Objections to the Granting of CDM status to the Phata-Byung Hydroelectric Project

After reading the Project Design Document (PDD) dated 09.08.2010 (version 1 as available on the UNFCC website) for the Phata- Byung Hydro Electric Project, we believe that the project should not be granted CDM for the following reasons:

I- UTARAKHAND- A STATE OF DAMS

The Phata- Byung project is on the river Mandakini. There are six other projects proposed and under implementation on the same river. The Phata- Byung project is being proposed by the Lanco Mandakini Hydro Energy Private Limited. With as many as 6 projects the natural flow of the river will be affected affected.

Across Indian the Lanco group has 8 operational projects. Out of these 2 use coal. They have 10 projects under construction and 5 out of these use coal. They have a further 5 projects under development and 2 use coal.

However while the Company shows in the PDD Alternative-2 (Page 10) that a BAU scenario is not viable due to the increased coal-based generation in the NEWNE grid of India, it continues to expand its Coal based power project in Chhatisgarh (part of NEWNE grid), India from 600 MW to 1920 MW (http://www.lancogroup.com/power/Power.html). This expansion will also add to the increased coal-based generation in NEWNE which is contradiction to their statement about avoiding coal based projects in the NEWNE grid.

II- PROBLEMS

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

1. The project developer (Lanco Mandakini Hydro Energy Private Limited) has not done any satisfactory consultation with the people in the affected villages. The local people have not been given any of the project documents like the detailed project report, or the full environment impact assessment or environment management plan in the language that they can understand. Nor have the people been told about the adverse impacts of such projects through a credible process. This is clear violation of the rights of the people and also violation of the CDM norms for consultation of the stakeholders and the local people. The claim made by the proponents in the CDM PDD in this regard is wrong.

2. The Ganga River is an essential part of the daily lives and culture of this place and its people. The continuous dam-ing of the rivers of this area has led to the destruction of their unque culture. The PDD makes no mention about loss of cultural identify and how they would seek to address this critical concern.

3. The unemployed of the region rely on fishing for their daily income. This has been taken away from them with no scope of compensation.

4. Locals are being employed to fell the trees in their own forests. The company has started pitting brothers against brothers. They have been able to buy some people over to their side and this has led to disharmony in the otherwise, harmonious mountain state.

5. The villages of Tarsari, Badsu, Shursi which are located on top of the proposed tunnels all oppose the project. While the project claims that villages located over the tunnels will not be affected the on the ground situation shows that such villages are being affected in diverse ways.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

The following are the major problems in the Phata- Byung project area:

1. The project was required to ensure no adverse impact on vegetation and livestock. (condition 6 of Forest Clearance date 16.1.2009 as in the annexure MEF study 0610.pdf) However, the dust and noise during the blasts has made the livestock flee. Many animals like Leopard, Fox, Jackal, Pheasant birds and other creatures are not seen in the region anymore. The loss of other biodiversity is also clearyly visible

2. Disposal of muck into the river is killing fishes. People depend on this water in many ways especially for feeding their livestock. There are buffaloes getting sick drinking this filthy water.

3. The dust from the blasts is covering plants, leading to death of plants and lower yield of crop.

4. Mountain groundwater is drying out due to piercing of aquifers5. There is deterioration of the water quality due to lack of contact with sun and

air6. Deterioration of air quality due to methane emissions7. Plan for biodiversity has not been prepared by the project proponent as yet.

This should have been formulated before the construction of the dam was started.

8. Increased landslides due to weakening of mountains. While dams are constructed to withstand earthquakes in this Zone 5 seismological classified area, increased damage to local population is not accounted for. The region jas a history of natural disasters including an earthquake in 1991 in which 75% of houses lost their roofs. In the 1999 Chamoli earthquake, several houses were destroyed by the tremors in this region. And in a 2001 landslide 14 people were killed in Phata and Byung

9. The company claims to want to restore the water sources in the mountain with high density forests. However, as the Vishnu Prayag Hydro Electric Project which is on Alaknanda River, experience shows, the loss of mountain aquifers makes this impossible and such statements are nothing but eyewash.

10. A project this size is bound to have serious impact from the blasting for the tunnels and diversion structure, addition of large number of outsiders to the area and the impacts thereof, the disposal of the muck created in the project activity, the laying of transmission lines & roads, noise and dust pollution during construction, increase of possibilities of soil erosion and land slides and so on.

