object oriented programming(slides)

8/6/2019 Object Oriented Programming(Slides)

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OBJECT ORIENTEDOBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMINGPROGRAMMING

Presentation ByPresentation ByAkash KhaitanAkash Khaitan

08DDCS54708DDCS547


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

It is a new way of organizing and developing programs and hasIt is a new way of organizing and developing programs and hasnothing to do with any particular languagenothing to do with any particular language

Object oriented programming allows us to decompose a problemObject oriented programming allows us to decompose a probleminto a number of entities called objects and then build data andinto a number of entities called objects and then build data and

functionsfunctions

It creates partitioned memory area for both data andIt creates partitioned memory area for both data and

functions that can be used as templates for creatingfunctions that can be used as templates for creating

copies of such modules on demand.copies of such modules on demand.

Languages that support OOP features include C++, Object Pascal,Languages that support OOP features include C++, Object Pascal,

Ada, JavaAda, Java


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Classes And ObjectsClasses And Objects

Classes are the basic building unit in the object orientedClasses are the basic building unit in the object orientedprogramming concept that is all the required functions of aprogramming concept that is all the required functions of aparticular class type are defined in the class, which can beparticular class type are defined in the class, which can beaccessed later according to the programmers need.accessed later according to the programmers need.

A object is instance of class that contains all the properties ofA object is instance of class that contains all the properties ofclass.class.

To access a particular member function/method of a particularTo access a particular member function/method of a particularclass, dot operator is used.class, dot operator is used.

A class may be thought as a data type and an object as aA class may be thought as a data type and an object as avariable of that data type.variable of that data type.

Once a class is defined, we can create any number ofOnce a class is defined, we can create any number ofobjects belonging to same class.objects belonging to same class.


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ABSTRACTION &ABSTRACTION &

ENCAPSULATIONENCAPSULATION The concept of abstraction and encapsulation relates to the idea ofThe concept of abstraction and encapsulation relates to the idea of

hiding data that are not needed for the presentationhiding data that are not needed for the presentation

This provides some of the declarations which decides theThis provides some of the declarations which decides theavailability of data members of a class by other classesavailability of data members of a class by other classes

In OOP, information hiding reduces software development risk byIn OOP, information hiding reduces software development risk byshifting the code's dependency on an uncertain implementationshifting the code's dependency on an uncertain implementationonto a wellonto a well--defined interfacedefined interface

An example of this concept can be seen in the case of bankAn example of this concept can be seen in the case of bankaccounts , orkut etcaccounts , orkut etc


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POLYMORPHISMPOLYMORPHISM

Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one formPolymorphism means the ability to take more than one form

It provides a special facility that is same function can be calledIt provides a special facility that is same function can be calledfor different purpose depending on the number and type offor different purpose depending on the number and type ofargumentargument

It is type of a function overloadingIt is type of a function overloading

It can be said under a common name required number ofIt can be said under a common name required number ofoperations can be performed depending on parameters passedoperations can be performed depending on parameters passed

ExEx--Two differ shapes will be drawn under a common function butTwo differ shapes will be drawn under a common function but

different parametersdifferent parameters

RectangleRectangle CircleCircle

draw(x,y);draw(x,y); draw(x);draw(x);


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INHERITANCEINHERITANCE

Inheritance is the concept of a child class automatically inheriting theInheritance is the concept of a child class automatically inheriting thevariables and methods defined in its parent classvariables and methods defined in its parent class

A child class is also called sub class (which inherits)A child class is also called sub class (which inherits)

A parent class is also called super class (which is inherited)A parent class is also called super class (which is inherited)

It makes all the functions and variables of parent class available to subIt makes all the functions and variables of parent class available to subclass i.e all the functions of parent class can be called directly by sub classclass i.e all the functions of parent class can be called directly by sub class

Types of inheritance are:Types of inheritance are:

Single class inheritanceSingle class inheritance Multilevel inheritanceMultilevel inheritance

Multiple InheritanceMultiple Inheritance Hierarchical InheritanceHierarchical Inheritance

Hybrid InheritanceHybrid Inheritance


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Application of OOPApplication of OOP

RealReal--time systemstime systems

Stimulation and modelingStimulation and modeling

ObjectObject--oriented databasesoriented databases

Hypertext, hypermedia and expertextHypertext, hypermedia and expertext

AI and expert systemsAI and expert systems

Neutral networks and parallel programmingNeutral networks and parallel programming

Decision support and office automation systemsDecision support and office automation systems

CIM/CAD/CAD systemCIM/CAD/CAD system


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ConclusionConclusion

This report on Object oriented programming has let meThis report on Object oriented programming has let me

conclude that Object oriented is one of the most importantconclude that Object oriented is one of the most important

concept in the programming which helps the programmer toconcept in the programming which helps the programmer to

program more effectively and efficiently. The main feature isprogram more effectively and efficiently. The main feature is

the flexibility of classes and objects which saves programmersthe flexibility of classes and objects which saves programmers

time. It provides some of the features like data abstraction,time. It provides some of the features like data abstraction,

encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance which has made itencapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance which has made it

possible for the object oriented programming concept to bepossible for the object oriented programming concept to be

used in the real world situations.used in the real world situations.

So to be an effective programmer one must go through theSo to be an effective programmer one must go through the

concept of Object oriented programming thoroughly.concept of Object oriented programming thoroughly.

object oriented programming(slides)

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