Do-Later France and Great Britain have been

involved in Napoleonic wars for some time, and the neutral United States has slowly been drawn into the conflict between the nations.

Knowing what you do about the US’s relationship with each country:

• Write a proposal to Congress to declare war (on GB, FR, or both?)

OR• Write a proposal to Congress

persuading them to remain neutral

Be SPECIFIC in your reasons. You may use your notes & book to do this!

Thursday, February 12th

Agenda• Speech presentations • Do-Now• Notes on the causes of the war of 1812

HomeworkEnjoy your long weekend!

Be kind to your valentine!

By the time Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin were deadBy the time Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin were dead—the American murdered by a pro-slavery terrorist in —the American murdered by a pro-slavery terrorist in 1865, the Englishman after a long illness in 1882—the 1865, the Englishman after a long illness in 1882—the

shape of history had changed, and the lives they had led shape of history had changed, and the lives they had led and the things they had said had done a lot to change it. and the things they had said had done a lot to change it.

Two small splashes had helped to change the tide of Two small splashes had helped to change the tide of time. Very different beliefs, ones that we now treat as time. Very different beliefs, ones that we now treat as

natural and recognize as just part of the background hum natural and recognize as just part of the background hum of our time, were in place. People were beginning to of our time, were in place. People were beginning to

understand that the world was very, very old, and that understand that the world was very, very old, and that the animals and plants in it had changed dramatically the animals and plants in it had changed dramatically over the eons—and though just how they had changed over the eons—and though just how they had changed

was still debated, the best guesses, then as now, was still debated, the best guesses, then as now, involved slow alteration through a competition for involved slow alteration through a competition for

resources over a very long time. People were convinced, resources over a very long time. People were convinced, on the whole, that democratic government, arrived at by on the whole, that democratic government, arrived at by reform or revolution, was a plausible and strong way to reform or revolution, was a plausible and strong way to organize a modern nation. (A giant statue, one of the organize a modern nation. (A giant statue, one of the

largest since antiquity, of a goddess of Liberty was under largest since antiquity, of a goddess of Liberty was under construction in once-again Republican France to be sent construction in once-again Republican France to be sent to a vindicated Republican America, to commemorate to a vindicated Republican America, to commemorate this belief.) Slavery in the Western world was finished. this belief.) Slavery in the Western world was finished.

(Although racism wasn't.) (Although racism wasn't.)

O, say can you O, say can you see…see…

An Introduction to An Introduction to the causes of the causes of

The War of 1812 The War of 1812

“America’s second war for independence”

Key TermsKey TermsEMBARGOEMBARGO – a ban on exports – a ban on exports

BLOCKADEBLOCKADE – to seal up an enemy country’s ports – to seal up an enemy country’s ports in prevention of shipping (and receiving)in prevention of shipping (and receiving)

IMPRESSMENTIMPRESSMENT – the practice of seizing – the practice of seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the Americans at sea and drafting them into the British NavyBritish Navy

WAR HAWKSWAR HAWKS – members of Congress who – members of Congress who aggressively pushed the US toward waraggressively pushed the US toward war

War HawksWar Hawks What the war hawks What the war hawks

wanted:wanted:– Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion

(Canada, FL)(Canada, FL)– Defending independence Defending independence – Enforcing Indian removalEnforcing Indian removal

Well-Known War Well-Known War HawksHawks

Henry Clay (KY)

Speaker of the house and recognized figurehead of the warhawks during the war of 1812.

Hawks were young, radical and vocal in the Democratic-Republican

Congress. Mostly from southern and western (frontier) states

John C. Calhoun (SC)

What was going on in America What was going on in America leading up to the War of 1812?leading up to the War of 1812?

Thomas Jefferson (VA) Thomas Jefferson (VA) – reelected in 1804reelected in 1804

James Madison (VA) James Madison (VA) – elected in 1808elected in 1808

Shipping was a major industryShipping was a major industry GB and FR were at war GB and FR were at war

– lead to lead to blockadesblockades American shipping suffersAmerican shipping suffers

– approximately 1500 American ships seized by both approximately 1500 American ships seized by both FR and GB, cargoes confiscatedFR and GB, cargoes confiscated

Other CausesOther Causes Although France was also at fault, the US Although France was also at fault, the US

focused their aggression toward Great focused their aggression toward Great Britain.Britain.

