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OCCUPATIONAL CANCER:
an Australian problem?
Deborah Vallance
AMWU
Acknowledgement
Ngunnawal people on whose land we stand today
Summary of presentations
kNOw cancer in the workplace
Cancer Council AustraliaACTU Canberra Dec 2009
Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
What I could do to reduce my cancer risk %
mentioning
� Sun protection 67� Eat well 50� Regular checkups 44� Not smoke 35� Be active/healthy weight 32� Eat more fruit/veges/cereals 27� Limit alcohol 13� Reduce stress 8� Avoid chemicals/pesticides 7� Avoid passive smoking 2
� Results from Queensland Cancer Risks Survey, 2004
Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
� Estimated 5000 work-related cancers each year
� 11% of incident cancers in males
� 2% of incident cancers in females
plus about 34 000 non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
� 13% NMSCs in males
� 4% NMSCs in females
Prof Lin Fritschi
Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Australian workers
potentially exposed to
carcinogens
�20% of the workforce
�1.5 million workers
Prof Lin Fritschi. Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Cancer in males
Cancer in males Attributable fraction Predicted number of cases
� Lung 29% 1,530� Prostate 6% 630� Mesothelioma 90% 352� Bladder 14% 304� Colon 6% 265� Leukaemia 18% 264� NHL 13% 252� Melanoma 4% 192� Stomach 10% 131� Pancreas 13% 122
Prof Lin Fritschi. Western Australian Institute for Medical Research
Cancer in males
Attributable Predictedfraction no. Cases
� Mesothelioma 90% 352� Lung 29% 1,530� Nasal sinuses 24% 21� Leukaemia 18% 264� Bladder 14% 304� NHL 13% 252� Pancreas 13% 122� Brain 11% 86� Stomach 10% 131
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Lots of toxics
Fewer toxics
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
� The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act 1989
� Goals 50% reduction in by-product
� Promote the competitive advantage of Massachusetts Industry
� Reduce the production and use of toxic chemicals
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
What Companies Must Do
� Report annually on amount of toxics used
� Conduct toxics use reduction planning every two years
� Pay an annual fee
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
TUR Techniques
� Chemical Input Substitution
� Product Redesign
� Process Modification
� Operations and Maintenance Improvements
� In-Process Recycling
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
What Do Companies Think?
� 70% identified TUR options
� 81% of these implemented TUR
� 67% saw cost savings
� 66% saw health and safety benefits
� Most valuable component of TUR ……Materials Accounting
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
� use 40% reduction
� by-products 70% reduction
� emissions 90% reduction
� shipped in 60% reduction
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Safer Alternatives Exist!
� There’s No Excuse For It
� Drop-In Substitutes
� Process Changes
� Different Materials
� Emerging Opportunities
Companies have saved millions of $$
•……and maintain competitive advantage
• reductions have been significant
• working environment safer
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Use of Carcinogens
Cadmium 40% reduction
Formaldehyde 70% reduction
Percholoroethylene 70% reduction
Trichloroethylene 75% reduction
Pam Eliason www.turi.org
Emissions reduction
� Cadmium 100% reduction
� Formaldehyde ~90%
� Perc ~99%
� TCE ~98%
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
�
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Primary Prevention is critical for allCanadians
� In 1930s, 1 in 10 Canadians could expect to develop cancer over their lifetime
� In 1970, the number had increased to 1 in 5
� Today, 1 in 2.7 women and 1 in 2.4 men can expect to develop cancer over their lifetime
—Canadian Cancer Society Annual Statistics 2002 (figures age-standardized to adjust for aging population)
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Percentage Cancer due to Occupational Exposuresbased on WHO Exposure Models� Lung Cancer 6-13 %� Larynx Cancer 1-20� Nose/nasopharynx 33-46� Mesothelioma 85-90� Bladder cancer 7-19� Kidney cancer 0-2� Liver cancer 1 � Skin cancer 1-6� Leukemia 1-3
Steenland et al, Am J Indust Medicine, 2003
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Worker Protection not a focus
� UV sunlight responsible for 1 per cent of cancers (in Canada)
� Smoking accounts for 29 per cent of cancers
� Occupational-environmental carcinogens responsible for 20 % of some cancers and 90% of asbestos related cancers
� But government prevention programs focus mainly on the first two causes
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Building alliances: ensure workplace
cancer is part of public health focus on
cancer prevention & environmental
Pollution
� occupational health and cancer researchers,
� labour;
� regulators;
� cancer agencies,
� environmental ngo’s
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Industrial Chemicals� 1,2-Dichloroethane� 1,3-Butadiene� 1,4-Dioxane� Acetaldehyde� Acrylamide� Acrylonitrile� Benzene� Bitumens� Chloroform� Coal-tar & pitches� Creosotes� Dichloromethane� Epichlorohydrin� Ethylbenzene
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
� Ethylene oxide� Formaldehyde� Naphthalene� Nitrobenzene� Polychlorinated biphenyls� Styrene� Tetrachloroethylene� Toluene di-isocyanates� Trichloroethylene
Pesticides� 2,4-D� Chlorothalonil� MCPA� MCPP� Pentachlorophenol
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
Environmental Pollutants� 1,3-Butadiene� TCDD� Acetaldehyde� Benzene� Chloroform� Dichloromethane� Ethylbenzene� Ethylene oxide� Formaldehyde� PCBs� Styrene� Tetrachloroethylene
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
� Metals � Arsenic & compounds� Cadmium & compounds� Chromium, hexavalent� Lead & compounds� Nickel & compounds
� Pesticides� 2,4-D� Chlorothalonil� Dichlorvos� Lindane� MCPA, MCPP� Pentachlorophenol
� Others� Asbestos� Chlorination byproducts� PAHs� Particulate air pollution� Magnetic fields (elf)� Radon decay products
Larry Stoffman Canadian H&S activist
AMWU
circulated HSR March 2010
Occupational Cancer: a union guide to prevention
AMWU
� Annual H&S Booklet contains list of priority chemicals by industry
� NSW branch working on project with NSW WorkCover
� Member of Occupational & Environmental subcommittee at CCA
kNOw forum: immediate activity
Committee working on
� occupational and environmental cancers in CCA National Cancer Prevention Policy
� paper on Reducing exposure to carcinogens in Australian workplaces
� education for General Practitioners
Where to?
� Where would we like to be in ten years time?
How to get there?
� What do we need to do in the next 12 -24 months to get to where we want to be?