oasd (ra) 1 transforming the national guard and reserve from a strategic to an operational reserve...

OASD (RA)OASD (RA) 11

Transforming the National Guard and Reserve

From a Strategic to an Operational Reserve

Dr. John D. Winkler

Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense

for Reserve Affairs (Acting)


Agenda

• Purpose of the Reserve Components

• Key Features of the Reserve Components

• Reserve Force Organization

• Reserve Force Contributions

• What Does the Future Hold


Purpose of the Reserve Components

Section 10102 of title 10, United States Code

“The purpose of each Reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in times of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components.”


Key Features of Reserve Components

• Follows citizen-soldier tradition

• Regionally based and recruited

• Organized militia, acknowledged in U.S. Constitution National Guard - controlled by State governors in peacetime; Federal

assets during national emergencies Federal reserves augment Active forces

• All Volunteer Force, composed of prior-service and non-prior service personnel

• Part-time participation: 39 days per year minimum

• “Total” Force policy- Reserve component missions and structure complement active duty forces

• “Abrams Doctrine”- Ensures national will through mobilization of Reserve components in conflicts


7 Reserve Components

MARINE AIR COAST ARMY NAVY CORPS FORCE GUARD

ARMY NAVY MARINE AIR COAST RESERVE RESERVE CORPS FORCE GUARD

RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE

ARMY AIR NATIONAL NATIONAL GUARD GUARD

Section 10101 of title 10, United States Code


Cold War to PresentArmy Guard475K to 350K

10 Divisions, 24 Separate Brigades; Combat Support (CS);Combat Service Support (CSS)

36 Combat Brigades, & CS/CSS

Army Reserve319K to 205K

Combat, CS, and CSS Mainly CSS, some CS, CA & PSYOPS

Naval Reserve152K to 71.3K

Combat, CS, & CSS in ships/ squadrons/units, plus active unit augmentation

Emphasis on unit CS and CSS, less augmentation to combat units

USMCR43.6K to 39.6K

Augmentation & reinforcement

Same

Air Guard 116K to 107K

12.5 Fighter Wing Equivalent (FWE); Tactical Lift

Fighters, Tankers, airlift, CSAR, J-STARS, Air Defense

Strategic (STRAT) Lift, & Tankers CSS

STRAT and theater Lift, Tankers, CSAR &CSS

Coast GuardReserve12K to 10K

Air Reserve83K to 74.9K

Port Security units, Marine safetyunits, Ops Shore Facilities, Vessel & air station augmentation

Individual augmentation to Active Coast Guard Units, PortSecurity Units

Reserve Force Structure


Reserve Service Active (Selected Reserve only)

Army 48% 52% Navy 83% 17% Marine 82% 18% Air Force 65% 35% Coast Guard 81% 19%All Services 62% 38%

Percentages of Active and Selected Reserve Manpower

Based on FY 2007 Authorized Strengths


Ready Reserve 1,087,276

Selected Reserve 835,954

Unit and Active Guard/Reserve (AGR)809,722

Reserve Unit Members(Paid Drill Strength Only)

738,907

AGR70,815

Individual MobilizationAugmentees

26,232

Individual ReadyReserve /

Inactive National Guard

251,322

U.S. Reserve ManpowerOrganization & Size

As of: July 31, 2007


SelectiveMobilization

RC Volunteers

Presidential Reserve Call-up (PRC)

PartialMobilization

FullMobilization

TotalMobilization

Legislation AuthorizingFurther Force Expansion

Legislation AuthorizingFurther Force Expansion

Congressional Declaration of National Emergency

Congressional Declaration of National Emergency

Presidential orCongressional Declaration of National Emergency

Presidential orCongressional Declaration of National Emergency

Global

Multiple Regional Contingencies

Regional Contingency

UN Peacekeeping

Humanitarian Assistance

Anti-Drug

All Hazards

The Strategic Reserve Model


Recent Use of Reserves

DESERT SHIELD / STORMOPERATIONS

NOBLE EAGLE / ENDURNIG FREEDOM /

IRAQI FREEDOM

INCLUDES HAITI, BOSNIA, SOUTHWEST ASIA, AND KOSOVO

CONTINGENCIES

61.3 M Duty Days

44.2 M Duty days

62.0 M Duty days

41.3 M Duty Days

12.7 M Duty days

13.5 M Duty days

0.9 M Duty days

5.3 M Duty Days

67.2 M Duty Days

FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06

RC

Du

ty D

ays

of

Op

erat

ion

al S

up

po

rt


Reserve Force Mobilization Levels(Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Sep-

