ANALYSIS OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN”THE

AVIATOR”

By :Ega Viata Fornila (142120003)

Eva Susanti (142120017)Naviatul Muhajiroh (142120022)

Ari Jumiati Dwi Rahayu (142120027)Intan Puspita Sari (142120028)

Dwi Meisaroh (142120029)Esra Wijayanti (142120042)

Nailul Amani Sulthon (142120034)

Abstract

Film is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of movingimages due to the phenomenon. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picturecamera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques, or by acombination of some or all of this techniques and other visual effects.

The Aviator is an American biographical drama film based on real story life of Howard Hughes, avery successful movie director in Texas, directed by Martin Scorsese and script written by John Logan.The Aviator was released in the United States on December 25, 2004 and success won 5 categories inOscar Academy Awards 2005 in such as best performance by an actress, Best achievement inCinematography, the Best Achievement in Art direction, and etc.

The story is about Howard Hughes, very rich and success movie director, who had ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder (OCD). He was born in a family that very concern about cleanness. His mothershowed him about the horrible effect of some disease He become phobia of dirt, everything he touch mustbe hygienic. He brought his phobia up to his older age, tried to struggle against his disease to reach hisambition and success. The analysis OCD of this movie is using psychological approach through the maincharacter.

The result, Howard had an obsessive compulsive disorder start from his childhood. His anxietyof infected by disease is sometime too much without he could handle it. The analysis OCD in this movie isusing psychological approach through the main character.

Key word: film, obsessive compulsive disorder, character, psychological aproach, the aviator

I. Introduction

The Aviator tells the story of the early adult life of Howard Hughes, the notoriouslyeccentric and talented billionaire. Hughes was a driven and often successful aeronauticsengineer, filmmaker, and lady’s man in Hollywood of the 1920s-1940s. Among other issues,Hughes appears to have been affected by OCD symptoms that at times were severe andincapacitating, although for much of the period of his life depicted in the film he functionsrelatively well.

For anyone interested in learning more about OCD, this film provides tremendousinsight into the thoughts and compulsions that can cause sufferers so much distress. It alsoillustrates the fact that depression may arise in association with untreated OCD and cancontribute to the burden of illness. The Aviator helps us to imagine how it might feel to beclose to someone with OCD who has not yet sought help.

The main character in The Aviator is Howard Hughes played by Leonardo Dicaprio whohas OCD starting based on his habitual activity since he was young. Howard grow up in heclean-concerned family. So he become very hygienic person and worry if get dirt. Howardgrow up as an ambitious and high enthusiasm person. He is very eccentric and playboy. Noteverybody like his character. He make relationship with an actress Katharine Hepburn.

II. Brief of related theory

a.Film

b. Character

c. Obsessive compulsive disorder d. Psycholo-gical

approach

Film is a series of

moving pictures,

usually shown in a

cinema or on

television and often

telling a story

(cambridge dictionry)

According to Kindem (2000:1) Movies are both art and commerce, creative

expressions of national/cultural interests and

preoccupations and part of a global entertainment

market.

Quinn (2006:165) states that film is a general term for a particular motion

picture or for motion pictures in general.

Intrinsic elements of film

Theme: Theme is the subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a

person’s thoughts; a topic ( Hornby,1995:1237)

PlotPlot is a plan or an outline of the events in a play or novel

(Hornby, 1995:887). Plot is the sequence of incidents or events of which a story is composed (Perrine, 1974:43).

CharacterizationAccording to Peck and Coyle (1989:79) “the people in a

play/drama/film are referred to as characters. We assess them on the basis of what they say and do, and what the other character say

about them.

Setting Setting is a set surroundings; the

place, the time at which something happens (Hornby, 1995:1078).

MessageThe moral value

that can be taken by the viewers after watching the story

ExpositionRising action

ClimaxFalling Action

Resolution

Horror films are designed to frighten and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horror films feature

a wide range of styles, from the earliest silent Nosferatu classic, to today's CGI monsters and deranged humans.

Adventure films are usually exciting stories, with new experiences or exotic locales, very similar to or often paired with the action film genre. They can include traditional swashbucklers, serialized films, and historical spectacles (similar to the epics film genre), searches or expeditions for lost continents, "jungle" and "desert"

epics, treasure hunts, disaster films, or searches for the unknown.

