obesity in children in trinidad and tobago
DESCRIPTION
Health promotion perspectiveTRANSCRIPT
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OBESITY IN CHILDREN IN TRINIDAD
Presented by: Anuradha Boodoo-
Balliram
Natherly Ferguson
Shomuela Griffith
Terry Lawrence
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WHAT IS OBESITY?
•Overweight and Obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. (WHO, 2013)
•Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/ or increased health problems.
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•Childhood obesity is a serious medical
condition that affects children and
adolescents. It occurs when a child is well
above the normal weight for his or her
age and height
WHAT IS CHILDHOOD OBESITY?
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STATISTICS (children ages 3-12)
•In Trinidad and Tobago, research has shown that a
quarter (25%) of school-aged children (5 – 18years)
is overweight or obese.
•One in four children is overweight. One third of our
children so far have a cholesterol level over 200.
(WHO 2013)
•This country is the fifth fattest nation in the world, according to a recent report from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
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•According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2010 figures, about 43 million children under age five are overweight.
•According to research done in 2009/2011 by the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute
• 23% of primary school children in Trinidad and Tobago were overweight/obese
• 25% of students at secondary school were overweight/obese
• 14% of the children in secondary schools had been underweight.
• In the last ten years in this country, obesity levels have tripled.
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DETERMINANTS
•Lifestyle
•Working moms
•Availability of fast food
•Technology
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•Genetics• Inherited genes
•Hormonal causes
Determinants
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Determinants
•Importation of Culture
•Foreign cable advertisements
and T.V shows
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EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY
•Physiological: ( Type II diabetes, high
blood pressure, sleep apnea…)
•Psychological: (low self-esteem,
social discrimination…)
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PRIMARY PREVENTION METHODS
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Primary prevention is an action designed to prevent/reduce probability of disease occurring.
Methods:• Teaching: Nurses should educate
parents, children on healthy life styles.
• Physical education : enforced in schools.
“School children stay inside and play games instead of participating in P.E activities.”
(Fuad Khan,2011)
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Practice Recommendations
Nurses promote healthy eating and physical activity throughout the lifecycle but beginning at an early age by educating parents , importantly if parents are obese putting emphasis on Childhood obesity, associated health risks, ( chronic and acute) risk and protective factors
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Nurses promote healthy eating using Food Guide to Healthy Eating and focus on:
•Using age-appropriate portion sizes;
• Emphasizing fruits and vegetables;
• Limiting sugar containing beverages (e.g., soft drinks and fruit juices);
• Limiting consumption of energy-dense snack foods high in sugar and fat (e.g. potato chips, french fries, candy)
• Breakfast consumption
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Nurses promote increased physical activity based on Guides for Children and Youth using interventions with one or more of the following components:
• Behaviour modification.•
• Leisure activity of low intensity that is gradually increased to recommended levels.
• Sustained, repeated interventions.
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Nurses promote a decrease in sedentary activities with emphasis on reducing the amount of time clients spend watching TV, playing video games, and engaging in recreational computer use.
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Secondary Prevention Methods
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Secondary prevention aims to halt or slow the progress of disease (if possible) in its earliest stages.
Methods:
• Height/Weight (BMI), Blood Sugar, Cholesterol and Blood Pressure screening for children – (available at Community health Center).
• Children at Childhood Healthy Lifestyle Clinic (Wendy Fitzwilliams Paediatric Hospital) screened.
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Nurses work with school communities to implement school-based strategies for the prevention of obesity using a multi-component approach including:
• Integrating healthy lifestyle messages into curriculum
• Advocating for and supporting the implementation of quality daily physical
• Education taught by specialist physical education teachers;
Practice Reommendations
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• Advocating for and supporting the implementation of quality daily physical activity (including vigorous physical activity)
• Using youth driven approaches with an information and advocacy component.
• Offering healthy choices in cafeterias and vending machines;
• Increasing physical activity opportunities at recess and during lunch breaks
• Forming community partnerships and coalitions.
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•Nurses support a family-centred approach to promote healthy eating and physical activity.
•Nurses assess physical growth and development of children and adolescents which includes:
•Discussing and documenting basic dietary patterns
•Discussing and documenting physical activity patterns including sedentary activity (e.g., television and computer time)
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• Identifying individual and family risk factors for childhood obesity
• Accurately measuring and recording height and weight
• Calculating Body Mass Index (BMI) for children two years of age and older
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TERTIARY PREVENTION METHODS
Tertiary prevention aims to prevent further physical deterioration and maximize quality of life.
Methods:
• The Ministry of Health conducted a Childhood Healthy Lifestyle Camp, 'The Wee Fit Camp' at Mount Hope Hospital.
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About The WEE FIT CAMP
• Participants in the Wee Fit Camp are currently enrolled in the Childhood Healthy Lifestyle Clinic at the Wendy Fitzwilliams Paediatric Hospital.
• Camp held for (50) children aged 7-12 years old from primary schools in St. George East County.
• Children are screened and assessed as overweight or obese by school nurses of the St. George East County
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WeeFit Camp is geared towards promoting healthy lifestyles . The objectives of the camp were:
• Promote healthy nutrition by focusing on
making healthy food choices, using correct portion
sizes, and eating fruit and vegetables daily.
• Promote active lifestyles through the use of
fun, and physical activities.
• Promote and improve self confidence and self
esteem in the children.
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