01

Nov

-01

Jan-

02

Mar

-02

May

-02

Jul-0

2

Sep-

02

Nov

-02

Jan-

03

Mar

-03

May

-03

Jul-0

3

Sep-

03

Nov

-03

Jan-

04

Mar

-04

May

-04

Jul-0

4

Sep-

04

Nov

-04

Jan-

05

Mar

-05

May

-05

Jul-0

5

Sep-

05

Nov

-05

Jan-

06

Mar

-06

May

-06

Jul-0

6

Sep-

06

Nov

-06

Jan-

07

Mar

-07

May

-07

Coast Guard Reserve

Marine Corps Reserve

Navy Reserve

Air Force RC (Guard & Reserve)

Army RC (Guard & Reserve)

Major Combat

OperationsIn

Afghanistan

Maj

or C

omb

at O

per

atio

ns

in I

raq

Tra

nsf

er o

f G

over

nm

ent

to I

raq

Iraq

i V

ote

on C

onst

itu

tion

Iraq

i N

atio

nal

Ass

emb

ly E

lect

ion

s

76,02176,021

212,772212,772

170,880170,880175,283175,283

107,921107,921

143,058143,058


111,515

281,281

443,158

Reserve Force Mobilization StatisticsCurrent Selected Reserve Members Ever Mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF

Not Mobilized – 53.0%Mobilized – 47.0%

Members Mobilized Once for ONE/OEF/OIF

Members Not Mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF

Members Who Served More than Once in

ONE/OEF/OIF

Selected Reserve Force (835,954)(As of: July 31, 2007)

• Data as of: July 31, 2007

• Data does not include IRR members

• Total RC members called up since 9/11/01: 604,781 (589,113 SelRes; 15,668 IRR)

Total Members currently serving in the SelRes 835,954

Total members mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF 392,796 47.0%

Total members who have served once in ONE/OEF/OIF 281,281 33.6%

Total members who have served more than once in ONE/OEF/OIF 111,515 13.3%

Total members not mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF 443,158 53.0%


Occupational CategoryHigher Use Specialties within the Occupational Category

Stre

ss

High

Low

Note: Each Occupational Category has low-use specialties as well.

Logistics/Service Law Enforcement, Transportation, Materiel Combat Arms Special Forces, Installation Security, Aircraft CrewsIntelligence General Intelligence, Electronic Countermeasures,

Counter IntelligenceCivil Engineering/Utilities Construction Related, Utilities

Maintenance Ammo Repair, Aircraft Related, Construction Equip

Electronic RepairElectronic Instruments, Communications-Radio,Communications-Navigation

Technical & Misc Civil Affairs, NBC Specialists, Memorial Activities

Admin/Functional Support Clerical, Info & EducationHealth Care Medical Support, Physicians, Veterinary Services

Usage by Skill Reveals Force Imbalances


Rebalancing is Needed

The Department’s rebalancing actions have resulted in about 70,000 changes in positions within and between the Active and Reserve components over the past several years. The Department plans to rebalance an additional 55,000 positions by 2015.

… be very careful about short call up periods for the reserve

… give them as much certainty as possible …

… use volunteers to the greatest extent possible …

… rebalance the guard and the Reserve with the Active force.


Rebalancing Objectives

• Resolve stressed career fields. Structure forces to limit involuntary mobilization to

reasonable and sustainable rates.

• Enhance early responsiveness. Structure forces to reduce the need for involuntary

mobilization during early stages of a rapid response operation.

• Employ innovative personnel management practices. Provide range of participation opportunities. Provide predictable periods of service. Enhance volunteerism.


What Does the Future Hold?

• The strategic environment will be different

• The United States will be engaged in a long war. – The United States will face large and small contingencies

at unpredictable intervals.

– Operational tempo is expected to continue at a rate higher than pre-2001 levels.

– Joint force commanders will need more immediate access to the Total Force.

– Select reservists and units should be more accessible and deployable than they are today.


The New “Operational Reserve”

“To fight the long war and conduct other future

contingency operations, joint force commanders need to

have more immediate access to the Total Force. In

particular, the Reserve Component must be

operationalized, so that select Reservists and units are

more accessible and more readily deployable than today.

