o rganisms and their r elationships. ecology the study of relationships between living organisms...
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ORGANISMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
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Ecology
The study of relationships between living organisms and the interaction they have with their environments
Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods.
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Biosphere
A thin layer around Earth
Extends several kilometers above the Earth’s surface
Extends several kilometers below the ocean’s surface
Organisms and Their Relationships
The biosphere is the broadest level of ecological study, the global sum of all ecosystems
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The Biosphere
Organisms and Their Relationships
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THE BIOSPHERE
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Biotic Factors
Living factors in an organism’s environment
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Abiotic Factors Nonliving factors in an
organism’s environment Weather, rocks, sunlight, etc.
Organisms adapt to survive in the abiotic factors present in their natural environment.
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Levels of Organization
Levels increase in complexity as the numbers and interactions between organisms increase. organism population biological
community ecosystem biome biosphere
Organisms and Their Relationships
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The lowest level of organization is the individual organism itself.
Organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time make up a population.
A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time.
Organisms and Their Relationships
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An ecosystem is a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it.
A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities.
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Organism- any single living species Populations – groups of the same species that
live in the same area Communities – different populations living
together in a defined area Ecosystem – all living (Biotic) and non-living
(Abiotic) components Biome – group of ecosystems in a similar
climate Biosphere – collection of all biomes
Organisms and Their Relationships
Levels of Organization
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Ecosystem Interactions
A habitat is an area where an organism lives.
A niche is the role or position that an organism has in its environment.
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Organisms and Their Relationships
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Community Interactions
Competition
Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time
Predation
Many species get their food by eating other organisms.
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Symbiotic Relationships The close relationship that exists when two or
more species live together Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
Organisms and Their Relationships
Community Interactions
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Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism One organism benefits, the other is
unaffected
Organisms and Their Relationships
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Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism
One organism benefits, the other is harmed
Organisms and Their Relationships