 m)/multispectral (420~890nm)/radiometric (8 bits)

PRISM spatial resolution (2.5 m)/panchromatic (520-770nm)/8bits

Characteristics of AVNIR-2 sensor

Swath Width 70 km ( at nadir)

Spatial Resolution 10 m (at nadir)

Wavelength Band 1: 0.42 – 0.50 µm (visible blue)

Band 2: 0.52 – 0.60 µm (visible green)

Band 3: 0.61 – 0.69 µm (visible red)

Band 4: 0.76 – 0.89 µm (near infrared)

Scanning method Push broom

Pointing angle + 44⁰

Quantization 8 bits

Bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 are nearly equivalent to those

of LANDSAT TM.

We can analyze time series data consisting of

LANDSAT TM and ALOS from 1973 to now.

27

ALOS AVNIR-2

(2008)LANDSAT-5

TM (2005)

ALOS (2008) LANDSAT (2005)

Monitoring of habitats in Malaysia

Sibu Island:Seagrass, seaweed and coral habitats

Time series data analysis by Prof. M. Ibrahim Seeni (UTM)

No seagrass

Live coralSargassum

Seagrass

Examination of sidescan sonar-based seatruth data

Information on seabottom

in 2006

Classified as

healthy coral but

seatruth showed

they were dead

in 2008

Damaged corals

Live corals

Map

Remote sensing of coral lagoon around Barrang Lompo Island,

Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, based on AVNIR-2

image taken in October 2006

Comparison among islands

Time series data analysis

Island

Objective of the workshopStart-up of this project to exchange current information on the coastal habitat

mapping in member states

To identify target coastal area for mapping habitats in each participant’s

country from various viewpoints such as important ecosystems, vulnerability

of ecosystem, their distributions, human impacts including fishing activities

and reclamation, contrasting areas with and without conservation measures.

To exchange and review coastal habitat mapping and sea-truthing methods,

ameliorate and standardize these methods adapting to the WESTPAC region

in this project.

To discuss some appropriate outreach products on coastal habitat mapping

for integrated coastal area management at the end of this project and the

future activities to be carried out in the next year.

Remote sensing can visualize

habitat conditions

Policy makers

Remote sensing

of habitat

mapping

Local people

Sustainable coastal

environments

Review the remote

sensing methods for

coastal habitats and

aquaculture facilities

To have a current mapping

methods of coastal habitats,

and identify common method to

be used in some identified

areas

Collection of

information

about

mapping

methods

March

2011

Analyze initial

mapping results of

coastal habitat and

aquaculture facilities

Analyze the results generated

from Remote Sensing and

overcome problems encounted

in mapping coastal habitats

Elaboration of

mapping

methods are

expected

Decem

ber

2011

Dissemination of

mapping products of

Remote sensing on

the coastal habitat

Dissemination of research

results for local people and

policy makers

Remote

Sensing

Products on

coastal habitat

May/Ju

ne

2012

Schedule plan of ORSP for ICAM

Please join us!

Thank you for your attention