obesity health conditions. do now answer the following questions on your note page. does america...
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Do Now
Answer the following questions on your note page.
Does America have an obesity problem? Is it an epidemic?
What percentage US adults do you think are overweight, obese or severely obese?
Obesity Facts - What is your reaction?
Obesity is the 2nd leading cause of preventable death after smoking
About 69% of adults in the US are overweight or obese(2012)
About 35.1% are obese (2012)
About 18.4% of adolescents are obese (2010)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2007
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2009
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2010
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2011
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to prevalence estimates before 2011.
15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%
CA
MT
ID
NVUT
AZNM
WY
WA
OR
CO
NE
ND
SD
TX
OK
KS
IA
MN
AR
MO
LA
MI
IN
KY
ILOH
TN
MS AL
WI
PA
WV
SC
VA
NC
GA
FL
NY
VT
ME
HI
AK
PRGUAM
NH
MARI
CTNJ
DEMD
DC
15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2012
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to prevalence estimates before 2011.
CA
MT
ID
NVUT
AZNM
WY
WA
OR
CO
NE
ND
SD
TX
OK
KS
IA
MN
AR
MO
LA
MI
IN
KY
ILOH
TN
MS AL
WI
PA
WV
SC
VA
NC
GA
FL
NY
VT
ME
HI
AK
NH
MARI
CTNJ
DEMD
DC
PRGUAM
15%–<20% 20%–<25% 25%–<30% 30%–<35% ≥35%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2013
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to prevalence estimates before 2011.
CA
MT
ID
NVUT
AZNM
WY
WA
OR
CO
NE
ND
SD
TX
OK
KS
IA
MN
AR
MO
LA
MI
IN
KY
ILOH
TN
MS AL
WI
PA
WV
SC
VA
NC
GA
FL
NY
VT
ME
HI
AK
NH
MARI
CTNJ
DEMD
DC
PRGUAM
Overweight? Obese? Morbidly Obese?
Defined simply as too much body fatSimply classified using BMIWhy BMI?
Using BMI
Body Mass Index= (Weight in pounds/Height in inches2) x 703Quick assessment of a person’s weight
relative to their heightCan be misleading for some…Used to determine if a person is overweight,
obese or severely (morbidly) obese
Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity
Defined simply as too much body fatFor Adults (19+):
Overweight= BMI 25 to 29.9Obesity Class 1= BMI 30 to 34.9Obesity Class 2= BMI 35 to 39.9Severe Obesity Class 3= BMI 40+
Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity
For children and adolescents:The American Obesity Association uses
percentiles of BMI to determine classification85th percentile of BMI for overweight and the
95th percentile for obesity. Obesity problems are likely to persist into
adulthood
Causes of Obesity
What are some causes of obesity?Modifiable causes:
EnvironmentBehavior
Non-Changeable cause:Genetics
Effects of Obesity
Both Body and Mind are affectedAt higher BMIs, there is found to be
greater risk for:HypertensionHeart DiseaseType 2 DiabetesCancer
BreastEsophagusColorectal
Effects of Obesity
ArthritisBreathing Problems
AsthmaSleep Apnea
Problems in pregnancy*Psychosocial Effects & Stigma
Relationship Between Media & Weight Issues
Over half of Americans are overweight.Media encourages what?What is the real healthy option?
Do Now
Page 3 of NotesMake a list of weight loss/ management
recommendations. Separate the ones you believe to be healthy recommendations.
Calorie Facts
1 pound= Whopper= An Orange= 140 lbs person running 6mph
for 30 minutes= 319 calories outCalories in + Calories out= Net calories-500 net calories/day = -1 lb/weekShouldn’t lose more than 2 lbs/week
3500 calories 670 calories in
60 calories in
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Overall
Recognize your unique body.Have realistic, healthy expectations
Make health a lifestyle.
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Healthy Eating
Identify the problem in your eating habits.High-calorie snacking, mood-related eating,
weekend lapsesStart a food diary.
Eliminate temptation.Eat breakfast and don’t skip meals.
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Healthy Eating
Eat small portions more often rather than few big meals.
Eat slowly.Eat a well balanced diet.Drink lots of water.
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Exercise
Make exercise a priority.Be consistent with exercise.
30 minutes most days of the week60 minutes most days for weight loss
Determine what exercise you like.
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations… Exercise
Keep things interesting and challenge yourself.
Be accountable.Get a partnerLet people know
Combine Cardio and Strength TrainingListen to your body.
Healthy Weight Management Recommendations
Have a healthy outlook.Showing up and/or startingLaw of attraction
The Other Extreme
Anorexia NervosaCharacterized by low body weight and distorted
self image
Bulimia NervosaCharacterized by periods of splurging and then
purging
Cardiovascular DiseaseA class of diseases that involve the heart
and/or blood vesselsUsually refers to atherosclerosis or
coronary artery diseaseAtherosclerosis- disease affecting arterial
blood vessels. Hardening of arteries caused by formation of plaques within arteries
Terminology
Angina- chest pain due to ischemiaIschemia- lack of blood flow and therefore
oxygen supplyMyocardium- muscle tissue of the heartMyocardial Infarction- heart attack
Family HistoryAge- men 45+, women 55+Gender- men at greater riskSmoking- current or quit w/in 6 monthsHypertension - High Blood PressureHypercholesterolemia - High Cholesterol Diabetes or High Blood SugarSedentary Lifestyle
Risk Factors
Modifiable?
