ob session 7- ta
TRANSCRIPT
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What do you see?
Now what do you see?
Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2005
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Sensation and Perception
Sensation The process through which the senses pick up
visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and
transmit them to the brain; sensory information thathas registered in the brain but has not beeninterpreted
Perception
The process by which sensory information isactively organized and interpreted by the brain
A process by which individuals organize andinterpret their sensory impressions in order to givemeaning to their environment.
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I think, therefore I am(17th century, the French philosopher Ren Descartes )
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Our Social Interactions..
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.Our social interactions define our behavior
TA is a model for explaining why and how:
People think like they do
People act like they do
People interact/communicate with others
Based on Games People Play(Dr. Eric Berne)
Im OK- -Youre OK(Dr. Thomas Harris)
Transactional analysis is a theory about personality, personality
development and communication. The ideas of transactionalanalysis (TA) were developed by Eric Berne and popularized
through his books.
TA provides models to observe and understand communication ineveryday interaction.
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Transactional Analysis
Ego States
Ego State Problems Transactions
Four Life Positions
Life Scripts (Games)
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Our Brain (according to Berne)
Determines what we think and how we act
Acts like a tape recorder while recording
1) Events2) Associated feelings
Has 3 distinct parts or ego states
1) Parent2) Adult
3) Child
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Transactional AnalysisEgo States
Parent
Adult
Child
Nurturing - comforting, soothing, considerateCritical - Stern, forbidding, blaming
Natural - fun loving, not under influence of internal parent.Adapted (Compliant) - listening to and attempting to
please the internal parent.Rebel (strong-willed) - Acting to oppose the internal parent.
Logical, calm, decisive, reality-centered
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"I not only remember how
I felt, I feel the same waynow" - Dr. Thomas HarrisBoth the eventand the feelings experienced during that eventarestored in the brain. The event and the feelings are locked together, andneither one can be recalled without the other.
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And it is these collisions and
interactions between these
personality factions(groups)that manifest themselves as an
individual's thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors.
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Parent Ego State
Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns basedon messages or lessons learned from parents and otherparental or authoritarian sources
Shoulds and should nots; oughts and ought nots; always
and never Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on thingssuch as:
religion dress salespeopletraditions work products
money raising children companies Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views) Critical views (fault finding, judgmental, condescending
views)
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Adult Ego State
Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on objective analysis ofinformation (data, facts)
Make decisions based on logic,computations, probabilities, etc. (notemotion)
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Child Ego State
Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on child-like emotions,impulses, feelings we have experienced
Child-like examples
Impulsive
Self-centeredAngryFearful
Happy
Pleasure seekingRebelliousHappy
Curious
Eager to please
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Human Interaction Analysis
A transaction = any interaction orcommunication between 2 people
People send and receive messages out of andinto their different ego states
How people say something (what others hear?)just as important as what is said
Types of communication, interactions1) Complementary
2) Crossed
3) Ulterior
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions
A transaction is either a verbal or non-verbalexchange between two or more individuals.
TransactionStimulus TransactionResponse
P
A
C
P
A
C27 possiblecombinations
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when an individual is speaking, thelistener focuses on the following three
types of communication:Actual Words - 7%
The Way words are delivered (tone,accents on certain words, etc.) - 38%
Facial expressions - 55%
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Complementary Transactions
Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriateand expected from another person.
Parallel communication arrows, communicationcontinues.
Example 1: #1 What is the time now ?
#2 11:15.
P
A
C
P
A
C
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Complementary Transactions
contdExample 2:
P
A
C
P
A
C
#1 Youre late again!
#2 Im sorry. It wonthappen again.
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Crossed Transactions
Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate orexpected from another person.
Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.
Example 1 #1 What is the time now ?
#2 Theres a clock on the wall, why dont youfigure it out yourself?
P
A
C
P
A
C
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Crossed Transactions contd
Example 2 #1 Youre late again!
#2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tire.
P
A
C
P
A
C
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Ulterior Transactions
Interactions, responses, actions which aredifferent from those explicitly stated
Example Customer: And, what is the price for this tie?
Salesman: Oh, that does not suit your taste Sir.
