O. ŞAHİNO. ŞAHİNİÖP-1İÖP-1

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İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılırlar.üzere ikiye ayrılırlar.

Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz:Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz:

A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.

Sayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vbSayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vb maddelerdir:maddelerdir:

rice, sugar,butterrice, sugar,butter furniture, luggagefurniture, luggage milk, water, sodamilk, water, soda electricity, gas, powerelectricity, gas, power

Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar:Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar:

music, art, love, happinessmusic, art, love, happiness luck, chance, honestyluck, chance, honesty wealth, health, newswealth, health, news education, anger confidenceeducation, anger confidence

Countable (Sayılabilen) İsimlerCountable (Sayılabilen) İsimlerCountable nouns are things that we can count:Countable nouns are things that we can count:

dog, cat,animal,man, persondog, cat,animal,man, person bottle, box litrebottle, box litre coin, note, dollarcoin, note, dollar table, chair, suitcasetable, chair, suitcase cup, plate, forkcup, plate, fork

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

My My dog isdog is playing. playing. My My dogs aredogs are hungry. hungry.

We can use indefinite article We can use indefinite article a/ana/an with countables: with countables:

AA dog is dog is anan animal. animal. I have I have aa brother. brother. An An insect can be very little.insect can be very little. I’ve got I’ve got aa professional camera. professional camera.

When a countable noun singular, we must use a word When a countable noun singular, we must use a word likelike a/the/my/thisa/the/my/this::

I want I want anan orange. (not I want orange) orange. (not I want orange) Where is Where is mymy bottle? (not where is bottle?) bottle? (not where is bottle?) AA dog is dog is anan animal. (not dog is animal) animal. (not dog is animal)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

I like horses.I like horses. Bottles can break.Bottles can break. Computer games can affect children.Computer games can affect children. Families are most important in Turkish culture.Families are most important in Turkish culture.

We can use We can use somesome and and anyany with countable nouns: with countable nouns:

I’ve got I’ve got somesome dollars. dollars. Have you got Have you got any any pencils?pencils? I don’t like I don’t like anyany kind of animals. kind of animals. SomeSome birds don’t fly. birds don’t fly.

We can use We can use a fewa few and and manymany with countable nouns: with countable nouns:

I’ve got I’ve got a fewa few dollars. dollars. I haven’t got I haven’t got manymany pencils. pencils. I have to do I have to do manymany homeworks. homeworks. A fewA few students are absent in class today. students are absent in class today.

Uncountable (sayılamayan) isimlerUncountable (sayılamayan) isimlerUncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot

divide into seperate elements.divide into seperate elements.

We cannot count them:We cannot count them:

For example, we cannot count “milk”For example, we cannot count “milk”• We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”.We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”.• But we cannot count “milk” itself.But we cannot count “milk” itself.

Here are the some more uncountable nouns:Here are the some more uncountable nouns:

furniture, fruit, jewellery ,weaponryfurniture, fruit, jewellery ,weaponry meat, cheese butter, bread, icemeat, cheese butter, bread, ice milk, beer, wine, soup, bloodmilk, beer, wine, soup, blood pollution, air, steam, oxygenpollution, air, steam, oxygen salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.

We use a singular verb. For example:We use a singular verb. For example:• This This news news is is vey important.vey important.• Your luggage Your luggage lookslooks heavy. heavy.• ThisThis money money isis yours. yours.• The sceneryThe scenery along the Bosphorus along the Bosphorus isis magnificient. magnificient.

We do not usually use the indefinite article We do not usually use the indefinite article a/ana/an with with uncountable nouns.uncountable nouns.

We cannot say “an information” or “a music”.We cannot say “an information” or “a music”.

But we can say But we can say a something ofa something of::• a piece ofa piece of news news• a bottle ofa bottle of water water• a grain ofa grain of rice rice

We can use We can use somesome and and anyany with uncountable nouns. with uncountable nouns.

I’ve got I’ve got somesome money. money. I haven’t got I haven’t got anyany rice. rice. I don’t use I don’t use anyany sugar with my tea. sugar with my tea. I haven’t got I haven’t got anyany idea about this problem. idea about this problem. We need We need somesome flour for making cake. flour for making cake.

