object-oriented systems analysis review. name & describe one information systems development...
TRANSCRIPT
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Object-Oriented
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Review
Object-Oriented
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Review
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Name & describe one
Information Systems
Development Methodology
(there are at least four)
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1. What is abstraction?
2. How does it
contribute to software
development?
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• AbstractionA mental ability that permits people to view real-world
problem domains with varying degrees of detail depending on the current context of the problem.
• Helps people to think about what they are doing• Functional and Data abstraction
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1. What is encapsulation?
2. How does it contribute
to software development?
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• Encapsulation (Information Hiding)
A technique in which data are packaged
together with their corresponding procedures.
cakeIngredients
Directions
2 eggs 4 cups flour1 cup milk 1 cup sugaretc.......
Pre-heat oven to 350; Putmilk, eggs, and sugarin 2 quart mixing bowl...
In Object-Oriented Technology the “package” is called an OBJECT
The interface to each object is defined in such a way as to reveal as little as
possible about its inner workings
Encapsulation allows [software] changes to be reliably made with limited effort
[Gannon, Hamlet, & Mills, 1987]
One cake please!
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1. What is inheritance?
2. How does it contribute
to software development?
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• InheritanceA mechanism for expressing similarity
between things thus simplifying their
definition.
• looks• behavior• attitudes• etc...
Person
Student Faculty Staff
Inheritance
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Explain the purpose of
Message Communication
in object-oriented software
development.
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• Message Communication
OBJECT
OBJECT
OBJECT
OBJECT
Objects communicate via messages
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1. What is polymorphism?
2. How does it contribute
to software development?
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• Polymorphism (“many forms”)
The ability to hide different implementations
behind a common interface.
The ability for two or more objects to respond
to the same request, each in its own way.
H O = water, ice, steam (liquid, solid, vapor)
Eating
2
versusDoor
#1Door
#2Door
#3
Door#1#2#3
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• Polymorphism Two examples
PRINT0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
North
Sout
h
East
Wes
t
B L U E S K Y A I R L I N E SSales ReportJanuary
B L U E S K Y A I R L I N E SSales ReportFebruary
TEXT object
GRAPH object
IMAGE object
Object #1 PO object
Account object
Department object
Object #2
Object #3
Add
Add
Add
= add a line item to the PO
= increase $ Amount Balance
= hire a new employee
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Objects and their characteristics
Wholes and Parts
Groups (Classes) and Members
* Common methods of organization
Classification Theory*
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• Common Methods of Organization
People are accustomed to thinking in terms
of...
• color• price• weight• engine• options...
Objects & Attributes
• number of doors• number of wheels• number of windows• number of lights• number of bolt type 1• number of bolt type 2• etc....
Wholes and PartsGroups & Members
VANS:• light utility• utility• passenger• etc...
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• Reuse
Varying Degrees of Reuse:
• complete or sharing
• copy, purchase or cloning
• partial or adjusting
• none
The ability to reuse objects
Software:• “Chips”• Components• Controls• Models
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What are the three (3)
classic software
development problems?
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VVVVVVVVVVVV
Colorado River
North Rim of theGrand Canyon
South Rim of theGrand Canyon
Classic Software Development Problem #1:Multiple Models
DataModels
FunctionModels
SystemSystemBehaviorBehavior
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VVVVVVVVVVVV
Colorado River
North Rim of theGrand Canyon
South Rim of theGrand Canyon
Classic Software Development Problem #2:Model Transformation
DesignModels
AnalysisModels
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Classic Software Development Problem #3:Maintaining Source Code
Begin “Caller” Program Init x,y,z... Open (files/database) Read... Compute...
DO “Callee” with x,y,z
Update (files/database) Close (files/database) End Main Program
Procedure Callee Parameters x,y,z Compute... End Procedure
End Program
Spaghetti?
Who wrotethis code?