III-IMPACT OF THE PHATA-BYUNG PROJECT TILL TODAY

1. PEOPLE’S AGITATION In 2008, women from the villages of Mandakini valley left their homes and hearth and joined a concerted agitation for six months to not let the dam works continue. Even today the people are fighting to have the dams and hydro projects shut down. The people’s anger is justified. The people were never told about the impacts of the dam and never heard of an Environmental Impact Assessment Report and Management scheme during the Public Hearing conducted in relation to the dam. These people are being called anti-development, yet they leave their own subsistence work unattended andface the wrath of the authorities and continue to protest against these big dams. The dams proposed on the Mandakini are all above 15m, which makes them large dams (as per International Commistion Of Larg Dams definitions). The government has been promising to ban large dams. Even the ex-Chief Minister even made a statement in Gopeshwar in January 2008 in the regard.

2. THERE IS NO DATA ON EMPLOYMENT CREATION BY DAMS There is no data available of employment creation by dams with the government or any other agency. But experience shows that dams have never positively affected local employment scenario. It more often than not destroys existing forms of livelihood. There is no mention of how much of livelihood displacement is actually taking places, how many families are losing their land and how many are losing their livelihood. Further the project does not gaurantee that the jobs will be given to people from the locally displaced and affected communities.

3. THE NON OBJECTION CERTIFICATE (NOC) FORM AFFECTED VILLAGES PROVE VIOLATION OF LAW

The NOC, received from villages, have all been typed out and the name of the village scribbled by hand later. These photocopied forms were then stamped by the village panchayat person, without a proper public debate in the village on the issue and mostly without the person with the stamp having any idea about the project. In many cases the Village Panchayat heads have been coerced, threatened, bribed or misguided into placing their signatures. Several objections have been susequently raised by the communities.

IV-PROCEDURAL VIOLATIONS

1. The Ministry of Environment and Forests sent a special commitee (CFF) to examine and assess the status of the Environment and Forest Clearance of Hydro Power projects on the river Mandakini especially the Phata- Byung Hydro Electric Project made the following observations in its report to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF):

• Proper norms of felling were found missing (2.3 3rd para)• There is a chance of spillage of muck into the river (2.2 2nd para)• Muck disposal not done properly (2.3 3rd para)• Additional District Magistrate (ADM) informed that instructions have

been issued to do blasting at night (2.4 (i))

• Project Authority has not provided details of public hearing (3.2.1 page 12)

• Project did not provide details of bio-diversity plan but assumed compliance (3.2.1 Page 12)

• Plan for fisheries development not provided (3.2.1 Page 12)• No provision of environmental flows has been made (3.2.1 Page 12)• Status of R&R plan could not be ascertained in absence of report by

project authority (3.3.1 Page 17)• Weal arrangements for slope stabilization seen (3.3.1 Page 18 and

3.3.2)Points quoted in this report are available in the MEF study 0610.pdf appended as an annexure

2. Other violations:• The Developers have very cleverly supplanted the NOC given by the

village Pradhan (Village Head) as the resolution of Gram Sabha (Village Body). A Gram Sabha (or village meeting) usually involves discussion of a particular issue with the entire village who then take a consenses or unanimous decision. There has been no permission taken from the Gram Sabha.

• 300 kg/day of explosives is used in Phata-Bhyung project leading to cracks in houses in nearby villages like Ryadi. The explosives are used at night (and not in ‘exceptional circumtnaces’)with the connivance of District Administartion. This is a violation of Explosives Act again documented in the report by the specially appointed committee to review the Project Violations (See MEF study 0610.pdf)

• Developers are cutting down forests without appropriate permission from Van Panchayats (Village Forest Councils) and Gram Sabhas (Village Councils )).

V- COMMENTS ON THE PDD FOR PHATA BYUNG HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT (76 MW)

The Project Design Document (PDD) for Phata Byung Hydro Electric Project (76MW) was available on the website of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/5UYHT7VLKBNDSOWCE0Z6X3A8F9R2GJ.

1. DESTRUCTION OF MAIN OCCUPATION OF PEOPLE AND THEIR CULTURE- The Developer themselves admit that “The occupation of the majority people in the project vicinity is cultivation of rice, wheat, millet and pulses. The area is rich in ethnic and cultural diversity” (Page 3 of PDD ). The developers, however, fail to realise that the weakening of the mountains and its soil will put the residents in a precarious situation. The people may lose their only source of livelihood. The infrastructure would not matter when majority of the people will be left landless and unemployed. Also, how does improving living standards help protect their culture?