During the Cold War, the Reserve component was used,

appropriately, as a ‘strategic reserve,’ to provide support

to Active Component forces during major combat

operations. In today’s global context, this concept is less

relevant.”

Key attributes:

Rebalanced to ensure an adequate rotational base for needed capabilities and to limit involuntary mobilization to predictable and sustainable rates (e.g., one year in every six)

Organized, equipped, and trained to support operational missions in periodic cycles

Managed to provide a range of participation opportunities and enhance volunteerism


Definition of an “Operational Reserve”

What is the New Guard and Reserve?

Today’s new Guard and Reserve have both a strategic and operational role

How will the New Guard and Reserve Support Operational Missions?

The new guard and reserve will be organized, equipped and trained to support operational military mission requirements to the same standard as the Regular component. Individuals and units will be tasked to prepare for and participate in missions, across the full spectrum of operations, in a cyclic or periodic manner that provides predictability for service members and their families and employers.

- OSD/RA White Paper


New Availability and Service Paradigm

STRATEGIC RESERVE OPERATIONAL RESERVE

• “Rheostat” capable of supporting anoperational reserve force

• Flexible system that supports any levelof service

• No more “workarounds”

• Easy to transition from civilian tomilitary and back

• Common pay system that accommodatesvarying levels of service is required

Full TimeVariable

PoolTraditional

Reserve DutyInnovativePrograms

Z e r o t o 3 6 5+ d a y sContinuum of Service

Full Time365 Days

Full Time365 Days

Traditional Reservists

38 Days


38 Days

• “Circuit breaker” approach:either training or mobilized

• Most duty performed as training

• Compensation system designed for training and mobilization

• Multiple authorities affecting pay

• “Workarounds” common for dutybeyond the traditional 38 days

STRATEGIC RESERVE OPERATIONAL RESERVESTRATEGIC RESERVE OPERATIONAL RESERVE











Full TimeVariable

PoolTraditional


Full TimeVariable

PoolTraditional


Z e r o t o 3 6 5+ d a y sContinuum of Service

Full Time365 Days

Full Time365 Days


38 Days


38 Days






Full Time365 Days

Full Time365 Days


38 Days


38 Days







Support the transition to an “operational reserve”• Enhance RC Capabilities

• Improve AC/RC Integration

• Strengthen RC Readiness Through Training Transformation

• Implement Train – Mobilize – Deploy Construct

• Man an Operational Reserve

• Implement a “Continuum of Service”

• Strengthen Employer Support

• Strengthen Family Readiness

• Promote Basing Solutions

• Equipping Solutions for an Operational Reserve

• Establish RC Roles in Homeland Defense and Civil Support

• Resource an Operational Reserve

Strategic Initiatives Through 2008 in support of an “Operational Reserve”


Back Up Charts


1,384,968

2,174,2172,251,936

825,985

1,170,560

918,970

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

DoD Active Components

DoD Reserve Components (SelRes)

DoD End Strengths(FY73 – FY06)

FY 1973 – FY 2006AC: - 38.5%RC: - 10.1%

Reductions from PeaksAC: - 38.5% (FY 1973 – FY 2006)RC: - 29.4% (FY 1989 – FY 2006)


* Includes RC volunteers.

Reserve Component Support in Recent Contingency Operations

RED indicates “Partial Mobilization”

Military Operation Location # RC Members*

Noble Eagle/Enduring/Iraqi Freedom

CONUS/O’CONUS 605,000

Allied Force Kosovo 21,000+

Desert Thunder Iraq 40,000+

Joint Endeavor/ Guard/Forge Bosnia 61,000+

Support/Uphold Democracy Haiti 8,338

Restore Hope Somalia 343

Desert Shield/Storm Kuwait/Iraq 267,330


Continuum of Service: Major Initiative Areas

Establish new affiliation programs44

Simplify Manpower Management Rules11

Modernize Compensation and Benefits to Support an Operational Reserve33

OBJECTIVE:

To provide Human

Resource policies,

programs, and legislation that ensure a more seamless and cost-effective management of Active and

Reserve personnel

Streamline Personnel Rules22

oasd (ra) 1 transforming the national guard and reserve from a strategic to an operational reserve...

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