War (and anti-war) films acknowledge the horror and heartbreak of war, letting the actual combat fighting (against nations or humankind) on land, sea, or in the air provide the primary plot or background for the

action of the film.

Action films usually include high energy, big-budget physical stunts and chases, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, escapes, destructive crises (floods, explosions, natural disasters, fires, etc.), non-stop motion, spectacular rhythm and

pacing, and adventurous, often two-dimensional 'good-guy' heroes (or recently, heroines) battling 'bad guys'

Sci-fi films are often quasi-scientific, visionary and imaginative - complete with heroes, aliens, distant planets, impossible quests, improbable settings, fantastic places, great dark and shadowy villains,

futuristic technology, unknown and unknowable forces, and extraordinary monsters ('things or creatures from space'), either created by mad scientists or by nuclear havoc.

Comedies are light-hearted plots consistently and deliberately designed to

amuse and provoke laughter (with one-liners, jokes, etc.) by exaggerating the

situation, the language, action, relationships and characters.

Crime (gangster) films are developed around the sinister actions of criminals or

mobsters, particularly bankrobbers, underworld figures, or ruthless hoodlums

who operate outside the law, stealing and murdering their way through lifeEpics take an historical or imagined event, mythic, legendary, or heroic figure, and add

an extravagant setting and lavish costumes, accompanied by grandeur and spectacle,

dramatic scope, high production values, and a sweeping musical score. Epics are often

a more spectacular, lavish version of a biopic film.

Musical/dance films are cinematic forms that emphasize full-scale scores or song and dance routines in a significant way (usually with a musical or dance performance integrated as part of the film narrative), or they are films that are centered on

combinations of music, dance, song or choreography.

Westerns are the major defining genre of the American film industry - a eulogy to the early days of the expansive American frontier. They are one of the oldest, most enduring genres with very recognizable plots, elements, and characters (six-

guns, horses, dusty towns and trails, cowboys, Indians, etc.).

Dramas are serious, plot-driven presentations, portraying realistic characters, settings, life situations, and stories involving intense character development and interaction. Usually, they are not focused on special-

effects, comedy, or action,

Character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work. There are many types of characters that exist in literature, each with its own development and function.

A protagonist is a main

character who generates

the action of a story and

engages the reader's

interest and empathy

Antagonist is a character that

provides opposition to the

protagonist, or main character, in a

story. This character or group of

characters creates conflict for the

main character.

Is an anxiety disorder (DSM-IV ) characterized by recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions)and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that cause problems in information processing.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is described as an anxiety disorder.

The condition has two main parts: obsessions and compulsions.

CompulsionsCompulsions are repetitive activities that you feel you have to do. This could be

something like repeatedly checking a door to make sure

it is locked or repeating a specific phrase in your head to

prevent harm coming to a loved one.

Obsessions Obsessions are unwelcome thoughts, images, urges or

doubts that repeatedly appear in your mind; for

example, thinking that you have been contaminated by

dirt and germs, or experiencing a sudden urge

to hurt someone.

COMMON OBSESSIONS (Thoughts)

1. Repeated thoughts about

contamination (public restrooms or

shaking hands).

2. Repeated doubts (leaving lights

on or leaving the door unlocked).

3. Things or objects need to be in a

particular place or order (intense

distress when objects are

disordered or asymmetrical).

COMMON COMPULSIONS (Behaviors)

1. Hand washing (so repetitive that they become raw).

2. Counting (how many cards in a deck, over and over again).

3. Cleaning (spots on windows)4. Checking (the lights to make sure they’re off; locked doors

every few minutes.5. Request/demand assurances

Repeat actions & ordering.

Age Range: Males (6-15 years) Females (20-29 years).

Equal occurrence in both genders.

Obsession with dirt/germs: Avoid using public restrooms.

Hypochondriacal concerns: make repeated visits to the doctor for reassurance.

Obsession with guilt: have a pathological sense of responsibility. (Depressed because they don’t want to feel this way but can’t stop because of guilty feelings).

Excessive use of alcohol or sedatives, hypnotic or anxiolytic medications (Xanax, Valium, Librium, Rivotril, Ativan).