(You Cheapo, you cannot afford this expensive attire)
P
A
C
P
A
C
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions Life Positions
We adopt behavior and attitudes from the day we areborn. Attitudes are formed about others and oneself basedon the displayed behaviors and attitudes of parents in our earlychildhood. These observations from the child program away to view the world that becomes our life position in a givensituation.
YOURE OK
IM OK IM NOT OK
YOURE NOT OK
Get away fromGet on with
Get nowhere withGet rid of
The OK Corral
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Life Positions
Man (Doorbell, footsteps, door opens) Yes, what can Ido for you?
Solicitor Good evening, sir. Im Fred Forrest of the Brownfor President Campaign and we are in theneighborhood for the . . .
Man (Interrupting) Brown who?
Solicitor Why, Rich Brown -- Oh, by the way, I hope Imnot interrupting anything.
Man I dont know Rich Brown, and you AREinterrupting my favorite TV show. Besides, if itsmoney you want, I dont believe in handouts!
Solicitor Well, Im not here for the purpose of campaigncontributions -- even though we need all the funds wecan get -- what we need is your support . . .
Man (Interrupting) I support my family and thats all Ive gottime for, so GOOD NIGHT! (door slams)
YOURE OK
YOURE NOT OK
IM OK IM NOT OK
A B
C D
Situation
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Life Positions
YOURE OK
YOURE NOT OK
IM OK IM NOT OK
A B
C D
Situation Man (Nervously) Yes, Officer, is there something wrong?
Policeman Im Officer Tom Hanlon of the Police Department andwhile I was driving by, I noticed that a car wasblocking the driveway and wanted to ask if youwould like us to have it towed away for you.
Man (nervously) Why, Sir, that's my car.
Policeman Fine, heres a parking ticket. You have one weekto pay the fine for illegal parking.
Man (nervously) You mean . . . I cant park in front ofmy own driveway?
Policeman No, not in front of your own driveway or anyoneelses driveway.
Man Ill move my car right away, Officer, and I assureyou it wont happen again.
Policeman Thank you, and good evening.
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Games are used to avoid authenticity, tostructure time, or to fulfill basic life
positions and to ensure the maintenanceof the life script. Games can be classifiedaccording to life positions.
Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
Blaming Others
1. If it werent for you I could get some workdone.
2. Now see what you made me do Its your fault, not mine.
3. Uproar A shouting, accusinggame.
4. Look how hard Ive tried Are you so blind that you
cant see how valuableI am.
5. Look what your doing to me See the bags under myeyes, my recent divorce.
Purpose: To proveYOURE NOT OK
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
Saving Others
1. Im only trying to help you Are you so dumb thatyou wont follow my advice.
2. What would you do without Im so valuable -- youdme? probably just shrivel up
and die.
3. Why dont you - Yes, but Why didnt you plan ahead?Yes, but I couldnt because
Bill ... Why didn't you ask Billto...? I could have but thenI would have to ... so thatwouldnt have worked. Did
you try ... Yes, but etc.
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
Finding Fault
Mines better My idea. my house, my car,my spouse, my job. etc.
Blemish Your report was fine, Bob, butyou missed a comma on page 15.
Corner You have all this work to do withrigid time schedules that youcouldnt possibly meet. Now Iwant you to make sure that youdo this extra work, or Ill have tofind someone who can.
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
Purpose: To proveIM NOT OK Provoking Put-Downs
Kick me You didnt say the reportwas due Friday, you said...
Stupid Oh Mr. Jones, you know that urgentletter that you needed mailed lastFriday? I just found it right here in
my desk.
Cops and robbers Extortion, embezzlement, pettythievery, hacking
Debtor I know my third payment is pastdue, but ...
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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games
Enjoying Misery
Poor me Ive got so much work to do and noone to help and now my car broke
down and my kids are giving me fitsand ...
Youll have to take I dont like me either, but were allme as I am stuck with it.
Lush Im so depressed I need a drink andIm always so hung-over I cantbe effective.
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Stroking
A stroke is a unit of recognition, when oneperson recognizes another person eitherverbally or non verbally.
recognition-hungeras a requirement ofadults to receive strokes.
Any stroke, be it positive or negative, is
better than no strokes at all.
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