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SOLUTION
Colorado River
ObjectTechnology
INTEGRATED MODEL(S)(function, data, behavior)
(analysis, design and implementation)
ROUND-TRIPENGINEERING
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Define an OBJECT
Define a Class and Class with Objects
Describe a Gen-Spec Class Connection
Describe a Whole-Part Obj. Connection
Describe Object Connection Constraints
Object-Oriented ANALYSIS ReviewObject-Oriented ANALYSIS Review
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Define an Attribute
Name & Describe one Attribute type
What is an Event?
What is a Service?
Name & Describe a “Basic” Service
Describe a “Problem Domain” Service
Name & Describe one tool used to
express the details of a Service
Object-Oriented ANALYSIS ReviewObject-Oriented ANALYSIS Review
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Coad’s Object Model Components
Problem DomainHuman Interaction
Data Management System Interaction
Information System
These four (4) components help promote the notion of Separation of Concerns in
software development.
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Coad’s Object Model Notation
class-with-objects
model component
class
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Coad’s Object Model Notation
MembermemberNumberfirstNamelastNametelephoneaddresscityetc...
checkOutVideocheckInVideobuyItemetc...
attributes
services
{{
Expanded view
of a class or
class-with-objects
into its three
sections:
top: Class Name
middle: Attributes
bottom: Services
Class Name
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Coad’s Object Model Notation
object connection
nn
generalization-specializationconnection
whole-partobject connection
n-n
1
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Inventory
StoreLocationEmployee
Member
SalesTransaction RentalTransaction Vendor
PurchaseOrder
Transaction
ConcessionItemVideo Game VCR
SaleItem RentalItem
1-n
1
1-n
1n
0-1
n n
1 n
1
11-n
POLineItem1
1
1-n
SaleRentalLineItem1
1-n 1-n
1
Video Store - Problem Domain (PD) Object Model
Note: For simplification purposes, the attribute and service sections of classes and class-with-objects have been omitted from the figure.
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PD Object Model with Attributes & Services
Inventory
ConcessionItemVideo Game
SaleItem RentalItem
1-n 1-nbarCodeNumberdescriptionqtyOnHandpricecosttaxCode
orderInventoryinquireAboutAvailableInventoryaddNewInventoryItemchangeInventoryItemInformationdelete/RemoveInventoryItemupdateQuantity-On-Order
quantitySoldqtyOnHand
updateQuantitySoldupdateInventoryQty-On-Hand
timesRenteddueDatememberNumber
updateRentalInformation
VCR
1 of 3
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Member
SalesTransaction RentalTransaction
Transaction
1
1n
0-1n
n
1
PD Object Model with Attributes & Services
transactionNumberemployeeNumbertransactionDatetransactionTime
payForTransaction
quantitySoldpurchaseForSaleItems
memberNumberrentAnItemchecking-inRentalItem
memberNumber creditCardNumbermemberName creditCardExpireDatememeberAddress depositAmountmemberCity overdueAmountmemberStatememberZipcodememberPhone
acquireMembershipverifyMembershipupdateCreditCardInformationupdateMembershipInformationcancelMembershipupdateOverdueAmountdetermineIfDelinquent
EmployeeemployeeNumberemployeeNameemployeePhonepositionCode
updateEmployeeInformation
1
SaleRentalLineItemtransactionNumberbarCodeNumberpricesalesTax
1-n1-n
11
2 of 3
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PD Object Model with Attributes & Services
StoreLocation
Vendor
PurchaseOrder
1
n
1
storeNumberaddresscitystatezipcodetelephone
provideStoreInformation
vendorNumbervendorNamevendorAddressvendorCityvendorStatevendorZipcodevendorPhonevendorFaxNumber
addNewVendorInformationchangeVendorInformationdeleteVendorprovideVendorInformation
purchaseOrderNumberpurchaseOrderDatepurchaseOrderDueDatepurchaseOrderCancelDatevendorNumber
createNewPurchaseOrderdeleteExistingPurchaseOrder
1-n
POLineItempurchaseOrderNumberbarCodeNumberquantityOrdereditemCost
1
1-n
3 of 3
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End of
O-O Systems Analysis
Review
QUITTING TIME