2. NO EMPLOYMENT AS MIGRANT WORKERS ARE LIKELY TO BE USED- The PDD says that “The project activity envisages sizable investment in the region which would ensure economic development of the local people.”(Page 3 of PDD ). This statement by the Developers is very vague, yet they are spending Rs. 5200 million on it. They argue that the project will generate only 600 jobs during construction period and only 60 during operation period. Since majority of the people are farmers and are not skilled workers are required on construction sites, this is unlikely to benefit the locals. If however, they do take up these jobs, what is to become of these 600 workers when the construction is over. As is evidenced in other projects the so called 60 permanent jobs will usually be offerred to highly skilled, educated and trained people thus exclduing most if not all of the people from the affected local communities. Also, the company on the one hand promises employment opportunities to the locals. On the other hand, it talks about immunizing migrant labour as they may carry diseases. “The migrant workers may be the potential carriers of diseases such as AIDS, VDS, Malaria, Gastroenteritis etc. The project authorities and contractors would ensure all the labourers and their family members get registered and quarantined, vaccinated against common ailments like malaria, T.B etc. The estimated cost for this is Rs 21.164 millions”( Page 38 of PDD ). In most of the other dams in the State all the workers are migrant labour. This suits the Developers as they are not forced to follow the Labour Laws of the State and there is no community pressure to abide by the law and have proper working conditions, which would have been the case in case locals were used.

3. NO BIO-DIVERSITY PLAN- While the report claims that “proper Biodiversity Management Plan and afforestation plans are proposed by the project proponent” (Page 38 of PDD ) and they claim it will cost Rs. 2.2255 million, the CFF report states that project proponents have not provided details of the biodiversity plan for the area. This biodiversity plan should have been made before the construction of the dam had begun.

4. PROJECT TO HAVE SERIOUS IMPACT ON ECOLOGY- While in the PDD it claims that “The project will avoid air, water, soil pollution and save environment and ecology”(Page 3 of PDD ), it goes on to list the impact that the project will have on the ecology of the area during construction period. ((Page 38 of PDD ). It is not clear how the project will avoid air, soil and water pollution, this aspect under scrutiny and a special committee of the EAC has been asked to review this.

5. NO DETAILS OF THE ALLEGED PUBLIC HEARING- The PDD states that “the public hearing was held on 10-10-2007 at 11.00 AM at village Phata, Tehsil-Okhimat under the chairmanship of Sri Lalit Mohan Khal, nominated by the District Magistrate Rudraprayag” and that “Comments, views and objections, suggestions given by Project Affected People, general public and public representatives are recorded” (Page 39-40 of PDD). However, the CFF reported that no details of this public meeting ever reached the MoEF.

6. EXPLOSIVES USED IN THE NIGHT- The PDD states that “The blasting will be done using modern technology. Such technologies do not involve heavy

blasting. The blasting will be within a very controlled manner by use of series of detonators” Blasting by its very nature is meant to be explosive and no amount of technology can reduce what it is essentially ment to do and that is to blast and create vast holes. (Page 41 of PDD ). Yet as the CFF reported 300kg of explosives are used daily at the project site. It is usually done in the cover of the night. This disturbs the locals and scares away the fauna of the place.

7. THERE IS NO PROCEDURE MENTIONED TO MONITOR THE PROMISED 'ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,ENVIRONMENTAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL WELLBEING’. Despite all their claims the PDD does not outline any concrete plans, nor are such plans available in any other documentation. Over the last few years, since the beginning of the project there has been a systematic violation of Human Rights and the flouting of various environmental and forest laws. The human population living in the affected area are in the process losing their livelihood, culture and any security they derive from their natural resources.

We have annexed many supporting documents to indicate the extent of the problem and also as a counter to the feigned ignorance of the Project Developers to the huge problems being caused by them.

We urge the Board to look at the various violations of every possible safeguard and of the unwanted destruction of the river ecology and surrounding environment as well as the complete disregard of human costs and appeal and request that the Phata Byung Projects application for CDM credits be rejected.

Signatories to Appeal

Annexures

1. Part of Report to assess the status of Environment and Forest Clearances of Hydro Power projects on the River Mandakini (MEF study 0610.pdf)

2. Photograph from Phata-Byung showing impact of construction blasting and the landslides caused (Phata_byung_landslides.pdf3. Extracts of Letter written by Kedar Ghati Bachao Sangharsh Samiti regarding the Expert Committees visit (translated from Hindi)4. Letter to Min of Environment by Kedar Ghati Bachao Sangharsh Samiti regarding the Committee Visit and various objections and observations to lacunae in the process and disregard of people's voices (Hindi)

5. Letter to Prime Minister by Kedar Ghati Bachao Sangharsh Samiti regarding the Committee Visit and various objections and observations to lacunae in the process and disregard of people's voices (Hindi)

Vimal BhaiConvenorMatu Peoples' Organisation

Gangadhar Nautiyal PresidentKedarghat Bachao Sangharsh SamitiJanpad Rudraprayag (Uttarakhand)

