observing the distant solar system with subaru and the new … · 2019-12-04 · observing the...
TRANSCRIPT
Observing the distant solar
system with Subaru and the
New Horizons spacecraft
JJ Kavelaars - for the New Horizons science team
THE KUIPER BELT AND PLANET
FORMATION
Constraints from orbits and surface properties
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Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt
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1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)
Bannister et al. 2018
Orbital Distribution of the Kuiper belt
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Bannister et al. 2018
1142 TNO orbits from the CFHT surveys (CFEPS, HiLat, OSSOS)
TNOs orbits probe epoch of planet formation in
the Outer Solar System
Blue Binaries (Fraser et al., 2018) 5
Manset et al. 2019
Bimodality of the colour distribution exhibited
by 229 KBOs in the Colours for OSSOS project.
Manset et al. 2019
Colour and Inclination are correlated
among the TNOs
No red TNOs in the high-inclination
populations.
Inclination is a strong signature of
scattering.
Appears that the red-objects come from
a region of the solar system that did not
experience strong dynamical stirring.
See talk by Pike tomorrow
Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs
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Launch : 19 January 2006 14th Anniversary
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New Horizons Instruments
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LORRI: High-Resolution Panchromatic Imager:
Geology, Navigation, Searches for
Moons and Rings
Ralph: Color Imager and Infrared Composition
Mapper
Alice: Ultraviolet Spectral Imager:
Atmospheric Searches
REX: Radio Science Experiment: Surface
Temperature and Radar Reflectivity
SWAP: Low-Energy Charged Particle Detector:
Solar Wind Interaction
PEPSSI: High-Energy Charged Particle
Detector: Search for Emitted Ions
SDC: Dust Impact Detector
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MOVING INTO THE KUIPER BELT
Searching for a close encounter target
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The Kuiper belt in 1999 – planning an encounter
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2012 Search from Subaru
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2013 Search from Subaru
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2014 Search from Subaru
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How Close were we in 2013?
About 130 m/sec available onboard for KBO
targeting
The closest KBO found from the ground would
required 220 m/sec ΔV to reach
Delta-V statistics suggest we are ~75% complete
to R~25.6
Required ΔVs for discovered objects (blue
histograms)
Prediction from models and based on achieved
depths (red curve).
Might have got there by now if small-number
statistics had been kinder…
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Search with HST-ACS
160 orbits – 83 Fields – r < 27.5NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 19
CLOSE ENCOUNTER WITH ATTOKOTH
First ever resolved imaging of a TNO
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Approach imaging
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Stern et al., 2019
December 31, 2018
Ultima Thul
e Flyby
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IR spectrum of integrated spectrum of 2014 MU69
NEW HORIZONS A SPACE CRUISING
OBSERVATORY
TNOs found during the encounter target search
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Journey to the Solar System’s Frontier25
New Horizons– a space cruising observatoryNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 26
Shadow hiding at low phase and
surface roughness at moderate phase angles
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From Lumme and Bowel (1981)
Example of Distant TNO discovered by Subaru
and observed by New Horizons at large phase
KEM Distant Kuiper Belt Objects (DKBO) Observations
Anne Verbiscer Simon Porter, Susan Benecchi, J. J. Kavelaars, Harold Weaver, John Spencer, Marc Buie, Bonnie
Buratti, Catherine Olkin, Joel Parker, Alan Stern, Leslie Young, Kelsi Singer, and the New Horizons Science Team
0.5 AUa = 74°
0.6 AUa = 47°
0.9 AUa = 29°
Hot Classical (516977) 2012 HZ84
New Horizons 43rd Science Team Meeting Orlando, Florida 23 October 2019 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA 30
2012 HZ84 shallow phase slope
2011 HK103 shallow phase slope
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DKBO Solar Phase Curves
All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
DKBO Solar Phase Curves
All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree
Verbiscer et al, 2019
DKBO Solar Phase Curves
All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree
2011 HJ103 shallow phase slope.
2011 JY31 steeper phase slope
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DKBO Solar Phase Curves
All phase coefficients (slopes) between 10 and 50 deg phase are 0.03 mag/degree
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
Verbiscer et al, 2019
Phase variation at low phase angle – small
sample with variation
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HC
Verbiscer et al, 2019
NEW HORIZONS OPPORTUNITY FOR
PARTNERSHIP
Continuing into the future.
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All systems functional: Power from RTG good.
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Still
working
Power
Switching
Commands
Power
Switching
CommandsTh
ruste
r V
alv
e D
rive, C
at.
