obesity and diabetes [autosaved]
TRANSCRIPT
Obesity and
diabetes
Done by :Asrar Zakari 2015
Being overweight increases the chances of developing the
common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes. In this disease, the body makes enough insulin but
the cells in the body have become resistant to
the salutary action of insulin. Why does this happen?
Obesity Obesity is a complex disorder involving an
excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It increases your risk of diseases and health
problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and high
blood pressure.
Causes
Unhealthy diet and eating habits. Weight gain is
inevitable if you regularly eat more calories than you burn.
And most Americans' diets are too high in calories and
are full of fast food and high-calorie beverages
Inactivity. If you're not very active, you don't burn as many calories.
With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories
every day than you use through exercise and
normal daily activities.
Symptoms
BMI Weight status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0-34.9 Obese (Class I)
35.0-39.9 Obese (Class II)
40.0 and higher Extreme obesity (Class III)
Diabetes:Diabetes is a group of
disorders characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due
to the body's failure to produce any or enough insulin to regulate high
glucose levels.
There are two main types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, which often occurs in children or adolescents, is caused by the body's inability to
make insulin.
type 2 diabetes, which occurs as a result of the body's inability to
react properly to insulin (insulin resistance).
The symptoms of diabetes type 2 can be so mild that cannot be noticed. In fact, about 8 million people who have it don't know it.
- Being very thirsty- Peeing a lot- Blurry vision- Being irritable- Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet- Feeling worn out- Wounds that don't heal- Yeast infection that keep coming back
People who are
overweight or have
obesity have added
pressure on their body's
ability to use insulin to
properly control blood
sugar levels, and are
therefore more likely to develop diabetes.
How does weight relate to diabetes?
There are many risk
factors for type 2
diabetes such as age,
race, pregnancy,
stress, certain
medications, genetics
or family history, high
cholesterol and
obesity.
However, the best
predictor of type 2
diabetes is overweight
or obesity. Almost 90%
of people living with
type 2 diabetes are
overweight or have
obesity.
Medical
nutrition
therapy
Goals of MNT that apply to individuals with diabetes
1) Achieve and maintain
● Blood glucose levels in the normal range or as close to normal as is safely possible
● A lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk for vascular disease
● Blood pressure levels in the normal range
2) To prevent, or at least slow, the rate of development of the chronic complications of diabetes by modifying nutrient intake and lifestyle
3) To address individual nutrition needs, taking into account personal and cultural preferences and willingness to change
4) To maintain the pleasure of eating by only limiting food choices when indicated by scientific evidence
ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND OBESITY Recommendations
● In overweight and obese insulin resistant individuals, modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance. Thus, weight loss is recommended for all such individuals who have or are at risk for diabetes. ● For weight loss, either low-carbohydrate or low-fat calorie-restricted diets may be effective in the short term (up to 1 year). ● For patients on low-carbohydrate diets, monitor lipid profiles, renal function, and protein intake (in those with nephropathy), and adjust hypoglycemic therapy as needed.
ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND OBESITY Recommendations CON
Physical activity and behavior modification are important components of weight loss programs and
are most helpful in maintenance of weight
loss.
Weight loss medications may be considered in the
treatment of overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and can help achieve
a 5–10% weight loss when combined with lifestyle
modification.
Dietary fat and cholesterol in diabetes management
Recommendations
● Limit saturated fat to 7% of total calories.
● Intake of trans fat should be minimized.
● In individuals with diabetes, limit dietary cholesterol to 200 mg/day.
● Two or more servings of fish per week (with the exception of commercially fried fish filets) provide n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are recommended.
Protein in diabetes management Recommendations
For individuals with diabetes and normal renal function, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that usual protein intake (15–20% of energy) should be modified.
In individuals with type 2 diabetes, ingested protein can increase insulin response without increasing plasma glucose concentrations. Therefore, protein should not be used to treat acute or prevent nighttime hypoglycemia.
High-protein diets are not recommended as a method for weight loss at this time.
prevent Obesity, Prevent Diabetes
To reduce the chances of developing diabetes, maintain a healthy weight and increase the physical activity , they can also try a diabetes vitamin, specially formulated for people with diabetes.
To aid in weight loss, a high fiber low carbohydrate diet and 20 to 30 minutes of moderate activity per day are recommended.