6. Letter requesting the Prime Minister and other to stop the projects in the Pinder and Mandakini river due to Human Rights and environmental law violations. (Hindi)7. Letter from Matu Jan Sangathan regarding Phata Byung and Singoli Bhatwari and violation of various envirionmental clearances and social committements and comments on the Expert Committee's visits and lacunae in their process (Hindi)

ANNEXURE-4Extracts from the letter written by Kedar Ghati Bachao Sangharsh Samiti (KGBSS) to the Hon. Minister of Environment and Forests, Shri Jairam Ramesh, regarding the report submitted by the Ministry’s CFF. (translated from Hindi)

1. On the one hand the CFF report claims that the KGBSS is not cooperating with the investigation team. On the other hand the KGBSS has been kept in the dark regarding the arrival and programme of the team. (Para 2)

2. The CFF reports claim that all 7 gram panchayats that will be affected by the Phata-Byung project have given permission to the project. This is incorrect. Firstly, there are 10, not 7 gram panchayats in the affected area. Secondly, the matter was never discussed in the Gram Sabha (Village meeting), but the Gram Prashan (Village Head) was dictated a letter by the company and, without providing adequate information was made to stamp on the paper in the name of development. (Para 4)

3. The permission letter (Praman Patra) clearly show that all the permission letters were typed out before hand, the names of the villages scribbled on later and the Pradhan asked to stamp and sign. No information was provided to the people or even the Pradhan, who could have been convinced in a number of ways. This cannot be called the ‘will of the people’. (Para 4)

4. Even the details of the meetings with the Forest Council (Van Panchayat) were not revealed to the general public. The people found out about the company’s intentions to cut down trees after the company started felling trees in the vicinity of these villages. The villages stood together in opposition to the felling of trees. (Para 5)

5. In many cases, the trees were cut down without the permission of the Forest Council. A real travesty of law. (Para 5)

6. The report in Page 10 says that only villages far away from the project oppose the project as the employment generation from the project will not benefit these people. While all the villages near the project site support the project in view of its employment generation potential. This is incorrect. In fact, the village mentioned in the report as a case in point belongs to the Badasu gram panchayat. The villages in this panchayat- Badasu, Shersi and Tarsil are all against the projects. In the village of Tarsil, the people have kept a bhook hartal (vow not to eat in opposition of the project) to oppose the digging of tunnels under their villages. (Para 6)

7. The company has violated several laws and has not abided the agreement dated 17.11.2008. (Para 8)

8. During the blasts, cracks were noticed in several houses in nearby villages and the possibility of greater danger to locals was realised. Yet there is no rehabilitation plan with the company for the affected people. (Para 9)

9. The report claims that the KGBSS is not satisfied with the schemes of the District administration (Zila Parishad) which are providing employment to so many. However, the deputy District Officer clearly stated in a 30.06.2010 meeting that the company has no plan for generation of employment. The company, he said, was employing people in a certain village by letting off people from some other people which is leading to growing animositybetween people. (Para 10)

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Jheku t;jke je s” k th i;kZoj.k ,ao ou jkT; ea=h Lora= izHkkji;kZoj.k Hkou] lh-th-vks- dkWEiySDl] yks/kh jksM] fnYyh

Jh jkd s' k ukF kv/;{k ,ao lHkh lnL;i;kZoj.k vkdyu lfefr] i;kZoj.k ,ao ou ea=ky;

Jh ,y- d s- ck sd k fy;k TokaV Mk;jSDVjus'kuy jhoj datjos'ku Mk;jSDVksjsVo Jh ,- t SnhphQ datjosVj vkWQ QkjsLVl~jhtuy vWkfQl ¼lsaVªy½] y[kuÅ

l anH k Z %& QkVk&C;k a sx vk S j flxk s ay h&H kVokM +h e an k fduh unh tyfo| qr ifj;k stukvk s a dh i;k Zoj. k o ou Lohd ` fr ij tk ap lfefr dh fjik sZ V ij fVIi.k h Lohd ` fr;k s a dk Hk h my a? ku % ifj;k stuk; s a rRdky i z H k ko l s c an gk s

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eankfduh unh dh tyfo+|qr ifj;kstukvksa ij vuqJo.k lfefr Hkstus ds fy;s vkidks /kU;oknA vkidks ekVw tulaxBu o ns'k ds vU; tulaxBuks] ekU;ojks vkfn us 5 Qjojh 2010 jk"Vªh; xaxk unh ?kkVh izkf/kdj.k o i;kZoj.k ,ao ou ea=ky; dks eankfduh o fiaMj ij cka/kks dks jksdus ds dkj.k lfgr ,d i= Hkstk FkkA 28&4&10 dks Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh us=h lqJh o`ank djkr th ds lkFk dsnkj ?kkVh cpkvksa la?k"kZ lfefr ds yksx Jheku t;jke jes”k th] i;kZoj.k ,ao ou jkT; ea=h Lora= izHkkj dks muds dk;kZy; esa feys FksA ea=h th us blds ckn QkVk&C;kasx vkSj flxksayh&HkVokM+h eankfduh unh tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dh i;kZoj.k o ou Lohd`fr ij ,d ebZ 2010 esa ,d tkap lfefr eankfduh ?kkVh esa Hksth FkhA ftldh fjiksZV twu 2010 esa ea=ky; dh osc lkbZV ij izdkf'kr dh xbZA