Bed
Heate
rs
1PPS
Cross
Strap #1
1PPS
Cross
Strap #2
BP
A
BP
A
BP
A
BP
A
External
Shunts
Internal
Shunts
Cat. Bed Temp
Sensors
On All
REAs
RS
-422
INS
TR
UM
EN
TS
G&
C P
rocesso
r
C&
DH
Pro
cesso
r
SS
R
Do
wn
lin
k T
x
G&
C P
rocesso
r
C&
DH
Pro
cesso
r
Do
wn
lin
k T
x
SRU
PDU
RTG
Obs. Power Bus (30V +/- 1V)
Star
Tracker
POWER
GUIDANCE
& CONTROL
Component
Power
I2C
Mil Std 1553 Bus
LNA
LO
RR
I
PE
PS
SI
AL
ICE
RA
LP
H
RS
-422
LNA
Aft
LGA
Fwd
LGA
Switch
Network
RF COMMUNICATIONS
USO
Dip
lexer
Co
mm
an
d
De
co
der
TWTA
Instr
um
en
t
Inte
rface
Instr
um
en
t
Inte
rface
C&DH (PCI Backplane)
SW
AP
Star
Tracker
SS
R
C&DH (PCI Backplane)
Internal
Heaters
THERMAL
CONTROL
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #1
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS MODULE #2
Shunt Regulator
Majo
rity
Vo
ter
& T
LM
LV
DS
RS
-422
LV
DS
RS
-422
RS
-422
LV
DS
HGA
RIO
(7)
RIO
(7)
SD
C
MGA
Up
lin
k R
xC
CD
Up
lin
k R
xC
CD
P
A1
A2
A3
Latch
Valves
0.8 N ACS
Thrusters
4.4 N V
Thrusters
Filter
Fill/Drain
Fill/Vent
GHe
N2H4
P
Orifice
PROPULSION
Pressure
Transducer
C4 D4
B1
B2
B3
T
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3
F1 F2
Hybrid
USO
EPC
EPC
Po
wer
Sw
itch
ing
Cu
rren
t L
imit
(8 S
lices)
Ca
pacit
or
Ba
nk
(33m
F)
Dri
vers
(15)
Au
xilia
ry
LV
S
TL
M
Auxiliary
Interfaces
RE
X, R
eg
. R
an
ge
I2C
1PPS
Cross
Strap #2
TWTA
1PPS
Cross
Strap #1
DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital
DC/DC Converter, Uplink/DownlinkDC/DC Converter, IEM Digital
Fine Sun
Sensors
Co
ntr
ol
(3)
PDB
(2)
IMU
IMU
Sun Pulse
Sensors
1553
CM
D/T
LM
STRUCTURE
HARNESS
FLIGHT SOFTWARE
C&DH 4.2
G&C 4.1
Boot 3.8
Autonomy 16
COMMAND & DATA HANDLING
Legend
Checked Out OK
Not Checked Out
Checked Out With Issue
Checkout Not Planned
Modes and States
AS-N
PS-N
PS-H
3A-N
3A-E
AS-EA
AS-SAAS-T
PS-T
3A-T
RE
X, R
eg
. R
an
ge
All System Go
National Research Council of Canada 36
23 October 2019 All Systems Nominal – Green is Go!
Propellant Margin 9/30/2019 Thruster Cycles Margin 9/30/2019
Propellant
(kg)Thruster Cycles
Usable propellant loaded at launch (Note 1) 75.59End of KEM Thruster Cycle Limit = (Qual Limit on
D1/D3 + Qual Limit on B1/B3)818,000
Propellant used as of 9/30/2019 62.79Thruster cycles used as of 9/30/2019 = (Max of
D1/D3+B1/B3 and 2*An/Cn) (Note 2)617,276
Usable propellant remaining as of 9/30/2019 = (75.59-
62.79) ± 0.8 kg (Notes 1,2)12.80
Thruster cycles remaining as of 9/30/2019 =
(818000-617276)200,724
Propellant budgeted for use after 9/30/2019 (Note 3) 1.50Thruster cycles budgeted for use after 9/30/2019
(Note 3)30,473
Predicted usable propellant remaining at end of KEM =
(12.80-1.5) ± 0.8 kg11.30
Predicted usable thruster cycles at end of KEM =
(200724-30473)170,251
Margin = (12.80-1.5)/12.80 88% Margin = (200724-30473)/200724 85%
(1) Includes the additional 700 g due to new expulsion eff iciency estimate approved by A. Stern on 4/25/2019
(2) From Weekly Status Report dated 10/1/2019
(3) From MOL v55.2 and planned Mission Operations
Propellant & Thruster Cycle Margin
23 October 2019 New Horizons Science Team Meeting 37
Sufficient resources for another flyby, if a target is identified.
Proposed 2012 Search Area using HSC
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Subaru and New Horizons – probing the TNOs
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2021 search using Subaru - HSC
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THANK YOUJJ Kavelaars • New Horizons Co-Investigator • [email protected]