Why was this????Why was this????

– In part, because of the British policy of In part, because of the British policy of impressment impressment – Also because of the “Chesapeake Incident”Also because of the “Chesapeake Incident”

Other CausesOther Causes The U.S.S. The U.S.S. Chesapeake Chesapeake IncidentIncident

June 1807, American frigate June 1807, American frigate out of Norfolk VAout of Norfolk VA

British commander killed 3, British commander killed 3, wounded 18 Americans when wounded 18 Americans when refused permission to board refused permission to board in search of British desertersin search of British deserters

Americans (especially war Americans (especially war hawks!) were outraged hawks!) were outraged – President Jefferson further President Jefferson further

driven to actiondriven to actionThe USS Chesapeake and HMS Leopard

Other CausesOther Causes THE EMBARGO ACT OF 1807THE EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 The US respondsThe US responds

– December 22, 1807, President Thomas December 22, 1807, President Thomas Jefferson retaliates with economic sanctions, Jefferson retaliates with economic sanctions, embargoembargo

– His hope was for “peaceful coercion” His hope was for “peaceful coercion”

– The result?...The result?...

Other CausesOther Causes Embargo Act of 1807 Embargo Act of 1807

– results in devastation among New England merchantsresults in devastation among New England merchants– restricts shipmentsrestricts shipments– designed to economically disable GB and France designed to economically disable GB and France – instead spells disaster for the American Economyinstead spells disaster for the American Economy

Repealed in 1809 with the Non-Intercourse ActRepealed in 1809 with the Non-Intercourse Act– WITH THE EXCEPTION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE,

shipping could resumeshipping could resume

Check your understanding…Check your understanding…

In your own words, what was president Jefferson’s In your own words, what was president Jefferson’s reason for the Embargo Act of 1807?reason for the Embargo Act of 1807?

Did it have the intended effect? What was its Did it have the intended effect? What was its result, instead?result, instead?

Do-Later France and Great Britain have been involved in Napoleonic wars for

some time, and the neutral United States has slowly been drawn into the conflict between the nations.

• Write a proposal to Congress persuading them to declare war (on GB, FR, or both?)

OR• Write a proposal to Congress persuading them to remain

neutral. Why?

Be SPECIFIC in your reasons. You may use your notes & book!

Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Held captive 8 miles away Held captive 8 miles away as Fort McHenry (near as Fort McHenry (near Baltimore) was attacked by Baltimore) was attacked by the Britishthe British

AttorneyAttorney Penned the poem that Penned the poem that

became “The Star became “The Star Spangled Banner”Spangled Banner”

The Burning of the White The Burning of the White HouseHouse

James Madison Dolley Madison

The Burning of the White The Burning of the White HouseHouse

A national A national treasure, salvaged treasure, salvaged in the final in the final momentsmoments

Something to think about…Something to think about…

Some historians refer to the War of 1812 Some historians refer to the War of 1812 as America’s second war for as America’s second war for independence… independence…

– What parallels or similarities exist between the War of 1812 and the Revolutionary War?

Important events and Important events and battles in the War of battles in the War of

18121812

The American The American SoldierSoldier

The British The British Redcoat Redcoat (1815)(1815)

The Battle of TippecanoeThe Battle of Tippecanoe

The Battle of The Battle of TippecanoeTippecanoe

The Battle of TippecanoeThe Battle of Tippecanoe

The Battle The Battle of of

TippecanoeTippecanoe

The Bombardment of Fort The Bombardment of Fort McHenryMcHenry

Bombardment of Bombardment of Fort McHenryFort McHenry

The Burning of WashingtonThe Burning of Washington

The Burning of the White HouseThe Burning of the White House

U.S.S. ConstitutionU.S.S. Constitution

““Old Ironsides”Old Ironsides”

““Old Ironsides”Old Ironsides”

Battle of Lake ErieBattle of Lake Erie

Oliver Hazard PerryOliver Hazard Perry“We have met the enemy, and they are ours!”

Battle of Lake ErieBattle of Lake Erie