i;kZoj.k ,ao ou ea=ky; }kjk Hksth xbZ bl lfefr ds lanHkZ es ge crkuk pkgrs gS fd lfefr us mBk;s eqíksa dks gYds <ax ls ysus dh dksf”k”k dh gS vkSj cka/k ds cqjs izHkkoksa dks ;k rks Lohdkj ugha fd;k gS ;k cgqr gYds <ax ls fy;k gS] fjiksZV esa cka/k ls O;fäxr vkfFkZd ykHk ysus okyksa ds i= yxk;s x;s ij vU; i=ksa dks ugha yxk;k x;k gSA

;gak ge fjiksZV ij viuh izfrfdz;k ns jgs gSa %&

• i;k Zoj.k , ao ou e a= ky; dh osc lkbZV ij miyC/k bl fjiksZV esa 2 o 4 ist ugha gSA • vaxszth esa fgUnh esa fy[kh dk;Zokgh dk iwjk lkj ugah fn;k x;k gSA

fjik s ZV d s i st vk Sj i Sj k d s vu qlkj fVIi.k h&

ftyk/ k h' k ] turk o f'kdk;rdrk Z l s ckrphr i st u-9

2-4 ¼1½ jkf= esa CykfLVxa dk vkns”k nsus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA LFkkuh; iz”kklu us dgrk gS ;k=k esa ijs”kkuh vk;sxh ;kfu dh CykfLVax ls leL;k gS ;s iz”kklu Lohdj djrk gSA fjiksZV esa ;g ckr vkuh pkfg;s FkhA¼2½ edku dh njkjksa dk eqvkotk nsuk gh leL;k dk lek/kku ugha gS vkus okys fdlh Hkh Hkwdai esa ;s edku xkao /kld ldrs gSa tSlk dh eusjh Hkkyh pj.k nks ls izHkkfor tked xkao] fo’.kq iz;kx ifj;kstuk ls izHkkfor pkabZ xkao /kld x;s gSaA fjiksZV esa ;g ckr vkuh pkfg;s FkhA¼3½ jkstxkj flQZ cka/k ls ugha gksrk gS LFkkuh; Lrj ij vusd jkstxkj [kM+s fd;s tk ldrs gSA fcuk izf”k{k.k fn;s vLFkk;h jkstxkj dksbZ gy ugah gSA jkT; ljdkj dh 70 izfr'kr jkstxkj nsus dh uhfr dk dgha Hkh ikyu ugha gqvk gSA ¼4½ isM+ksa dh dVkbZ vkfn ij ou foHkkx dh dksbZ fuxjkuh gh ugah gSA ¼5½ bu ifj;kstukvksa dks fujLr djuk blfy, Hkh t:jh gS pwafd blh rjg dh vU; ifj;kstukvksa ds vlj lkeus fn[k jgs gSa ftudh “kq:vkr ;gka fn[krh gSaA oks coknhZ ;gka ugah nksgjkbZ tkuh pkfg;sA ifj;kstukvksa ds ,d nwljs ij Hkh cqjs vlj gSA ftudk eankfduh unh ij v/;;u o vkdyu ugha gqvk gSA blh fjiksVZ esa cSdxzkmaM fo"k; esa tks eankfduh dk uD'kk ist u- 2 ij fn;k gS oks crkrk gS fd iwjh eankfduh unh ?kkVh cka/kksa ds nq’izHkkoksa ls izHkkfor gksus okyh gSA ftldk dksbZ cpko laHko ugah gSA dqN lko/kkfu;ak ;k fuxjkuh ls Hkh ?kkVh dks ugha cpk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d gh gy gS fd ifj;kstuk;sa can dh tk;sA LFkkuh; Lrj ij lkSj&iou] ?kjkV mtkZ dks c<+kok nsdj LFkk;h jkstxkj o fctyh dh t:jrksa dk LFkk;h gy fudkyk tk ldrk gSA cka/k ls jkstxkj vLFkk;h gSA cka/kks ds cqjs izHkko i;kZoj.k ij LFkk;h gS tks vkus okyh ih<+h;ksa ds fy, Hkh cqjs gksaxsA