Avoidance of situations; keep to themselves mostly; stay at home (so others don’t see odd behaviors).

Those with mild cases may be quite successful in life because they are overly conscientious and are perfectionists.

Obsessions may not be as obvious as compulsions.

OCD Treatment Strategies

OCD affects not only the sufferer, but the whole family

Family and friends often have a hard time accepting the fact that the person with OCD cannot stop thedistressing behavior

Family members may show anger or resentment, resulting in an increase in the OCD behavior

Other times, to keep the peace, they may assist or enable the rituals

Education about OCD is as important for the family as it is for the patient

.

•Perspective psychoanalysisFreud emphasizes unconscious motivation –

the main cause of behavior lie in unconscious mind.

Perspective behavioristicExperts behavior suggests that obsessive compulsive disorder is a learned behavior, and

reinforced with reduced fear (Davison & Neale, 2001). Behavioral theory considers compulsions as a learned behavior that is reinforced by a strong redukasi.

cognitive perspectiveAnother idea that emerged was checking compulsions occur due to memory deficits. Inability to recall

some action accurately, or to distinguish between behavior that is actually done and imagination checked many times. While the obsessive thoughts arise because of the inability or difficulty to ignore the stimulus

(Davison & Neale, in Fausiah & Widury, 2007).

D. Psychological Approach

III. DISCUSSION

Martin Scorsese directed this fast-moving, epic-scale biopic documenting the life and loves one of the most colorful

Americans of the 20th century, Howard Hughes. The Aviator follows Hughes (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) as the

twentysomething millionaire, having already made a fortune improving the design of oil-drilling bits, comes to

Hollywood with an interest in getting into the picture business. It doesn't take long for Hughes, with his passion for

airplanes, to jump from producer to director of his first major film project, a World War I air epic called Hell's Angels,

which took three years to complete thanks to the shift from silent to sound filming and Hughes' relentless perfectionism.

However, the film was a massive hit, and the eccentric inventor became a mogul in Hollywood, making Jean Harlow

(Gwen Stefani) a star and enjoying a romance with Katharine Hepburn (Cate Blanchett). But Hollywood's old-boy

network never fully accepted Hughes, and in time his passion for flying began to reclaim his attentions as he began

designing new planes, setting air speed records, flying around the world, and risking his life testing aircraft. Hughes also

found time to romance Ava Gardner (Kate Beckinsale) and founded his own airline, Trans-World Airlines, though as his

ideas became bolder, his approach became more eccentric, and he gained many powerful enemies, including the head of

Pan-American Airlines, Juan Trippe (Alec Baldwin), and Senator Ralph Owen Brewster (Alan Alda), who attempted to

prove that Hughes' radical design ideas were actually part of an effort to bilk taxpayers for millions of dollars through

government contracts. The Aviator's star-studded cast also includes John C. Reilly, Jude Law, Willem Dafoe, Ian Holm,

and Frances Conroy. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi

Character

The main character in film “THE AVIATOR”.

My name is Howard Hughes,

(vid, 00:05:49)

Perfectionist“What i have isn’t

enough.(Vid, 00:07:56)

Very hygienic“milk please, in the bottle with cap still

on.”(video, 00:07:45)

AvaOne of Howard’s woman who help

him from his suffer.

OddieHoward’s planemechanic

I’m Noah Dietrich. (vid, 00:02:48)

1. Vice director in tools Hughes.(vid,

00:03:10)2. Taking care of

financial Huges(vid, 00:03:03)

1. One of Howard’s mate, an actress, shown in “I find

alive on stage..”.( vid, 00:28:45)

2. The woman who was knowing Howard’s character well, shown

in her sentence “I sweat and you’re deaf

…(vi, 00:29:49)

Owen Brewster

President of Pan Am Airways, Howard’s

competitor who try to monopoly flight

company in.

Senator who cooperate with Juan

Trippe to authorize the flight company in US

by taking advantage of Howard’s weakness.

