obat-obat respiratorik - aktifitas | student blog · jika hipoksia (pd status asmatikus) oksigen ....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK
LABORATORIUM FARMAKOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIBRAW
![Page 2: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SISTIM RESPIRATORIK
SALURAN NAFAS ATAS. Udara melalui lubang hidung / mulut
ke pharynx larynx trakhea untuk selanjutnya ke paru.
Penyakit yang tersering Infeksi Saluran Nafas Atas batuk, pilek
![Page 3: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SISTIM RESPIRATORIK
SALURAN NAFAS BAWAH
udara melalui trakhea bronkhus bronkhioli alveoli
Penyakit yang sering PPOM asma bronkhiale
bronkhitis kronis
emfisema
![Page 4: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SISTEM RESPIRASI KUCING
![Page 5: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SALURAN NAFAS ATAS rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis
Simptomatik - antihistamin
- dekongestan
- antitusif
- ekspektoran
- mukolitik
![Page 7: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ANTIHISTAMIN
Sedatif
Chlorpheniramin maleat (chlortrimeton=ctm)
Diphenhydramin (delladryl, benadryl)
Prometazin (Phenergan)
Non sedatif : loratadin, cetirizin
DEKONGESTAN : Agonis adrenergik
Ephedrin, pseudoephedrin Phenylpropanolamin (PPA) Phenylephrin
vasokonstriksi mukosa & sekresi hidung longgar
EFEK SAMPING : tensi
![Page 8: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ANTITUSIF
Menekan reflex batuk di pusat batuk /SSP
Indikasi : batuk non produktif/ iritasi
Contoh obat : - narkotik kodein
- non narkotik noskapin
dekstrometorphan
Efek samping : - depresi
- konstipasi (narkotik)
Kontraindikasi : ?
![Page 9: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
EKSPEKTORAN
Merangsang pengeluaran sekret/ mukus
batuk
Indikasi batuk produktif
Contoh obat : - ipekak
- amonium klorida (NH4Cl)
- Gliseril guaiakolat
Mukus kental, kuning mukolitik
antibiotik
![Page 10: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MUKOLITIK
Mengencerkan sekret sal.nafas memecah mukoprotein & mukopoliskarida sputum
Contoh obat : - bromheksin - ambroxol - asetilcystein
![Page 11: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
OBAT-OBAT ASMA BRONKHIALE
![Page 12: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PATOFISIOLOGI ASMA BRONKHIALE
Penyakit inflamasi sal.nafas
(sel-sel inflamasi)
Gejala - hiperresponsif bronkhus thd
stimuli penyempitan bronkhus
Gamb.patologi * bronkhokonstriksi
* penebalan mukosa ok edema & infiltrasi sel * sekresi mukus >
![Page 13: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ag (polutan, alergen)
Ag-Ab/IgE di mast cell
MEDIATOR Late response : Early response : Inflamation Bronchoconstriction Hyperreactivity Symptom
![Page 14: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ag (polutan, alergen) hindari
Ag-Ab/IgE di mast cell kromolin, steroid MEDIATOR steroid agonis , teofilin, anti kholinergik Late response : Early response : Inflamation Bronchoconstriction Hyperreactivity Symptom
TERAPI
![Page 15: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TERAPI
1. BRONKHODILATOR
2. ANTIINFLAMASI
3. LAIN-LAIN * mukolitik * antitusif, ekspektoran * antihistamin * antibiotik jk.perlu * preventif kromolin steroid CATATAN : JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN
![Page 16: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK
- adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - isoproterenol, isoprenalin - agonis 2 selektif
2. DERIVAT XANTIN - teofilin Phosphodiesterase inhibitor cAMP me ningkat relaksasi otot polos bronkus
3. ANTIKHOLINERGIK - atropin - ipatropium bromid
![Page 17: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Agonis adrenergik 2 selektif - Terbutalin (Allupent) - Albuterol (Salbutamol) - Metaproterenol efektif pd - Fenoterol serangan akut - Formoterol Selektivitas pada reseptor adr.2
Efektif pd pemberian -p.o. -aerosol onset cepat langs.reseptor
![Page 18: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Efek samping
-aritmia ok stimulasi 1 jantung -tremor, musc.cramps -gangguan metabolisme -iritasi pada penggunaan inhaler -penggunaan lama reseptor desensitif tolerans
![Page 19: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DERIVAT XANTIN
METYLXANTIN TEOFILLIN
TEOBROMIN
CAFFEIN
EFEK - Relaksasi otot polos bronkhus - Stimulasi SSP - Stimulasi otot jantung - Diuresis - Asam lambung
![Page 20: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FARMAKOKINETIK
- absorpsi baik : - p.o., “sustained release” kadar stabil di plasma - p.e. iv - distribusi : slrh tubuh plasenta, ASI - metabolisme : hepar ok -induksi enz o/ rifampin, fenobarbtal, etanol -rokok ok -inhibisi enz o/ simetidin, eritromisin, alopurinol -gagal jantung, liver dis. -orang tua
![Page 21: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
EFEK SAMPING
-iv.cepat aritmia jantung, hipotensi
-Sakit kepala, palpitasi, dizziness, nausea,
hipotensi, nyeri prekordial
-Indeks terapi sempit
dosis besar takikardia,
agitasi kejang,
emesis, Gx.GIT
-Anak-2 mudah kejang
![Page 22: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ANTIKHOLINERGIK
*ATROPIN : iv; aerosol
*IPATROPIUM BROMID : aerosol
Mekanisme : -Antagonis res.kholinergik M # otot polos bronkhodilatasi # kelenjar mukus Efek sistemik : -Mulut kering, retensi urin, mata kabur, takikardi Efektif u/ hiperreaktif bronkhokonstriksi PPOM, bronkhitis kronis,orang tua
![Page 23: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ANTIINFLAMASI KORTIKOSTEROID EFEK : -langsung otot polos bronkus (-) -inflamasi -hiperreaktivitas -efek pd reseptor adr. : kepekaan Obat : prednison, prednisolon p.o mild asma : inhaler
![Page 24: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
EFEK SAMPING
-lokal : kandidiasis, iritasi
-sistemik : supresi adrenal retensi Na dan air osteophorosis ulkus peptikum metab. KH “moon face”, “buffalo hump”
![Page 25: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
KROMOLIN
-per inhalasi
-stabilisasi mast cell degranulasi (-)
-efek samping :
. Batuk, edem laryng, nyeri sendi,
sakit kepala, rash, nausea
-indikasi :
- preventif serangan asma
Contoh ketotifen
![Page 26: OBAT-OBAT RESPIRATORIK - Aktifitas | Student Blog · JIKA HIPOKSIA (pd status asmatikus) OKSIGEN . BRONKHODILATOR 1.SIMPATOMIMETIK/ ADRENERGIK - adrenalin/ epinefrin - efedrin - …](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052305/5b83d38e7f8b9a23668ddeee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PROSES KEPERAWATAN
1. Laki-laki 50 th dengan pilek yang mengganggu disertai hipertensi
2. Wanita 30 th dengan asma bronkhiale akut