Put an X next to the risk factors that can be modified in order to prevent cardiovascular disease
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance made naturally in our bodies. We need cholesterol because it helps to form or repair cell membranes, some hormones, vitamin D and other tissues.
Where does it come from?
The two sources of cholesterol are the
1. Liver
2. Food
The body produces 80% of the cholesterol it needs.
The cholesterol in our blood is manufactured by the liver in our bodies. The remaining 20% comes from the food we eat.
Heart Attack Questions
What is the main function of the heart? Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled
growths called _________________. What causes the natural, regular beating of the human
heart? What forms around the ruptured membranes of
plaques during a heart attack? During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and
eventually die due to a lack of ________________. How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated?
What is the main function of the heart? Pump oxygenated blood around the body delivering it to tissues
Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled growths called _________________.
Plaques
What causes the natural, regular beating of the human heart?
Electrical wave
What forms around the ruptured membranes of plaques during a heart attack?
Blood clots
During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and eventually die due to a lack of ________________.
oxygen
How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated? As quickly as possible, within 20 mins.
Coming Up
Quiz next classnone
Next ClassHeart Attack ReviewHeart Attack
SymptomsHeart Attack
Immediate Care and Treatment
Heart Attack Symptoms
Onset is usually gradual, over several minutesChest painPain radiating to the left armPain in lower jaw, neck, back, abdomenShortness of breathSweating, weakness, nausea*1/3 of heart attacks are silent w/ no symptoms
Immediate Care
Call for helpOpen window and loosen collar to help
breathingTake an aspirin- prevents blood clotFollow general first aid principles- monitor
pulse, breathing, consciousnessPrepare for CPR and AED
Treatment
Preventative Lifestyle ChangesSmoking CessationCardiovascular ExerciseHealthy Diet- low in fats and cholesterol
MedicationsBlood Pressure Reducing MedsAspirin to prevent blood clottingCholesterol lowering drugs
Treatment
SurgeryCoronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Arteries or veins are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings to supply blood to the heart muscle
http://www.webmd.com/heart/video/coronary-bypass
AngioplastyA wire with a balloon catheter is passed from the
femoral artery in the leg to the coronary artery of concern. When the balloon is inflated, it compresses plaque and stretches the artery wall to expand it.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-angioplasty/MM00048
The Facts
In the US, diseases of the heart are the leading cause of death
1,200,000 people suffer from a coronary attack every year. 40% of them will die as a result. About every 65 seconds, an American dies of a coronary event.
Coming Up
Quiz next classKnow how much of your
cholesterol needs that your body makes
2 risk factors you can modify, 2 you can’t modify
Know Heart attack video questions
2 warning signs of a heart attack
2 multiple choice questions on surgeries
Next ClassDiabetes
Diabetes
A metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or high blood sugarThere are 23.6 million people in the United
States, or 8% of the population, who have diabetes. -ADA
One in every three children born in the year 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime.- JAMA
Insulin Importance
Glucose is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells
When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems: Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes,
kidneys, nerves or heart.
Three types
Type 1Type 2Gestational DiabetesSimilar signs, symptoms, and
consequencesDifferent causes and population
distributions
Type 1
The body destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin
No cure, but treatable- take insulin and monitor
Gestational Diabetes
involves insulin resistanceHormones of pregnancy cause insulin
resistance in someResolves with delivery
Type 2
Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, or obesity related diabetes
Most common formTissue-wide insulin resistanceSometimes progresses to loss of beta cell
function and not enough insulin producedNo cure, but treatable
Type 2 Risk Factors
Genetic FactorsMore common in:
African Americans Latinos Native Americans Asian Americans
ObesitySedentary LifestyleAgeHigh BPHigh Cholesterol
Signs and Symptoms
Frequent urinationIncreased thirst Increased appetiteBlurred visionFatigueSlow healing
infections
Signs/ Tests
Fasting Blood Glucose LevelHigher than 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions
Non-fasting Glucose LevelOver 200 mg/dL and symptoms
Treatment
No Cure2 Main Treatment Goals
Reduction of mortalityPreservation of quality of life
Adjust diet and exerciseOral anti-diabetic drugs
Treatment
Must LearnHow to test and record blood
glucoseWhat to eat and whenHow to take medicationsHow to recognize and treat low
or high blood sugarHow to handle sick daysWhere to get supplies and how
to store them
Must check feet regularly
In people with diabetes, prolonged high blood sugar levels are linked with damage to the nerves in the feet. Nerve damage can cause loss of sensation as well as deformities of the feet.
Poor blood flow to the feet is also common in people with diabetes, and this slows the wound healing process and increases the risk of infection and amputation.