i st 10 d s i S j k 3 e sa dgh xb Z ckr s xyr g S fd tks izHkkfor ugh gS oks gh fojks/k dj jgs gSA cka/kksa dk fojks/k lHkh xkaoksa esa gSA ;g ckr /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd ftu xkaoksa esa lqjax foLQksV] tyL=ksr lw[kuk] i;kZoj.k ij cqjs izHkko gks jgs gSa mUgsa cka/k izHkkfor ugah ekuk x;k gSA gka lgh gS dh FkksM+s Bsdsnkjksa vkSj muds lkFk ds yksxksa dks daiuh cka/k ds i{k esa [kM+k djrh gSA fjiksZV es fy[kuk dh tks izHkkfor ugh gS oks gh fojks/k dj jgs gS dguk yksxksa dks ckaVus dk vkSj fojks/k dks gYdk fn[kkus dk iz;kl gSA cka/kksa ls iwjh ?kkVh ij cqjk vlj iM+ jgk gSA ftls Nqikus ds fy, ,slk fy[kk x;k gSA cka/k fojksf/k;ksa ij vijkf/kd eqdíesa iz”kklu nk;j djuk dk iqjkuk rjhdk gSA os tu Hkkouk vkSj i;kZoj.k ds fgr ds fy, vkokt mBk jgs gSaA mUgh ds dkj.k ;g lfefr Hkh HksthA

3-0 i;k Zoj. k o ou Lohd ` fr;k s a dk vu qikyu dh fLF k fr i st 11

3-1 vktrd Hkh ifj;kstuk ds cqjs izHkkoksa dks yksxks ls Nqik;k x;k gSA i;kZoj.kh; tulquokbZ;ks esa Hkh izHkkforksa dks ifj;kstuk ds cqjs izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa ugh crk;k x;k FkkA

i st 12 QkVk&C;k s ax tyfo| qr ifj;k stuk¼1½ Nekgh fjiksZV esa CykfLVax dk rjhdk vkSj izfrfnu bLrseky djus dh ek=k ugha fy[kh xbZ gS blls lkQ tkfgj gksrk gS fd diauh us CykfLVax dh lPpkbZ o mlds izHkkoksa dks Nqik;k gSA ifj;kstuk izk;ksDrk ds dgus ek= dks lgh ugha ekuk tk;k pkfg;sA ¼2½ CAMPA iSlk rd ugha fn;k x;k gSA ¼3½ i;kZoj.k tulquokbZ esa mBkbZ xbZ ekaxksa ij uk dk;Zokgh gqbZ gSaA Nekgh fjiksZV esa bls Hkh Nqik;k x;k gSA¼4½ vHkh rd tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k o izca/k ;kstuk nkf[ky ugha dh gS¼5½ fjiksZV esa dgk tk jgk gS fd ed o vU; osLV vkfn Mkyus dh “krsZ iwjh rjg ugha ekuh xbZ gSA ¼6½ erL; ikyu o izac/k dh foLr`r ;kstuk vHkh ugh nkf[ky dh xbZ gSA ;kfu “krZ ugha ekuh xbZA

¼7½cka/k fuxjkuh ds [kkl le; ij “kksj dj fn;k tkrk gS ,slk vU; ifj;kstukvksa esa Hkh gS oSlk gh ;gka gksrk gSA unh ds cgko dh lqfuf”prrk Hkh ugha gS

3 -2 -2 ou Lohd ` fr dk ikyu i st 14ou Lohd`fr dk ikyu Hkh ugha gks jgk gS iSlk gh ugah fn;k x;k gS ou foHkkx dksA cu LIfr o tho tUrqvksa ij vlj lkeus gh fn[krk gSA ou foHkkx us bl ij dksbZ fuxjkuh ugah dh gS bl ij dksbZ fjiksZV Hkh ugah gS blfy, DFO dSls dg ldrs gSa fd dksbZ vlj ugah gksxkA ;g rF; vk/kkjghu gS

3 -3 flxk s ay h&H kVokM +h tyfo| qr ifj;k stuk i st 173-3-1 vaxszth esa cuk;s x;s EIA-EMP ds dkxtkrksa dh tkudkjh yksxksa dks vkt rd ugha gSA i;kZoj.k Lohd`fr i= rd yksxksa dks ugha feyk FkkA ftlls ifj;kstuk ds izHkkoksa nq’izHkkoksa fu;edk;nksa dh tkudkjh Hkh yksxksa dks ugha fey ikbZ gSA

