ocean biogeographic information system. ‘mission’ obis publishes primary data on marine species...
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Ocean Biogeographic Information System
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‘Mission’
• OBIS publishes primary data on marine species locations online through www.iobis.org – It facilitates data discovery and exploration by
• Searching by species, higher taxa, time, location…• Mapping observed occurrences • Modelling of potential environmental range
– Integrates data over marine themes• Microbes to whales• Genetics and morphology• Poles to equator…
– Enables data capture for re-use• Data archaeology; discovery metadata
• Provides the biogeographic context for oceanic biological research
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OBIS in context
• IT component of CoML– Capturing and integrating data– Support the 2010 synthesis
• Marine component of GBIF– Fully inter-operable with GBIF standards– Extending with marine-specific elements
• Begin/end point of tracks (trawl)
• Marine component of Species 2000– World register of Marine Species (WoRMS)– http://marinespecies.org
• Partner with IOC, FAO, IUCN, UNEP (WCMC)
• Hosted by Rutgers University IMCS, funded by Sloan Foundation
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Governance
• Federation of organisations– Which share a vision: free and open
access to biodiversity information– Not a single project, with a single
source of funding
• Committees– Governing Board– Managers Committee
• Managers of Regional OBIS Nodes
– Science Board– Working groups
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Funding• RONs are self-supporting
– Except for yearly meeting– Except for Sloan Grant to set
up shop for most
• Secretariat– Fully funded by Sloan till 2008 – 2/3 by Sloan from 2008-2010– After 2010?
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Funding sources• Project funding
– Proposals submitted to NSF and NOAA
– Discussions with Fondation Total– ‘Help from our friends’
• Rutgers University in kind• Core business should not be
critically dependent on project (=short term) funding: OBIS is long-term infrastructure
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Distribution of cod, Gadus morhua, shown as ‘c-squares’ map
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OBIS records viewed
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Mar-06 Oct-06 Apr-07 Nov-07 Jun-08 Dec-08 Jul-09
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Web statistics
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Quality assurance
• Serve data from authoritative sources• Cross-check data statistics and map• User feedback buttons for each result• Usage is part of quality control
process• Editorial Board• Web statistics – monitor usage
(citation system)• Develop peer-review system
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OBIS number of records
• 519 datasets• 17 million distribution records • 147,000 names, 104,000 taxa• Among the largest provider to
the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• Who’s providing data?– Regional OBIS Nodes– Census of Marine Life
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Map of CoML field projects
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CoML & Ocean Observing
An example of how CoML technologies can be
implemented in earth and ocean observing systems
7 seals tracked during 2-3 month summer feeding migrations
Some animals dive 1000m
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Some CoML Discoveries
Athorybia rosacea – a siphonophore from the
Sargasso Sea
Palinurus barbarae – a lobster from around Madagascar
Promachoteuthis sloani – a squid from the mid-Atlantic Ridge
Ceratoserolis – an isopod from the Weddell Sea
Kiwa hirsuta – a crab from around Easter
Island (nicknamed the Yeti crab)
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Location of RONs
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Public Accessibility
IOBIS
Global Datasets e.g.FAO, HexacoralliaFishbase &Seamounts
Data Found ByIOBIS Not FromGlobal Databases
Online Providers
Regional Node With Local DatasetsAnd Online Providers
RegionalSubset
All data
Regional Node With Local Datasets Only
GBIF
Global NodeRegional NodeProviderGlobal DatabaseRegional DatabaseProductsAll DataSubset of Data
OBIS Regional Node Architecture
RMB - March 14, 2004
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Still a lot of work…
• We don’t know the total biodiversity– New species are discovered
• Selective sampling in geography– Mostly in surface waters– Temperate zones
• Selective sampling in taxonomy – Mostly big things, vertebrates
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New species are discovered
Data from http://marinespecies.org
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Analysis of OBIS data
• First attempts at diversity pattern on a global scale, with a large number of taxa– Previously either local or on one taxon
(e.g. commercial large fish like tuna, forams…)
– ‘Safety in numbers’• Results not affected by idiosyncrasies of
single taxon or study
• Results very preliminary, and need data cleaning and further checking– E.g. by artificially removing datasets
from analysis
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Global pattern of sampling effort
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Pattern in number of species
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Corrected for bias: ES(50)
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Large Marine Ecosystems
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Latitudinal gradient ES(50)
es(50)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-100 -50 0 50 100
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Marine fish to be discovered
Mora et al (2007). The completeness of taxonomic inventories for describing the global diversity and distribution of marine fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B, published on line
Percentage completeness 1 100
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Predicting distribution of invasive species, Pterois volitans