We can use We can use a littlea little and and much much with uncountables.with uncountables.

I have got I have got a littlea little money. money. I haven’t got I haven’t got muchmuch rice. rice. Can you give me Can you give me a littlea little sugar, please! sugar, please! I haven’t got I haven’t got muchmuch furniture. furniture.

Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories.Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories.

Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items:Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items:• baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruitbaggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit• furniture, jewellery, junk, equipmentfurniture, jewellery, junk, equipment• machinery, postage, scenery, traffic,machinery, postage, scenery, traffic,• money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.

SubstancesSubstances

Solids:Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc. bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc. Fluids:Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc. water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc. Gases:Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc. pollution, air, oxygen, etc. Particles:Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc. flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc.

Abstract nounsAbstract nouns

advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage,advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage, education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health,education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence,help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence, information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music,information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music, patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc. patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc.

The other uncountable nounsThe other uncountable nouns

Gerunds (İsim fiiller):Gerunds (İsim fiiller):

Swimming (yüzme)Swimming (yüzme)

Diving (dalma)Diving (dalma)

Running (koşma)Running (koşma)

Cooking (yemek pişirme)Cooking (yemek pişirme)

Recreation(Etkinlik):Recreation(Etkinlik):

Chess (satranç)Chess (satranç)

Tennis (tenis)Tennis (tenis)

Football (futbol)Football (futbol)

Basketball (basketbol)Basketball (basketbol)

Languages (Diller):Languages (Diller):Turkish (Türkçe)Turkish (Türkçe)English (İngilizce)English (İngilizce)German (Almanca)German (Almanca)Portuguese (Portekizce)Portuguese (Portekizce)

Fields of study (Çalışma alanları):Fields of study (Çalışma alanları):

History (tarih)History (tarih)

Literature (edebiyat)Literature (edebiyat)

Psychology (psikoloji)Psychology (psikoloji)

Chemistry (kimya)Chemistry (kimya)

Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları):Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları): Fog(sis)Fog(sis) Hail (dolu)Hail (dolu) Lightning (yıldırım)Lightning (yıldırım) Rain (yağmur)Rain (yağmur) Snow (kar) Snow (kar)

Nouns that can be countable and uncountableNouns that can be countable and uncountable

There are There are two hairstwo hairs in my coffee. (countable) in my coffee. (countable)

I don’t have I don’t have muchmuch hairhair. (uncountable). (uncountable)

There are There are two lightstwo lights in my bedroom. (countable) in my bedroom. (countable)

Close the curtain. There’s tooClose the curtain. There’s too much much ligthligth. (uncountable). (uncountable)

Have you got Have you got a papera paper to read? (countable) to read? (countable)

I want to draw a picture. Have you got I want to draw a picture. Have you got some papersome paper? ? (uncountable)(uncountable)

Our house has Our house has seven roomsseven rooms. (countable). (countable)

Is thereIs there room room for me to sit here? (uncountable) for me to sit here? (uncountable)

We had We had a a great great timetime at the party. (countable) at the party. (countable)

Have you got Have you got timetime for a coffee? (uncountable) for a coffee? (uncountable)

Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest worksworks. (countable). (countable)

I have no money. I need I have no money. I need workwork!!

Experience:Experience:

It’s difficult to get a job without It’s difficult to get a job without experienceexperience.(=deneyim, .(=deneyim, uncountable)uncountable)

We had some wonderful We had some wonderful experiences experiences on our trip. (olay, on our trip. (olay, countable)countable)

Noise:Noise:

Noise Noise is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable)is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable)

We heard a loud We heard a loud noisenoise down the river. (=ses, countable) down the river. (=ses, countable)

Glass:Glass:

There may be some There may be some glassglass on the floor, because the window got on the floor, because the window got broken. (=cam, uncountable)broken. (=cam, uncountable)

We need some more We need some more glasses glasses for the party. (=bardak countable)for the party. (=bardak countable)