¼1½ dsEik dk QaM vHkh rd ugha fn;k x;k gSA ¼2½ ;g ljklj xyr gS fd ifj;kstuk ls ek=k 112 ifjokj izHkkfor gks jgs gSaA lgh fLFkfr ;g gS fd ifj;kstuk dh lqqjax] cka/k o fctyh?kj ds fuekZ.k dk;Z ls iwjk {ks= izHkkfor gks jgk gSSA pwafd unh ij cka/k ds ckn cka/k gS blfy, iwjh eankfduh ?kkVh gh cka/k ls izHkkfor gSA fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk esa U;wure ty izokg dh “krZ dk ikyu ugah gksrk gSA mRrjk[k.M lfgr lHkh igkM+h jkT;ksa ds vuqHko ;gh crkrs gSaA cka/k diauh dk unh esa U;wure izokg dh “krZ ekuus dk vk”oklu Hkjksls yk;d ugah gSA vU; 'krksZ dk Hkh ikyu lgh ugh gqvk gSA ifj;kstuk izk;ksDrk us i;kZoj.k “krksZa ij fjiksZV rd QkbZy ugha dh gS blfy, lfefr mudk vuqikyu ugha ns[k ikbZA ,slk lfefr dh fjiksZV dgrh gSA lfefr ls ;g cka/k daiuh us Nqik;k gSA

& bl n’Vªh ls Hkh ifj;kstuk;sa rRdky can gksuh pkfg;sA& 10 izfr”kr U;wure izokg vk/kkj ghu gSA fdlh Hkh unh ty NksM+us dk vk/kkj LFkkuh; yksxksa dh] ifjfLFkdh] tho&tUrq] ouLifr o i;kZoj.k dh t:jrksa ds vk/kkj ij r; gksuk pkfg;sA

fu'd"kZ o flQkfj”ksa ju vkWQ n jhoj ifj;kstukvksa dks fjiksZV esa i;kZoj.k fgrS’kh o cgqr de foLFkkiu dk dgk x;k gSA fdUrq ;s rdZ nsdj ,d gh unh ij fuekZ.kk/khu ,d ds ckn ,d cka/kksa ls unh dks lekIr fd;k tk jgk gSA bu cka/kksa ls taxyksa ij cqjk vlj gksrk gS lkFk esa tks NksVs tyk”k; curs gS muesa Hkh xzhu gkml xSlksa dk mRltZu gksrk gSA {ks=h; i;kZoj.k ij cqjk vlj gksrk gS tks lgh ugah fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu ifj;kstukvksa ds izHkkoksa ij vkidks ekVw tulaxBu us vkidks ¼i;kZoj.k ,ao ou jkT; ea=h Lora= izHkkj½ 5-8-09 dks ,d i= Hkh Hkstk Fkk tks fd lkFk esa l ayXu g SAlHkh flQkfj”ksa ogha gS tks T;knkrj vU; cka/kksa dh i;kZoj.k&ou Lohd`fr;ksa esa gksrh gS ftu ij dHkh /;ku ugha fn;k tkrk gSA i;kZoj.k o ou ea=ky; ds {ks=h; dk;kZy; }kjk T;knkrj ifj;kstukvksa esa izk;ksDrkvksa dh Nekgh fjiksZV dks gh ifj;kstuk dh fuxjkuh djuk eku fy;k tkrk gSA QkVk&C;kasx o flaxksyh&HkVokM+h ifj;kstukvksa esa Nekgh fjiksZV Hkh ugha nkf[ky dh xbZ gSA

nk su k s a gh ifj;k stukvk s a dh i;k Zoj. k Lohd ` fr;k s a dk ikyu lgh ugh a g qvk g S ;g fjik sZ V e s a Li’V :i l s fy[kk g SA i;k Zoj. k , ao ou e a= ky; dk s bl vk/ k kj ij bu ifj;k stukvk s a dk s dh i;k Zoj.k ou Lohd ` fr;k a jí dju s dk nkf;Ro vkrk g SA

ck a/ k d s lkF k c sj k stxkj h %& fjiksZV esa txg&txg cka/k ds lkFk csjkstxkjh dk iz'u mBk x;k gSA ftldks cka/k cukus dk egRoiw.kZ dkj.k dgk tk jgk gSA cka/k daifu;ak bl rjg ls cka/k ds i{k esa ekgkSy fn[kkrh gSA fdUrq ge ;s tkurs gS fd

&tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ls fdruk jkstxkj c<+k gS\ &og fdruk LFkk;h Fkk\ &fdruk LFkk;h o vU; jkstxkj bu ifj;kstukvks ds dkj.k lekIr gqvk\ bu i z”uk s a ij n s' k e s a dk sb Z v/;;u ugh g SA