He didn’t eat his food after Meyer took the nut from his plate (video, 00:35:31) and after he saw the juicy meat on the plate in Kate’s

lunch family and he instead leave the room in rush (video, 01:00:15)

He is so worry when FBI checking his house and touching everything. (vid, 01:57:03)

When he heard someone flush the toilet in public restroom. (vid, 00:57:14)

The sign of obsession showed on his anxiety by his face expression, odd behavior, avoidance, concern

with cleanliness in some scene as follows:

He bring his own bar soap to use in public restroom. (vid, 00:56:00)

Howard Hughes showed the sign of his compulsion in the scene as follows:

Common compulsions include physical compulsions, e.g. washing or checking, mental compulsions, repeating a specific word or phrase.

Washing

He wash his hand repeatedly until raw and

even bleeding. (video,00:56:10 and 01:27:10)

Touching & CheckingHe touch the seat in the theatre as if it

is very dirty. (vid, 00:21:12)He hold mic with tissue because he thinks that the mic is dirty. (video,

02:09:26)He wrap the wheel of an airplane with

cellophane tape to form a barrier against germs.(00:37:39)

Repeating a word or phraseHe spell word QUARANTINE when he got

distress.(01:40:32)He is unable to control outbursts of repeated

phrases “show me all the blue prints”(01:40:00), “the way the future”(02:41:36). It happen when he

is pressurized by his anxiety or in stressful situation.

AvoidanceHe avoid to touch the door knob in the public restroom instead wait for

someone to come in to open it.(01:27:56)

He avoid to shake hand with his competitor.(01:12:48)

Mental CompulsionHe burn all his clothes which ever touch by his girlfriend after he

broke her. (video, 01:19:20)He looks miserable after forcing himself to eat and drink from the

finger-printed glass with Brewster. (vid, 02:03:35)He saw his worker as a stranger as if they are going to harm him.

(vid, 01:38:07 and he repeat this action on video 02:40:43)

IsolationWorst condition, he locked himself in the room with no clothes in the mess. His regression starting in vid,02:09:20, he repeat the phrase “come in with the milk”… spell the word “Quarantine”. He collect his urine in the milk bottle and so on.

He have to attend senate hearing to

defend himself against accusations of war profiteering.

Juan visit and said that he will do anything to

get WTA. (02:11:50)

He watch his movie The Hell’s Angels and as if he felt pain in all part of his

body

He also pilot his other new plane, Constellation, which is almost bring him to death.(01:46:07). He pilot his Hercules with

bet if it’s failed he’ll never come back to US.(02:36:23)

Howard tried to struggle with his OCD.

He come out from

his isolation

room.

He ask Ava to help him

cleaning up.

He attend the

senate session

He accept to shake hand with anyone who support

him

He continue

his Herculesproject

His effort to cope his anxiety bring a good result as follows he win the session, he get the trust back from the society, he success to make the biggest plane ever made. He could return to who Howard before, a high optimist

person. He can proof that his illness didn’t stop him to be success.

The onset of OCD in The Aviator is in Howard’s childhood which unconsciously he brought up to adult. His mother is the person who are very concern about cleanliness.

Q-u-a-r-a-n-t-i-n-e

I do, mom.

You’ve seen the houses with the sign of this…

Yes Mom.

Do you know the Cholera?

Do you know the Typhus?

You know what they can do to

you?..

You are not save..

When I grow up, I will fly the

fastest plane ever flew..

Make the biggest movies ever, and be the richest

men in the world.(02:42:42)

Conclusion

• Howard Hughes get his Obsessive Compulsive syndrome since he was child because of his mother teach him to keep himself clean.

• His showed an odd behaviour whenever he felt or saw any dirty thing.• Stressful situation also influencing the disease become worst.• Someone who suffered with OCD usually do an odd thing such as: wash

hand repeatedly, repeat action, repeat thought.• The way to overcome OCD is must starting from the person itself.• The family, friends, or close friends can help them manage their anxiety.

Reference

Intrinic elements of film (http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/26630/4/Chapter%20II.pdf)

Hornby ,A.S.2005.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.England : Oxford University Press

Peck and Coyle, 1989. Literary Term and Criticism. London: Mcmillan Education LTD

Hornby,a.s. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionaryof Curent English. Newyork: Oxford University press.

Kindem, Gorham. 2000. The International Movie Industry. United States of America. Southern Illinois University Press Roshworth, M.Kidderfive (2003)