;g vcrd cus cka/kks ds xSjljdkjh vuqHko ;gh crkrs gS fd cka/kks ls uk rks LFkk;h jkstxkj gks ik;k gS oju~ LFkk;h jkstxkj ds lk/kuksa ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+k gSA ;g fl) rF; gS fd cka/k LFkk;h jkstxkj ds lk/ku ugh gSA cfYd lHkh tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa esa LFkkuh; izHkkfor vkt Hkh jkstxkj ds fy;s la?kZ"kjr gSA

vU; egRoi w. k Z rF;

• ck a/ k k s a dh i;k Zoj. k h; tulquokb Z; ak gh / k k s[ k k jgh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -flaxksyh&HkVokM+h o QkVk&C;wax ty&fo|qr ifj;kstuk dh i;kZoj.kh; tu lquokbZ;ka gqbZ mlesa Hkh cka/k ds izHkko D;k gksaxs bldk [kqyklk ugh gqvk tks vkt rd Hkh ugh fd;k x;kA u rks yksxks dks ;s irk Fkk fd iz;kZoj.k izHkko vkadyu fjiksVZ o izca/k ;kstuk ¼bZ vkbZ ,½ tSls dksbZ dkxtkr gksrs gS ftu ij tu lquokbZ fd tkrh gSA u gh bl rjg ds dkxtkr yksxks dks miyC/k djk;s x;sA bu dkxtkrksa esa ifj;kstuk lacU/kh lEiw.kZ tkudkjh gksrh gS ftlesa tu&thou] taxy] /kwy] ok;q&iznw"k.k] tho&tarqvksa] unh ?kkVh vkfn ij izHkkoksa dk v/;;u “kkfey gksrk gSA bu fjiksVksZ esa ifj;kstuk izHkkoksa ds izca/ku o iquokZl ij izLrkfor [kpZ dk C;kSjk Hkh gksrk gSA ;g yksxks dks iwjh rjg va/ksjs esa j[kdj fdlh rjg ek= ifj;kstuk dks vkxs c<+kus ds iz;kl gSA

• ifj.k ke lkeu s- - - - - - - - -izHkkfor {ks= ds yksx fodkl fojks/kh gksus dk bYtke lgdj] iz'kklu dk neu lgdj] viuk nSfud thou dk;Z NksM+dj fBBqjrh lnhZ esa Hkh cjkcj fojks/k dj jgs gSA blds flok muds ikl dksbZ pkjk ugh gSA

• ; s lc cM +s ck a/ k g S - - - - - - - - - -jk’Vªh; o varjk’Vªh; ekudks ds vuqlkj 15 ehVj ls Åapk cka/k cM+s&cka/k dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA eankfduh o fiMaj ij izLrkfor ifj;kstuk;sa Hkh ,d cM+s cka/kksa dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSA jkT; ljdkj us cM+s cak/kks ij jksd dh ckr dgh gSA xksis”oj esa tuojh 2008 esa iwoZ eq[;ea=h th dk Hkh ;gh C;ku FkkA rRdkyhu i;ZVu ,ao lalnh; dk;Zea=h th us 18 Qjojh 2008 dks C;ku fn;k fd Hkfo’; esa xaxk dks lqjaxks esa Mkyus ls ijgst djsaxs vkSj cM+s cka/kks dk mudk Hkh fojks/k gSA fdUrq jkT; ljdkj dh cM+s cka/kks dh uhfr esa dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu ugh vk;k gSA

• H k wdEix zLr {k s= - - - - - - - - -eq[; dsUnzh; Hkza'k ds dkj.k #nziz;kx ftys esa Hkwdai vkrs jgrs gSA ;gak dh HkkSxksfyd ,oa HkwxHkhZ; fLFkfr HkwdEi dh nf"V ls Hkh vR;Ur lEosnu'khy gS ;s {ks= HkwdEi {ks=ksa esa tksu&5 esa vkrk gSA 1803 ds cnjhukFk HkwdEi us bl {ks= ds 75&80 izfr'kr xkaoksa dks u"V dj fn;k FkkA 1999 ds peksyh HkwdEi ls bl {ks= esa O;kid fouk'k gqvk Fkk vkSj vusd xkao rckg gks x, FksA bu HkwdEiksa ds dkj.k ;g {ks= vR;Ur ttZj gks x;k gSA {ks= esa NksVs HkwdEiksa dk flyflyk yxkrkj tkjh gSA 1961 esa MM~ok xkao] 1979 esa dksaFkk] 1986 esa t[okM+h&flj~okMh] 1998 esa HksVh&cq#ok vkSj ikSaMkj dk vfLrRo feV tkus ds lkFk gh en~egs'oj&dkyheB {ks= ds 26 xkaoksa esa Hkh"k.k foUkk'k( 2001 esa QkVk&C;awx xkM] 2005 esa fot;uxj&vxLR;equh esa gqbZ O;kid {kfr blds mnkgj.k gSaaA

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